益生菌对生物絮团养殖系统中刺参幼参生长、消化酶和免疫反应的影响
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摘要
为了解益生菌对生物絮团养殖系统中刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参生长、消化酶和免疫反应的影响,选择体质量为(10.77±0.07)g的健康幼参,随机分配到6个盛有20 L沙滤海水的聚乙烯养殖箱中,每箱放30头幼参,试验设对照组和益生菌组(枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis+硝化菌),每组设3个平行,对照组每天投喂1次基础饵料(约为幼参体质量的4%)并添加蔗糖(基础饵料的70%),益生菌组在对照组基础上,每3 d向水体中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和硝化菌制剂各1.8 g,养殖试验共进行60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,养殖30、60 d时,益生菌组幼参的特定生长率均显著提高(P<0.05);益生菌组幼参肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均显著增强(P<0.05),但胰蛋白酶活力与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);益生菌组幼参的体腔细胞吞噬活力、体腔液和体腔细胞裂解液溶菌酶活力均显著增强(P<0.05)。研究表明,生物絮团养殖系统中添加益生菌可促进幼参生长,提高消化酶活力和增强免疫反应。
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with body weight of(10.77 g±0.07 g) were randomly divided into six 20 L sand filtered sea water tanks at a density of 30 individuals per tank,and fed the basal diet(70% basal diet) containing sucrose( control). In the probiotics treatment,however,the sea cucumber was fed the same diet as in the control in the water which was added into a mixture of Bacillus subtilis(1.8 g) plus nitrifiers(1.8 g) in a 3day interval at feeding rate of about 4% for 60 days to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotics on growth,digestion,and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber in biofloc culture system. Results showed that there was significantly higher specific growth rate in the sea cucumber fed the diet containing probiotics than that in the control during 30 d and 60 d rearing( P<0.05). The sea cucumber in the probiotics had significantly higher intestinal amylase and lipase activities than those in control did( P < 0.05),without significant differences in trypsin activity between probiotics treatment and the control( P > 0. 05). The phagocytic activity of coelomocytes and the lysozyme activity in coelomic fluid and in coelomocyte lysate supernatant were shown to be significantly enhanced in probiotics treatment compared with the control( P<0.05). The findings revealed that probiotics supplementation improved the growth,digestion and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber in a biofloc culture system.
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with body weight of(10.77 g±0.07 g) were randomly divided into six 20 L sand filtered sea water tanks at a density of 30 individuals per tank,and fed the basal diet(70% basal diet) containing sucrose( control). In the probiotics treatment,however,the sea cucumber was fed the same diet as in the control in the water which was added into a mixture of Bacillus subtilis(1.8 g) plus nitrifiers(1.8 g) in a 3day interval at feeding rate of about 4% for 60 days to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotics on growth,digestion,and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber in biofloc culture system. Results showed that there was significantly higher specific growth rate in the sea cucumber fed the diet containing probiotics than that in the control during 30 d and 60 d rearing( P<0.05). The sea cucumber in the probiotics had significantly higher intestinal amylase and lipase activities than those in control did( P < 0.05),without significant differences in trypsin activity between probiotics treatment and the control( P > 0. 05). The phagocytic activity of coelomocytes and the lysozyme activity in coelomic fluid and in coelomocyte lysate supernatant were shown to be significantly enhanced in probiotics treatment compared with the control( P<0.05). The findings revealed that probiotics supplementation improved the growth,digestion and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber in a biofloc culture system.
引文
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[13]张涛,白岚,李蕾,等.不同添加量的益生菌组合对仿刺参消化和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(S):64-68.
[14]刘姣,韩华,孙飞雪,等.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌BC26对刺参幼参消化酶、免疫反应和抗病力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):568-572.
[15]李丽丽,关晓燕,顾英,等.芽孢杆菌B4对刺参肠道免疫酶及消化酶的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(3):58-61.
[16]李璐瑶,孙丕海,包鹏云,等.饲料中添加混合益生菌对刺参幼参免疫反应和抗氧化性能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):266-271.
[17]Zhao Yancui,Yuan Lei,Wan Junli,et al.Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus cereus EN25 on growth,immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2016,49:237-242.
[18]李爽,李耕,潘玉洲,等.生物絮团技术对工厂化养殖海参生长及存活率的影响[J].科学养鱼,2011(11):65-66.
[19]马元庆,李斌,张秀珍,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼参消化与免疫酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):91-95.
[20]李斌,张秀珍,马元庆,等.生物絮团对水质的调控作用及仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(4):85-90.
[21]张秀珍,李斌,白艳艳,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼参生长与酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(4):793-799.
[22]李明.混合益生菌对刺参生长、免疫、消化和肠道菌群的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2012.
[23]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(1-2):248-254.
[24]Souza D M D,Suita S M,Leite F P L,et al.The use of probiotics during the nursery rearing of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis(Latreille,1817)in a zero exchange system[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(12):1828-1837.
[25]Krummenauer D,Poersch L,Romano L A,et al.The effect of probiotics in a Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J].Journal of Applied Aquaculture,2014,26(4):370-379.
[26]王志杰.两株益生菌在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[27]Anand P S S,Kohli M P S,Kumar S,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture,2014,418-419:108-115.
[28]Xu Wujie,Pan Luqing.Effects of bioflocs on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed[J].Aquaculture,2012,356-357:147-152.
[29]Xu Wujie,Pan Luqing.Enhancement of immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile in biofloc-based culture tanks manipulating high C/N ratio of feed input[J].Aquaculture,2013,412-413:117-124.
