基于联络线簇能量传输模式的互联区域电网脆弱性评估
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摘要
针对目前电网脆弱性评估方法对网间作用关系考虑不足的问题,提出基于联络线簇能量传输模式的互联区域电网脆弱性综合评估。首先,阐述当前区域互联电网固有的层次结构和运行特征,指出实际运行电网具有黑箱数据特性与运行外部区域依赖的性质,分析基于联络线簇能量传输模式的区域电网脆弱性评估的合理性。其次,修正了节点结构和支路负载率这两个脆弱性评估指标宏观特征弱的缺点,引入扰动抵御水平和极限负载率两个新指标,通过两个新引入的指标,对当前电网脆弱性评估中尚未考虑的能量冲击特性与能量外部交换特性进行重点分析,建立切合区域互联电网实际运行控制模式的综合评估指标体系。然后,应用变异系数法对基于联络线簇能量传输模式的互联区域电网脆弱性进行多指标综合评估。最后,采用IEEE57节点系统进行算例分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。
In order to solve the problem that the current vulnerability assessments do not give enough consideration to the interaction among grids,an evaluation approach of interconnected district grid vulnerability was presented based on tie-line groups energy transmission.First,the inherent hierarchical structure and operational characteristics in the current district interconnected power grids were expounded.The features of black box data and the external grid dependence of the actual power systems were indicated.Then,the rationality of district grid vulnerability assessments based on tie-line groups energy transmission was analyzed.Secondly,the drawbacks of the two inherent vulnerability evaluation indices,i.e. node structure and branch load rate with weak macroscopic feature,were corrected by introducing two new indices,disturbance resistance and horizontal load rate indices.These two new indices focus on power disturbance and power exchange,which were not considered in the previous vulnerability assessment papers.And,an evaluation indices system suitable for actual power system was established.Then,the method of variation coefficients was used to evaluate the vulnerability of interconnected power grid based on tie-line groups energy transmission mode.Finally,the effectiveness of the evaluation was verified by the IEEE57 node system.
In order to solve the problem that the current vulnerability assessments do not give enough consideration to the interaction among grids,an evaluation approach of interconnected district grid vulnerability was presented based on tie-line groups energy transmission.First,the inherent hierarchical structure and operational characteristics in the current district interconnected power grids were expounded.The features of black box data and the external grid dependence of the actual power systems were indicated.Then,the rationality of district grid vulnerability assessments based on tie-line groups energy transmission was analyzed.Secondly,the drawbacks of the two inherent vulnerability evaluation indices,i.e. node structure and branch load rate with weak macroscopic feature,were corrected by introducing two new indices,disturbance resistance and horizontal load rate indices.These two new indices focus on power disturbance and power exchange,which were not considered in the previous vulnerability assessment papers.And,an evaluation indices system suitable for actual power system was established.Then,the method of variation coefficients was used to evaluate the vulnerability of interconnected power grid based on tie-line groups energy transmission mode.Finally,the effectiveness of the evaluation was verified by the IEEE57 node system.
引文
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[15]Oni B,Graham H,Walker L.Investigation of nonlinear tie line bias control of interconnected power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1981,100(5):2350-2356.
[16]Wang C,Shahidehpour S.A deconposition approach to nonlinear multi-area generation scheduling with tie-line constraints using expert systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(4):1409-1418.
[17]Pan Zhijun,Zhang Yan,Zhao Teng.A Multi-objective transmission expansion planning considering power flow distribution unevenness of tie-line groups[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(23):56-62.[潘智俊,张焰,赵腾.计及联络线簇潮流分布非均匀性的多目标输电网规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(23):56-62.]
[18]Cao Yijia,Wang Guangzeng,Cao Lihua,et al.An Identi-fication Model for Self-organized Criticality of Power Grids Based on Power Flow Entropy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(7):1-5.[曹一家,王光增,曹丽华,等.基于潮流熵的复杂电网自组织临街态判断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(7):1-5.]
[19]Kennedy T,Hoyt S M,Abell C F.Variable,nonlinear tie-line frequency bias for interconnected systems control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,3(3):1244-1253.
[20]中国国家标准化管理委员会.电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则:GB/T 26399-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[21]Jaleeli N,Vanslyck L S.NERC’s new control performance standards[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1092-1099.
[22]Carreras B A,Newman D E,Dobso I,et al.Evidence for selforganized criticality in a time series of electric power system blackouts[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System,2004,51(9):1733-1740.
[23]Wang Chengmin,Li Xiang,Zhang Guoqing,et al.A simple arithmetic of total transfer capability of interconnected electric power systems[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(Supp 1):45-48.[王承民,李响,张国庆,等.大型互联电网区域间交换能力的简化计算方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(增刊1):45-48.]
[24]Freedman D,Pisani R,Purves R,等.统计学[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1997.
[25]Yang Wenhui,Bi Tianshu,Huang Shaofeng,et al.An approach for critical lines identification based on the sur-vivability of power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):29-35.[杨文辉,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于电网生存性评估的关键线路识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):29-35.]
[2]Meyer D H,Rusnov T,Silverstein A,et al.Final report on the August 14,2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada:Causes and recommendations[EB/OL].(2004-03-31)[2017-03-01].https://energy.gov/oe/downloads/blackout-2003-final-report-august-14-2003-blackout-united-states-andcanada-causes-and.
