大叶藻(Zostera marina)的热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性
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摘要
选取辽宁獐子岛近岸海域大叶藻样品,对其须根、根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的灰分含量、热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性进行研究,结果表明:在不同生长阶段,叶片长度随着生长顺序先增大后减小;灰分含量随着叶片生长逐渐升高,且极显著小于根状茎和须根(P<0.01);不同部位干质量热值差异极显著(P<0.01),以初生叶最高,为(14.89±0.040)k J/g,后逐渐减小,在须根中最小,为(8.15±0.079)k J/g;不同生长阶段叶片的去灰分热值差异不大,但极显著大于须根和根状茎(P<0.01);碳、氮、磷含量均呈同一趋势:初生叶>幼叶>成熟叶1>成熟叶2>衰老叶>根状茎>须根;N/P比值为27.08,说明大叶藻存在P限制;N/P比值在根状茎中最大,须根中最小,这说明大叶藻存在能量的转移和存贮;大叶藻不同部位灰分含量与干质量热值、去灰分热值、碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的负相关(P<0.01),干质量热值与碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01);大叶藻不同部位的热值与碳、氮、磷元素含量之间均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05)。
The root, rhizome, and leaves of eelgrass Zostera marina L. were collected from the coast of Zhangzi Island in Dalian, Liaoning Province. The leaves were sampled in five age categories from new leaf to old one in different sizes. Ash contents, caloric values and element contents(carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), and the correlations among those plant parts were studied. When leaves grew up, the ash contents gradually increased. On the other hand, gross caloric value(GCV) in the different parts showed significant difference(P<0.01), of which the new leave was the largest for(14.89±0.040)k J/g. When leaves grew up, the GCV gradually decreased; and the lowest was found in the root for(8.15±0.079)k J/g. Ash-free caloric value(AFCV) of leaves of different ages was slightly different from each other. Contents of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus showed the same trend: young leaves > old leaves > rhizome > root. N:P ratios in the different parts were similar in average of 27.08, revealing phosphorus limitation for this species. The different distribution of these indices reflected the energy transfer from older tissues to younger ones and energy storage in active tissues. Ash contents was in significantly negative correlation with GCV, AFCV, carbon content, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content(P<0.01). GCV was in significant positive correlation with all chemical elements contents(P<0.01). Moreover, there were significant linear relationships between caloric values and the contents of those elements(P<0.05).
The root, rhizome, and leaves of eelgrass Zostera marina L. were collected from the coast of Zhangzi Island in Dalian, Liaoning Province. The leaves were sampled in five age categories from new leaf to old one in different sizes. Ash contents, caloric values and element contents(carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), and the correlations among those plant parts were studied. When leaves grew up, the ash contents gradually increased. On the other hand, gross caloric value(GCV) in the different parts showed significant difference(P<0.01), of which the new leave was the largest for(14.89±0.040)k J/g. When leaves grew up, the GCV gradually decreased; and the lowest was found in the root for(8.15±0.079)k J/g. Ash-free caloric value(AFCV) of leaves of different ages was slightly different from each other. Contents of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus showed the same trend: young leaves > old leaves > rhizome > root. N:P ratios in the different parts were similar in average of 27.08, revealing phosphorus limitation for this species. The different distribution of these indices reflected the energy transfer from older tissues to younger ones and energy storage in active tissues. Ash contents was in significantly negative correlation with GCV, AFCV, carbon content, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content(P<0.01). GCV was in significant positive correlation with all chemical elements contents(P<0.01). Moreover, there were significant linear relationships between caloric values and the contents of those elements(P<0.05).
