听觉丰容对笼养北豚尾猴行为表达的影响
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摘要
为了探究笼养动物对听觉丰容的行为响应,以天津动物园笼养北豚尾猴(Macaca leonina)(5只成年,4只未成年)为研究对象,采用扫描取样法,观察研究不同听觉环境(自然音乐、古典音乐和摇滚音乐)对北豚尾猴行为(刻板、理毛、休息和移动)表达的影响.结果表明:①与空白环境相比,自然音乐环境下,群组水平上北豚尾猴的刻板和休息行为增加,理毛和移动行为减少;②古典音乐环境下,北豚尾猴的休息行为增加,刻板和移动行为减少,理毛行为略有减少;③摇滚音乐环境下,北豚尾猴的刻板、理毛、休息和移动行为均减少;④3种音乐环境下,成年北豚尾猴的刻板和理毛行为均多于未成年北豚尾猴,休息和移动行为均少于后者,2个年龄组4种行为的排序均为休息行为>刻板行为>理毛行为>移动行为.综合比较不同听觉环境对北豚尾猴各类行为表达影响的整体效应,认为相比于自然音乐和摇滚音乐,古典音乐更适合作为笼养北豚尾猴听觉丰容的适宜音乐类型.
To explore the behavioral responses of captive animals to auditory enrichment, the captive northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)(5 adults and 4 juveniles)living at Tianjin Zoo of China were adopted as research objects,and the scan sampling method was applied to investigate how different auditory environments(natural music,classical music,and rock music)affect behavioral expressions(stereotypic behavior, grooming behavior,resting behavior,and moving behavior)of captive northern pig-tailed macaques. The results showed that: ① Compared with blank environment,in the natural music environment,the stereotypic and resting behaviors of northern pig-tailed macaques in group-level increased,and the grooming and moving behaviors decreased;② In the classical music environment,the resting behavior increased,the stereotypic and moving behaviors decreased,and the grooming behavior decreased slightly;③ In the rock music environ-ment,all the four kinds of behaviors decreased;④ In the three kinds of music environments,the stereotypic and groom-ing behaviors of adults were higher than those of juveniles,and the resting and moving behaviors were lower than those of the latter. The sequence of four kinds of behaviors of two age groups was the resting behavior > stereotypic behavior >grooming behavior > moving behavior. According to the overall effects of different auditory environments on behavioral expressions,it is concluded that the classical music is more suitable for captive northern pig-tailed macaques compared with natural music and rock music.
To explore the behavioral responses of captive animals to auditory enrichment, the captive northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)(5 adults and 4 juveniles)living at Tianjin Zoo of China were adopted as research objects,and the scan sampling method was applied to investigate how different auditory environments(natural music,classical music,and rock music)affect behavioral expressions(stereotypic behavior, grooming behavior,resting behavior,and moving behavior)of captive northern pig-tailed macaques. The results showed that: ① Compared with blank environment,in the natural music environment,the stereotypic and resting behaviors of northern pig-tailed macaques in group-level increased,and the grooming and moving behaviors decreased;② In the classical music environment,the resting behavior increased,the stereotypic and moving behaviors decreased,and the grooming behavior decreased slightly;③ In the rock music environ-ment,all the four kinds of behaviors decreased;④ In the three kinds of music environments,the stereotypic and groom-ing behaviors of adults were higher than those of juveniles,and the resting and moving behaviors were lower than those of the latter. The sequence of four kinds of behaviors of two age groups was the resting behavior > stereotypic behavior >grooming behavior > moving behavior. According to the overall effects of different auditory environments on behavioral expressions,it is concluded that the classical music is more suitable for captive northern pig-tailed macaques compared with natural music and rock music.
引文
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[29]HEAGERTY A,WALES R A,PRONGAY K,et al.Social hair pulling in captive rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)[J].American Journal of Primatology,2017,79(12):e22720.
[30]DAVILA S G,CAMPO J L,GIL M G,et al.Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress(tonic immobility duration,heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,and fluctuating asymmetry)in several breeds of layer chicks[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(11):2459-2466.
[31]CAMPO J L,GIL M G,DAVILA S G.Effects of specific noise and music stimuli on stress and fear levels of laying hens of several breeds[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,91(1/2):75-84.
[2]MASON G,CLUBB R,LATHAM N,et al.Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behavior[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2007,102(3/4):163-188.
[3]ABELLO M T,COLELL M.Analysis of factors that affect maternal behaviour and breeding success in great apes in captivity[J].International Zoo Yearbook,2010,40(1):323-340.
[4]TAYLOR D K,BASS T,FLORY G S,et al.Use of low-dose chlorpromazine in conjunction with environmental enrichment to eliminate selfinjurious behavior in a rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)[J].Comparative Medicine,2005,55(3):282-288.