[3]Li Chunyan,Sun Yuanzhang,Chen Xiangyi,et al.Preliminary analysis of large scale blackout in Western Europe power grid on November 4 and measures to prevent large scale blackout in China[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(24):17-21.[李春艳,孙元章,陈向宜,等.西欧“11.4”大停电事故的初步分析及防止我国大面积停电事故的措施[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):17-21.]
[4]Bai Hao,Miao Shihong.Hybrid flow betweenness approach for identification of vulnerable line in power system[J].IETGeneration Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(12):1324-1331.
[5]Xu Qingshan,Wang Wei,Liu Jiankun,et al.Application of weighted electric betweenness considering sensitivity factor in identification of vulnerable grid lines[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):53-58.[徐青山,王伟,刘建坤,等.计及灵敏度因子的加权电气介数在电网脆弱性线路识别中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):53-58.]
[6]Zhang Cheng,Yu Yongjun,Li Huaqiang,et al.Analysis of nodal comprehensive vulnerability considering energy margin and weight factor for power system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(3):136-141.[张程,于永军,李华强,等.考虑能量裕度及权重因子的电力系统节点综合脆弱性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(3):136-141.]
[7]Bompard E,Napoli R,Xue F.Extended topological approach for the assessment of structural vulnerability in transmission networks[J].IEEE System Journal,2012,6(3):481-487.
[8]Li Yang,Su Huiling.Critical line affecting power system vulnerability under N-k contingency condition[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(3):60-67.[李扬,苏慧玲.N-k故障下影响电力系统脆弱性的关键线路研究[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(3):60-67.]
[9]Liu Limin,Liu Junyong,Wei Zhenbo,et al.Transmission line vulnerability assessment based on synergetic effect analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(5):30-36.[刘利民,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.基于协同效应分析的输电线路脆弱评估方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(5):30-36.]
[10]Ding Ming,Han Pingping.Small-word topological model based vulnerability assessment algorithm for large-scale power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(8):7-10.[丁明,韩平平.基于小世界拓扑模型的大型电网脆弱性评估算法[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(8):7-10.]
[11]Wei Zhenbo,Liu Junyong,Zhu Guojun,et al.A new integrative vulnerability evaluation model to power grid based on running state and structure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):11-14.[魏震波,刘俊勇,朱国俊,等.基于电网状态与结构的综合脆弱评估模型[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):11-14.]
[12]Wang Zhouyang,Chen Guo,Hill D,et al.A power flow based model for the analysis of vulnerability in power networks[J].Physica A,2016,460:105-115.
[13]Ding Jian,Bai Xiaomin,Zhao Wei,et al.Grid vulnerability analysis based on two-dimensional accumulation means[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(8):1-4.[丁剑,白晓民,赵伟,等.基于二维平面拟合的电网脆弱性分析[J].电力系统自幼化,2008,32(8):1-4.]
[14]Wu Xu,Zhang Jianhua,Qiu Wei,et al.Vulnerability evaluation of district power grid based on N-k contingency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(4):93-99.[吴旭,张建华,邱威,等.基于N-k故障的区域电网脆弱性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):93-99.]
[15]Oni B,Graham H,Walker L.Investigation of nonlinear tie line bias control of interconnected power systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1981,100(5):2350-2356.
[16]Wang C,Shahidehpour S.A deconposition approach to nonlinear multi-area generation scheduling with tie-line constraints using expert systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(4):1409-1418.
[17]Pan Zhijun,Zhang Yan,Zhao Teng.A Multi-objective transmission expansion planning considering power flow distribution unevenness of tie-line groups[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(23):56-62.[潘智俊,张焰,赵腾.计及联络线簇潮流分布非均匀性的多目标输电网规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(23):56-62.]
[18]Cao Yijia,Wang Guangzeng,Cao Lihua,et al.An Identi-fication Model for Self-organized Criticality of Power Grids Based on Power Flow Entropy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(7):1-5.[曹一家,王光增,曹丽华,等.基于潮流熵的复杂电网自组织临街态判断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(7):1-5.]
[19]Kennedy T,Hoyt S M,Abell C F.Variable,nonlinear tie-line frequency bias for interconnected systems control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1988,3(3):1244-1253.
[20]中国国家标准化管理委员会.电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则:GB/T 26399-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[21]Jaleeli N,Vanslyck L S.NERC’s new control performance standards[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(3):1092-1099.
[22]Carreras B A,Newman D E,Dobso I,et al.Evidence for selforganized criticality in a time series of electric power system blackouts[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System,2004,51(9):1733-1740.
[23]Wang Chengmin,Li Xiang,Zhang Guoqing,et al.A simple arithmetic of total transfer capability of interconnected electric power systems[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(Supp 1):45-48.[王承民,李响,张国庆,等.大型互联电网区域间交换能力的简化计算方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(增刊1):45-48.]
[24]Freedman D,Pisani R,Purves R,等.统计学[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1997.
[25]Yang Wenhui,Bi Tianshu,Huang Shaofeng,et al.An approach for critical lines identification based on the sur-vivability of power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):29-35.[杨文辉,毕天姝,黄少锋,等.基于电网生存性评估的关键线路识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):29-35.]