天津市孕妇全氟有机化合物的暴露水平
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摘要
目的分析孕妇血清中全氟有机化合物(PFASs)的浓度水平。方法使用在线固相萃取(SPE)-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测150份天津孕妇孕早期(5～20 w)血清中36种全氟有机化合物的污染水平,分析天津地区孕妇血清中PFASs的暴露水平以及年龄与替代物暴露水平的相关性。结果天津地区6:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐(6:2 Cl-PFESA)的暴露水平最高,平均浓度为6.436 ng/ml,其次为全氟辛烷磺酸(n-PFOS,5.545 ng/ml)。替代物8:2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸盐(8:2 Cl-PFESA)与孕妇年龄呈显著正相关(β=2.435,P=0.029),而6:2 Cl-PFESA的暴露水平与年龄不存在统计学意义(P=0.344)。结论天津地区PFASs的暴露水平较高,尤其是6:2 Cl-PFESA暴露水平已经超过以往人体内暴露较高的PFOS;8∶2 Cl-PFESA的暴露与年龄显著相关。
Objective To investigate the levels of PFASs in the serum of pregnant women.Methods Online solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra performance-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was used to detect the contamination levels of 36 PFASs in the serum of 150 pregnant women in early pregnancy(5-20 weeks). The exposure levels of PFASs in the maternal serum in Tianjin and the correlation between maternal age and exposure levels of alternatives were analyzed. Results The highest level of PFASs in Tianjin was 6:2 Cl-PFESA, with the mean concentration of 6.436 ng/ml, followed by n-PFOS(5.545 ng/mL). The exposure level of 8:2 Cl-PFESA was significantly positively correlated with the maternal age(β=2.435,P=0.029), while 6:2 Cl-PFESA was not statistically significant(P=0.344).Conclusion The exposure level of PFASs in Tianjin is higher,especially 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure level has exceeded the higher exposure of PFOS in the past. The level of 8:2 Cl-PFESA is significantly associated with maternal age.
Objective To investigate the levels of PFASs in the serum of pregnant women.Methods Online solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra performance-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was used to detect the contamination levels of 36 PFASs in the serum of 150 pregnant women in early pregnancy(5-20 weeks). The exposure levels of PFASs in the maternal serum in Tianjin and the correlation between maternal age and exposure levels of alternatives were analyzed. Results The highest level of PFASs in Tianjin was 6:2 Cl-PFESA, with the mean concentration of 6.436 ng/ml, followed by n-PFOS(5.545 ng/mL). The exposure level of 8:2 Cl-PFESA was significantly positively correlated with the maternal age(β=2.435,P=0.029), while 6:2 Cl-PFESA was not statistically significant(P=0.344).Conclusion The exposure level of PFASs in Tianjin is higher,especially 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure level has exceeded the higher exposure of PFOS in the past. The level of 8:2 Cl-PFESA is significantly associated with maternal age.
引文
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[19] Kato K, Kalathil AA, Patel AM, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fluorinated alternatives in urine and serum by on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 209:338-345
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[25] Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, et al. Determinants of serum levels of perfluorinated alkyl acids in Danish pregnant women[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2016, 219(8):867-875.
[26] Fu Y, Wang T, Wang P, et al. Effects of age, gender and region on serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in general population of Henan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 110:104-110.
[27] Sochorová L, Hanzlíkoverná M, et al. Perfluorinated alkylated substances and brominated flame retardants in serum of the Czech adult population[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017,220(2):235-243.
[2] Kennedy GL, Butenhoff JL, Olsen GW, et al. The Toxicology of Perfluorooctanoate[J]. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2004, 34(4):351-384.
[3] Dallaire R, Dewailly E, Pereg D, et al. Thyroid function and plasma concentrations of polyhalogenated compounds in inuit adults[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009, 117(9):1380-1386.
[4] Lau C ,Butenhoff JL, Rogers JM . The developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives[J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2004, 198(2):231-241.