引文
于函,马有会,张岩等,2007.大叶藻的生态学特征及其与环境的关系.海洋湖沼通报,(S0):112—120
石雅君,范航清,潘良浩等,2011.日本大叶藻(Zosterajaponica)根状茎和不同发育阶段叶片的热值动态.海洋科学,35(11):48—51
由文辉,宋永昌,1995.淀山湖水生维管束植物群落能量的研究.植物生态学报,19(3):208—216
任海,彭少麟,刘鸿先等,1999.鼎湖山植物群落及其主要植物的热值研究.植物生态学报,23:148—154
刘炳舰,周毅,刘旭佳等,2013.桑沟湾楮岛近岸海域大叶藻生态学特征的基础研究.海洋科学,37(1):42—48
孙国夫,郑志明,王兆骞,1993.水稻热值的动态变化研究.生态学杂志,12(1):1—4
杨宗岱,1982.中国海草的生态学研究.海洋科学,(2):34—37
杨宗岱,李淑霞,1983.海草系统分类的探讨.山东海洋学院学报,13(4):78—87
杨宗岱,吴宝铃,1981.中国海草场的分布、生产力及其结构与功能的初步探讨.生态学报,1(1):84—89
杨福囤,何海菊,1983.高寒草甸地区常见植物热值的初步研究.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,7:280—287
张晓梅,周毅,王峰等,2013.山东荣成天鹅湖矮大叶藻种群的生态特征.应用生态学报,24(7):2033—2039
范航清,邱广龙,石雅君等,2011.中国亚热带海草生理生态学研究.北京:科学出版社,2—177
范航清,彭胜,石雅君等,2007.广西北部湾沿海海草资源与研究状况.广西科学,14(3):289—295
林鹏,林光辉,1991.几种红树植物的热值和灰分含量研究.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(2):114—120
林益明,向平,林鹏,2004.深圳福田几种红树植物繁殖体与不同发育阶段叶片热值研究.海洋科学,28(2):43—48
林益明,林鹏,王通,2000.几种红树植物木材热值和灰分含量的研究.应用生态学报,11(2):181—184
郑朝晖,马春霞,马江林等,2011a.俄罗斯杨热值与含碳率特征分析.河南农业科学,40(6):128—131
郑朝晖,马江林,孙守文等,2011b.新疆8年生银新杨热值与含碳率特征分析研究.福建林业科技,38(4):21—25
官丽莉,周小勇,罗艳,2005.我国植物热值研究综述.生态学杂志,24(4):452—457
赵辉,闫华晓,张萌萌等,2010.海洋生物质的热解特性与动力学研究.生物技术通报,(4):135—140
徐永荣,张万均,冯宗炜等,2003.天津滨海盐渍土上几种植物的热值和元素含量及其相关性.生态学报,23(3):450—455
高凯,朱铁霞,徐苏铁等,2011.不同生境条件对菊芋块茎的热值、C、N和灰分含量的影响.作物杂志,(2):17—19
韩秋影,黄小平,施平等,2007.广西合浦海草床生态系统服务功能价值评估.海洋通报,26(3):33—39
曾小平,蔡锡安,赵平等,2009.广东鹤山人工林群落主要优势植物的热值和灰分含量.应用生态学报,20(3):485—492
谭忠奇,林益明,向平等,2003.5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的热值与灰分含量动态.浙江林学院学报,20(3):40—43
Brix H,Lyngby J E,Schierup H H,1983.Eelgrass(Zosteramarina L.)as an indicator organism of trace metals in theLimfjord,Denmark.Marine Environmental Research,8:165—181
Cabello-Pasini A,Mu?oz-Salazar R,Ward D H,2004.Biochemical characterization of the eelgrass Zostera marinaat its southern distribution limit in the North Pacific.Ciencias Marinas,30:21—34
Cassida K A,Muir J P,Hussey M A et al,2005.BiofuelComponent Concentrations and Yields of Switchgrass inSouth Central U.S.Environments.Crop Science,45:682—692
Den Hartog C,1970.The sea-grasses of the world.North HollandPublishing Company,Amsterdam,Netherlands:234—275
Duarte C M,1990.Seagrass nutrient content.Marine EcologyProgress Series,67:201—207
Hemminga M A,MarbàN,Stapel J,1999.Leaf nutrientresorption,leaf lifespan and the retention of nutrients inseagrass systems.Aquatic Botany,65:141—158
Koerselman W,Meuleman A F,1996.The vegetation N:P ratio:anew tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation.Journalof Applied Ecology,33:1441—1450
Lee K S,Short F T,Burdick D M,2004.Development of anutrient pollution indicator using the seagrass,Zosteramarina,along nutrient gradients in three New Englandestuaries.Aquatic Botany,78:197—216
Long F L,1934.Application of cabrimetric methods toecological research.Plant Physiology,9:323—327
Lucas C,Thangaradjou T,Papenbrock J,2012.Development of aDNA barcoding system for seagrasses:Successful but notsimple.Plo S ONE,7(1):e29987
