石墨含量对石墨/铝基自润滑复合材料摩擦性能的影响
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摘要
利用选择性激光烧结(SLS)技术制备蜂窝结构石墨骨架,对蜂窝结构石墨骨架进行固化、浸渍、碳化和镀铜处理,制备蜂窝骨架结构石墨/铝基自润滑复合材料,并研究浸渍工艺和石墨含量对复合材料摩擦系数的影响。研究表明:浸渍工艺使石墨骨架中的孔隙明显减少,随着浸渍次数的增加,骨架中的固化树脂从断链状向网状和面状发展,有利于石墨骨架强度的提高,其中第一次浸渍强化效果最为显著;石墨的添加使复合材料的摩擦系数低于铝基体合金,但随着石墨含量的增加,复合材料稳定磨损阶段的摩擦系数先减少后增加,当石墨含量为10%时,摩擦系数最小,为0.3左右。
The honeycomb structured graphite skeleton was prepared by selective laser sintering( SLS) technology,and then was cured,impregnated,carbonized and copper-plated,and finally the graphite/aluminum matrix self-lubricating composite was prepared. The effects of impregnation process and graphite content on friction coefficient of the composite were investigated. The results show that the porosity of graphite skeleton is obviously reduced by impregnation process. With the increase of impregnation times,the cured resin in the framework develops from broken chain-like to network-like and planar,which is beneficial to the improvement of graphite skeleton strength,and the strengthening effect of the first impregnation is the most remarkable. The friction coefficient of the composite is lower than that of the aluminum matrix alloy due to the addition of graphite,but with the increase of graphite content,the friction coefficient in steady wear stage of the composite decreases first and then increases. When the graphite content is 10%,the friction coefficient has the lowest value of 0.3.
The honeycomb structured graphite skeleton was prepared by selective laser sintering( SLS) technology,and then was cured,impregnated,carbonized and copper-plated,and finally the graphite/aluminum matrix self-lubricating composite was prepared. The effects of impregnation process and graphite content on friction coefficient of the composite were investigated. The results show that the porosity of graphite skeleton is obviously reduced by impregnation process. With the increase of impregnation times,the cured resin in the framework develops from broken chain-like to network-like and planar,which is beneficial to the improvement of graphite skeleton strength,and the strengthening effect of the first impregnation is the most remarkable. The friction coefficient of the composite is lower than that of the aluminum matrix alloy due to the addition of graphite,but with the increase of graphite content,the friction coefficient in steady wear stage of the composite decreases first and then increases. When the graphite content is 10%,the friction coefficient has the lowest value of 0.3.
引文
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[2]薛茂权,黄之德,熊党生.含Mo S2镍基合金高温磨损机理[J].材料热处理学报,2007,28(1):26-29.XUE Mao-quan,HUANG Zhi-de,XIONG Dang-sheng.High-temperature wear mechanism of Ni-based alloy containing Mo S2[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2007,28(1):26-29.
[3]王俊伟,张现周,薛晨,等.石墨表面镀Si对石墨/Al复合材料热物理性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(4):608-615WANG Jun-wei,ZHANG Xian-zhou,XUE Chen,et al.Effects of Si coated on graphite surface on the thermal and mechanical propertiew of graphite/Al composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(4):608-615.
[4]An V,Anisimov E,Druzyanova V,et al.Study of tribological behavior of Cu-Mo S2,and Ag-Mo S2,nanocomposite lubricants[J].Springerplus,2016,5(1):1-5.
[5]Kumar V,Gautam R K,Tyagi R.Tribological behavior of Al-based self-lubricating composites[J].Composite Interfaces,2016,23(6):481-492.
[6]曹占义,刘勇兵,杨晓红,等.铝基石墨复合材料的摩擦特性与机理分析[J].摩擦学报,1999,19(4):327-330.CAO Zhan-yi,LIU Yong-bing,YANG Xiao-hong,et al.Analysis on mechanism and tribological behavior of Al alloy based graphite composites[J].Tribology,1999,19(4):327-330.