[5] Olsen GW, Burris JM, Ehresman DJ, et al. Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate,perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, 115(9):1298-1305.
[6] Benskin JP, De Silva AO, Martin JW. Isomer profiling of perfluorinated substances as a tool for source tracking: a review of early findings and future applications[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2010, 208:111-160.
[7] Loveless SE, Finlay C, Everds NE, et al. Comparative responses of rats and mice exposed to linear/branched, linear, or branched ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO)[J]. Toxicology, 2006, 220(2-3):203-217.
[8] O’Brien JM , Kennedy SW , Chu S, et al. Isomer-specific accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in the liver of chicken embryos exposed in ovo to a technical mixture[J].Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2011, 30(1):226-231.
[9] Yang S, Xu F, Wu F, et al. Development of PFOS and PFOA criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in China[J].Science of The Total Environment, 2014, 470-471:677-683.
[10] Deng M, Wu Y, Xu C, et al. Multiple approaches to assess the effects of F-53B, a Chinese PFOS alternative, on thyroid endocrine disruption at environmentally relevant concentrations[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 624:215-224.
[11] Rae JMC, Craig L, Slone TW, et al. Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague-Dawley rats,Toxicology Reports,2015(2): 939-949.
[12] Shi Y, Vestergren R, Xu L, et al. Human exposure and elimination kinetics of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs)[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(5):2396-2404.
[13] Crawford NM, Fenton SE, Strynar M, et al. Effects of perfluorinated chemicals on thyroid function, markers of ovarian reserve, and natural fertility[J].Reproductive Toxicology, 2017, 69:53-59.
[14] Beesoon S, Webster GM, Shoeib M,et al. Isomer profiles of perfuorochemicals in matched maternal, cord, and house dust samples: manufacturing sources and transplacental transfer[J].Environ Health Perspect,2011,119(11):1659-1664.
[15] 谢丹.典型全氟化合物同分异构体的膳食暴露和母婴传递研究[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学, 2017.
[16] Chen F, Yin S, Kelly BC, et al. Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in matched maternal, cord, and placenta samples: A study of transplacental transfer[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(11):6387-6394.
[17] Kishi R, Nakajima T, Goudarzi H, et al. The association of prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals with maternal essential and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and the birth weight of their offspring: the hokkaido study[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015, 123(10):1038-1045.
[18] Liew Z, Ritz B, von Ehrenstein OS, et al. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood autism in association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a nested case-control study in the danish national birth cohort[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015, 123(4):367-373.
[19] Kato K, Kalathil AA, Patel AM, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fluorinated alternatives in urine and serum by on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 209:338-345
[20] Fromme H, Wockner M, Roscher R et al. ADONA and perfluoroalkylated substances in plasma samples of German blood donors living in South Germany[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017, 220(2):455-460.
[21] Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bossi R, Liew Z, et al. Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids in five international birth cohorts[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017, 220(2):86-93.
[22] Chen F, Yin S, Kelly BC, et al. Isomer-specific transplacental transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids: results from a survey of paired maternal, cord sera and placentas[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(10):5756-5763.
[23] Zhang Y, Jiang W, Fang S, et al. Perfluoroalkyl acids and the isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in the sera of 50 new couples in Tianjin, China[J]. Environment International, 2014, 68:185-191.
[24] Berg V, Nst T H, Huber S, et al., Maternal serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their predictors in years with reduced production and use[J]. Environment International, 2014, 69:58-66.
[25] Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, et al. Determinants of serum levels of perfluorinated alkyl acids in Danish pregnant women[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2016, 219(8):867-875.
[26] Fu Y, Wang T, Wang P, et al. Effects of age, gender and region on serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in general population of Henan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 110:104-110.
[27] Sochorová L, Hanzlíkoverná M, et al. Perfluorinated alkylated substances and brominated flame retardants in serum of the Czech adult population[J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017,220(2):235-243.