Marion S R,Orth R J,2010.Innovative techniques for large-scaleseagrass restoration using Zostera marina(eelgrass)seeds.Restoration Ecology,18(4):514—526
Pedersen M F,Borum J,1992.Nitrogen dynamics of eelgrassZostera marina during a late summer period of high growthand low nutrient availability.Marine Ecology ProgressSeries,80:65—73
Pradheeba M,Dilipan E,Nobi E et al,2011.Evaluation ofseagrasses for their nutritional value.Indian Journal ofMarine Sciences,40:105
Reusch T B H,Stam W T,Olsen J L,2000.A microsatellite-basedestimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision inZostera marina,a marine flowering plant.MolecularEcology,9:127—140
Siegal-Willott J L,Harr K,Hayek L A C et al,2010.Proximatenutrient analyses of four species of submerged aquaticvegetation consumed by Florida manatee(Trichechusmanatus latirostris)compared to romaine lettuce(Lactucasativa var.longifolia).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,41:594—602
Wang W,Lin P,1999.Transfer of salt and nutrients in Bruguieragymnorrhiza leaves during development and senescence.Mangroves and Salt Marshes,3:1—7
Yamamuro M,Chirapart A,2005.Quality of the seagrassHalophila ovalis on a Thai intertidal flat as food for thedugong.Journal of Oceanography,61:183—186
Zhou Y,Zhang F S,Yang H S et al,2003.Comparison ofeffectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organisms andsediments by ignition method.Water Research,37:3875—3882
石雅君,范航清,潘良浩等,2011.日本大叶藻(Zosterajaponica)根状茎和不同发育阶段叶片的热值动态.海洋科学,35(11):48—51
由文辉,宋永昌,1995.淀山湖水生维管束植物群落能量的研究.植物生态学报,19(3):208—216
任海,彭少麟,刘鸿先等,1999.鼎湖山植物群落及其主要植物的热值研究.植物生态学报,23:148—154
刘炳舰,周毅,刘旭佳等,2013.桑沟湾楮岛近岸海域大叶藻生态学特征的基础研究.海洋科学,37(1):42—48
孙国夫,郑志明,王兆骞,1993.水稻热值的动态变化研究.生态学杂志,12(1):1—4
杨宗岱,1982.中国海草的生态学研究.海洋科学,(2):34—37
杨宗岱,李淑霞,1983.海草系统分类的探讨.山东海洋学院学报,13(4):78—87
杨宗岱,吴宝铃,1981.中国海草场的分布、生产力及其结构与功能的初步探讨.生态学报,1(1):84—89
杨福囤,何海菊,1983.高寒草甸地区常见植物热值的初步研究.植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,7:280—287
张晓梅,周毅,王峰等,2013.山东荣成天鹅湖矮大叶藻种群的生态特征.应用生态学报,24(7):2033—2039
范航清,邱广龙,石雅君等,2011.中国亚热带海草生理生态学研究.北京:科学出版社,2—177
范航清,彭胜,石雅君等,2007.广西北部湾沿海海草资源与研究状况.广西科学,14(3):289—295
林鹏,林光辉,1991.几种红树植物的热值和灰分含量研究.植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(2):114—120
林益明,向平,林鹏,2004.深圳福田几种红树植物繁殖体与不同发育阶段叶片热值研究.海洋科学,28(2):43—48
林益明,林鹏,王通,2000.几种红树植物木材热值和灰分含量的研究.应用生态学报,11(2):181—184
郑朝晖,马春霞,马江林等,2011a.俄罗斯杨热值与含碳率特征分析.河南农业科学,40(6):128—131
郑朝晖,马江林,孙守文等,2011b.新疆8年生银新杨热值与含碳率特征分析研究.福建林业科技,38(4):21—25
官丽莉,周小勇,罗艳,2005.我国植物热值研究综述.生态学杂志,24(4):452—457
赵辉,闫华晓,张萌萌等,2010.海洋生物质的热解特性与动力学研究.生物技术通报,(4):135—140
徐永荣,张万均,冯宗炜等,2003.天津滨海盐渍土上几种植物的热值和元素含量及其相关性.生态学报,23(3):450—455
高凯,朱铁霞,徐苏铁等,2011.不同生境条件对菊芋块茎的热值、C、N和灰分含量的影响.作物杂志,(2):17—19
韩秋影,黄小平,施平等,2007.广西合浦海草床生态系统服务功能价值评估.海洋通报,26(3):33—39
曾小平,蔡锡安,赵平等,2009.广东鹤山人工林群落主要优势植物的热值和灰分含量.应用生态学报,20(3):485—492
谭忠奇,林益明,向平等,2003.5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的热值与灰分含量动态.浙江林学院学报,20(3):40—43