[30]孙振,王秀华,黄倢.一种微生物絮团的生化分析及其对凡纳滨对虾免疫力的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):473-480.
[31]Gliński Z,Jarosz J.Immune phenomena in echinoderms[J].Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis,2000,48(3):189-193.
[32]Jollès P,Jollès J.What's new in lysozyme research?Always a model system,today as yesterday[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1984,63(2):165-189.
[33]Saurabh S,Sahoo P K.Lysozyme:an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system[J].Aquaculture Research,2008,39(3):223-239.
[34]Kim S K,Pang Zhenguo,Seo H C,et al.Effect of bioflocs on growth and immune activity of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae[J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(2):362-371.
[35]王吉桥,王志香,于红艳,等.饲料中不同类型的硒对仿刺参幼参生长和免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(4):306-311.
[2]何翠,黄国强.全国及主要刺参养殖省份刺参养殖状况分析[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(1):24-30.
[3]薄学锋,刘金明,董晓亮,等.利用地热循环水加温进行黄河口刺参苗种繁育技术研究[J].齐鲁渔业,2016(1):1-5.
[4]Qi Zizhong,Zhang Xiaohua,Boon N,et al.Probiotics in aquaculture of China—Current state,problems and prospect[J].Aquaculture,2009,290(1-2):15-21.
[5]Crab R,Defoirdt T,Bossier P,et al.Biofloc technology in aquaculture:beneficial effects and future challenges[J].Aquaculture,2012,356-357:351-356.
[6]袁成玉,张洪,吴垠,等.微生态制剂对幼刺参生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].水产科学,2006,25(12):612-615.
[7]Zhang Qin,Ma Hongming,Mai Kangsen,et al.Interaction of dietary Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance,non-specific immunity of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2010,29(2):204-211.
[8]Zhao Yancui,Zhang Wenbing,Xu Wei,et al.Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis T13 on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(5):750-755.
[9]Li Jianguang,Xu Yongping,Jin Liji,et al.Effects of a probiotic mixture(Bacillus subtilis YB-1 and Bacillus cereus YB-2)on disease resistance and non-specific immunity of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(12):3008-3019.
[10]Yang Gang,Tian Xiangli,Dong Shuanglin,et al.Effects of dietary Bacillus cereus G19,B.cereus BC-01,and Paracoccus marcusii DB11 supplementation on the growth,immune response,and expression of immune-related genes in coelomocytes and intestine of the sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,45(5):800-807.
[11]田相利,赵坤,王军,等.泼洒和投喂芽孢杆菌对刺参生长以及消化和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(1):18-25.
[12]董春光,杨爱国,孙秀俊,等.枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)在刺参养殖中的益生作用[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(3):109-115.
[13]张涛,白岚,李蕾,等.不同添加量的益生菌组合对仿刺参消化和免疫指标的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(S):64-68.
[14]刘姣,韩华,孙飞雪,等.饵料中添加芽孢杆菌BC26对刺参幼参消化酶、免疫反应和抗病力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):568-572.
[15]李丽丽,关晓燕,顾英,等.芽孢杆菌B4对刺参肠道免疫酶及消化酶的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(3):58-61.
[16]李璐瑶,孙丕海,包鹏云,等.饲料中添加混合益生菌对刺参幼参免疫反应和抗氧化性能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):266-271.
[17]Zhao Yancui,Yuan Lei,Wan Junli,et al.Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus cereus EN25 on growth,immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2016,49:237-242.
[18]李爽,李耕,潘玉洲,等.生物絮团技术对工厂化养殖海参生长及存活率的影响[J].科学养鱼,2011(11):65-66.
[19]马元庆,李斌,张秀珍,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼参消化与免疫酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):91-95.
[20]李斌,张秀珍,马元庆,等.生物絮团对水质的调控作用及仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(4):85-90.
[21]张秀珍,李斌,白艳艳,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼参生长与酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(4):793-799.
[22]李明.混合益生菌对刺参生长、免疫、消化和肠道菌群的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2012.
[23]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(1-2):248-254.
[24]Souza D M D,Suita S M,Leite F P L,et al.The use of probiotics during the nursery rearing of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis(Latreille,1817)in a zero exchange system[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(12):1828-1837.
[25]Krummenauer D,Poersch L,Romano L A,et al.The effect of probiotics in a Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus[J].Journal of Applied Aquaculture,2014,26(4):370-379.
[26]王志杰.两株益生菌在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[27]Anand P S S,Kohli M P S,Kumar S,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture,2014,418-419:108-115.
[28]Xu Wujie,Pan Luqing.Effects of bioflocs on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed[J].Aquaculture,2012,356-357:147-152.
[29]Xu Wujie,Pan Luqing.Enhancement of immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile in biofloc-based culture tanks manipulating high C/N ratio of feed input[J].Aquaculture,2013,412-413:117-124.
[30]孙振,王秀华,黄倢.一种微生物絮团的生化分析及其对凡纳滨对虾免疫力的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):473-480.
[31]Gliński Z,Jarosz J.Immune phenomena in echinoderms[J].Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis,2000,48(3):189-193.
[32]Jollès P,Jollès J.What's new in lysozyme research?Always a model system,today as yesterday[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1984,63(2):165-189.
[33]Saurabh S,Sahoo P K.Lysozyme:an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system[J].Aquaculture Research,2008,39(3):223-239.
[34]Kim S K,Pang Zhenguo,Seo H C,et al.Effect of bioflocs on growth and immune activity of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae[J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(2):362-371.
[35]王吉桥,王志香,于红艳,等.饲料中不同类型的硒对仿刺参幼参生长和免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(4):306-311.