[7]谢祥辉.活塞用高碳-石墨/铝复合材料性能检测及制备初探[D].广州:广东工业大学,2016.XIE Xiang-hui.Preliminary study on performance test and preparation of high carbon-graphite/aluminum composite Material for Piston[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2016.
[8]Rodriguez-guerrero A,Sanchez S A,Narciso J,et al.Pressure infiltration of Al-12 wt.%Si-X(X=Cu,Ti,Mg)alloys into graphite particle preforms[J].Acta Materialia,2006,54(7):1821-1831.
[9]刘振刚,田振明,姚广春,等.铸造法制备石墨颗粒增强铝基自润滑复合材料的发展[J].铸造,2008,57(11):1128-1131.LIU Zhen-gang,TIAN Zhen-ming,YAO Guang-chun,et al.Development of graphite particles reinforced aluminum matrix selflubricating composites prepared by casting[J].Foundry,2008,57(11):1128-1131.
[10]Xue C,Bai H,Tao P F,et al.Analysis on thermal conductivity of graphite/Al composite by experimental and modeling study[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2017,26(1):1-8.
[11]Sajjan B,Avinash L,Varun S,et al.Investigation of mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behaviour of graphite reinforced Al7068 alloy[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2017,867:10-18.
[12]Manojkumar M,Shanmuga Prakash R.Wear characteristics of hybrid Al 6063 matrix composites reinforced with graphite and fly ash particulates[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2016,854:1-9.
[13]Lokesh T,Mallikarjun U S.Mechanical and morphological studies of Al6061-Gr-Si C hybrid metal matrix composites[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2015,813-814(2):195-202.
[14]童伟,裴久阳,陈名海,等.压力浸渗制备石墨/铝复合材料及其热学性能[J].功能材料,2016,47(B12):120-124.TONG Wei,PEI Jiu-yang,CHEN Ming-hai,et al.Preparation and its thermal properties of graphite flakes/Al composites by pressure infiltration method[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2016,47(B12):120-124.
[15]刘杰,潘晓涛,曾国勋,等.镀镍石墨/铝复合材料界面和摩擦磨损性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2017(6):140-143.LIU Jie,PAN Xiao-tao,ZENG Guo-xun,et al.Research on interface and friction-wear properties of nickel coated graphite/aluminum composite[J].Hot Working Technology,2017(6):140-143.
[16]刘振刚,姚广春,刘宜汉.镀铜石墨与铝熔体的润湿性[J].材料导报,2009,23(2):57-59.LIU Zhen-gang,YAO Guang-chun,LIU Yi-han.Wettability of copper coated graphite and molten aluminum[J].Materials Review,2009,23(2):57-59.
[17]田建华,陈建,李春林.石墨粉表面化学置换镀铜研究[J].表面技术,2009,38(6):67-69.TIAN Jian-hua,CHEN Jian-lin,LI Chun-lin.Study on plating copper on the surface of graphite powders by the method of chemistry-replacement[J].Surface Technology,2009,38(6):67-69.
[18]Rajan T P D,Pillai R M,Pai B C.Reinforcement coatings and interfaces in aluminium metal matrix composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,1998,33(14):3491-3503.
[19]董志国.石墨/铝复合材料的制备及性能研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.DONG Zhi-guo.Study on the Preparation and performance of graphite/Al composite material[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2008.
[20]刘振刚.新型石墨颗粒/铝合金复合自润滑轴瓦材料的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.LIU Zhen-gang.Study of new graphite particle/Al alloy matrix self-lubricating bearing material[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009.
[21]陈玉明,揭晓华,吴锋,等.铝基滑动轴承合金材料的研究进展[J].材料研究与应用,2007,1(2):95-98.CHEN Yu-ming,JIE Xiao-hua,WU Feng,et al.Investigation progress on aluminum matrix sliding bearing alloy materials[J].Materials Research and Application,2007,1(2):95-98.
[22]叶喜葱,林咸参,曹如心,等.空间有序石墨/铝基自润滑复合材料的制备[J].材料热处理学报,2017,38(12):1-5.YE Xi-cong,LIN Xian-can,CAO Ru-xin,et al.Preparation of spatially ordered graphite/Al matrix self-lubricating composite[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2017,38(12):1-5.