Brix H,Lyngby J E,Schierup H H,1983.Eelgrass(Zosteramarina L.)as an indicator organism of trace metals in theLimfjord,Denmark.Marine Environmental Research,8:165—181
Cabello-Pasini A,Mu?oz-Salazar R,Ward D H,2004.Biochemical characterization of the eelgrass Zostera marinaat its southern distribution limit in the North Pacific.Ciencias Marinas,30:21—34
Cassida K A,Muir J P,Hussey M A et al,2005.BiofuelComponent Concentrations and Yields of Switchgrass inSouth Central U.S.Environments.Crop Science,45:682—692
Den Hartog C,1970.The sea-grasses of the world.North HollandPublishing Company,Amsterdam,Netherlands:234—275
Duarte C M,1990.Seagrass nutrient content.Marine EcologyProgress Series,67:201—207
Hemminga M A,MarbàN,Stapel J,1999.Leaf nutrientresorption,leaf lifespan and the retention of nutrients inseagrass systems.Aquatic Botany,65:141—158
Koerselman W,Meuleman A F,1996.The vegetation N:P ratio:anew tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation.Journalof Applied Ecology,33:1441—1450
Lee K S,Short F T,Burdick D M,2004.Development of anutrient pollution indicator using the seagrass,Zosteramarina,along nutrient gradients in three New Englandestuaries.Aquatic Botany,78:197—216
Long F L,1934.Application of cabrimetric methods toecological research.Plant Physiology,9:323—327
Lucas C,Thangaradjou T,Papenbrock J,2012.Development of aDNA barcoding system for seagrasses:Successful but notsimple.Plo S ONE,7(1):e29987
Marion S R,Orth R J,2010.Innovative techniques for large-scaleseagrass restoration using Zostera marina(eelgrass)seeds.Restoration Ecology,18(4):514—526
Pedersen M F,Borum J,1992.Nitrogen dynamics of eelgrassZostera marina during a late summer period of high growthand low nutrient availability.Marine Ecology ProgressSeries,80:65—73
Pradheeba M,Dilipan E,Nobi E et al,2011.Evaluation ofseagrasses for their nutritional value.Indian Journal ofMarine Sciences,40:105
Reusch T B H,Stam W T,Olsen J L,2000.A microsatellite-basedestimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision inZostera marina,a marine flowering plant.MolecularEcology,9:127—140
Siegal-Willott J L,Harr K,Hayek L A C et al,2010.Proximatenutrient analyses of four species of submerged aquaticvegetation consumed by Florida manatee(Trichechusmanatus latirostris)compared to romaine lettuce(Lactucasativa var.longifolia).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,41:594—602
Wang W,Lin P,1999.Transfer of salt and nutrients in Bruguieragymnorrhiza leaves during development and senescence.Mangroves and Salt Marshes,3:1—7
Yamamuro M,Chirapart A,2005.Quality of the seagrassHalophila ovalis on a Thai intertidal flat as food for thedugong.Journal of Oceanography,61:183—186
Zhou Y,Zhang F S,Yang H S et al,2003.Comparison ofeffectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organisms andsediments by ignition method.Water Research,37:3875—3882