[5]李华,潘文婧,刘东强,等.环境丰容对圈养黑猩猩行为的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(4):410-414.LI H,PAN W J,LIU D Q,et al.The effects of environmental enrichment to captive chimpanzees[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2005,41(4):410-414(in Chinese).
[6]ALWORTH L C,BUERKLE S C.The effects of music on animal physiology,behavior and welfare[J].Lab Animal,2013,42(2):54-61.
[7]RENNER M J,LUSSIER J P.Environmental enrichment for the captive spectacled bear(Tremarctos ornatus)[J].Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,2002,73(1):279-283.
[8]WELLS D L,COLEMAN D,CHALLIS M G.A note on the effect of auditory stimulation on the behavior and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2006,100(3/4):327-332.
[9]SCHAPIRO S J,BLOOMSMITH M A,PORTER L M,et al.Enrichment effects on rhesus monkeys successively housed singly,in pairs,and in groups[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1996,48(3/4):159-171.
[10]SWAISGOOD R R,WHITE A M,ZHOU X P,et al.A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of an environmental enrichment programme for giant pandas[J].Animal Behaviour,2001,61(2):447-457.
[11]CLARK J A,HASELEY A,VAN GENDEREN G,et al.Increasing breeding behaviors in a captive colony of northern bald ibis through conspecific acoustic enrichment[J].Zoo Biology,2015,31(1):71-81.
[12]BARCELLOS H H A,KOAKOSKI G,CHAULET F,et al.The effects of auditory enrichment on zebrafish behavior and physiology[J].PeerJ,2018,6(1):e5162.
[13]何鑫,刘定震.圈养灵长动物丰容方法研究[J].生物学通报,2013,48(11):1-4.HE X,LIU D Z.Study on enrichment method of captive primates[J].Bulletin of Biology,2013,48(11):1-4(in Chinese).
[14]于学伟.动物园环境丰容的基础与原则[J].野生动物,2012,33(2):97-99.YU X W.Basis and principle of environmental enrichment for zoos[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2012,33(2):97-99(in Chinese).
[15]LUTZ C K,NOVAK M A.Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates:Theory and application[J].ILAR Journal,2005,46(2):178-191.
[16]ROBBINS L,MARGULIS S W.The effects of auditory enrichment on gorillas[J].Zoo Biology,2014,33(3):197-203.
[17]WALLACE E K,ALTSCHUL D,KORFER K,et al.Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)?[J].PLoS One,2017,12(3):e0172672.
[18]VIDEAN E N,FRITZ J,HOWELL S,et al.Effects of two types and genres of music on social behavior in captive chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)[J].Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science,2007,46(1):66-70.
[19]HOSEY G R,MELFI V A,PANKHURST S.Zoo Animals:Their Behavior,Management and Welfare[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.
[20]王万民,刘佳,郑彤,等.食物丰容对圈养蜂猴行为的影响[J].野生动物,2010,31(4):175-177.WANG W M,LIU J,ZHENG T,et al.Influence of food enrichment on behaviors of slow loris in captivity[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2010,31(4):175-177(in Chinese).
[21]彭燕燕.圈养白头叶猴(Presbytis leucocephalus)行为学研究及投喂丰容探索[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.PENG Y Y.Behavioral Research and Feeding Enrichment Exploration of Captive Presbytis leucocephalus[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2009(in Chinese).
[22]ZHAO D P,WANG Y,HAN K J,et al.Birth seasonality,infant sex ratio,and interbirth interval in captive northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina):The first evidence based on an 11 year record[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2015,47(3):891-894.
[23]ZHAO D P,WANG Y,HAN K J,et al.Does target animacy influence manual laterality of monkeys?first answer from northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)[J].Animal Cognition,2015,18(4):931-936.
[24]ZHAO D P,WANG Y,WEI X Y.Hand preference during bimanual coordinated task in northern pig-tailed macaques Macaca leonina[J].Current Zoology,2016,62(4):385-391.
[25]BROOKER J S.An investigation of the auditory perception of western lowland gorillas in an enrichment study[J].Zoo Biology,2016,35(5):398-408.
[26]ALTMANN J.Observational study of behavior:Sampling methods[J].Behaviour,1974,49(3):227-267.
[27]李银华,李保国.灵长类相互理毛的影响因素、功能及其利益分析[J].人类学学报,2004,23(4):334-342.LI Y H,LI B G.Influencing factors,functions and benefit analysis of allogrooming in primates[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2004,23(4):334-342(in Chinese).
[28]BORRIES C,SOMMER V,SRIVASTAVA A.Weaving a tight socialnet:Allogromming in free-ranging female langurs(Presbytis entellus)[J].International Journal of Primatology,1994,15(3):421-443.
[29]HEAGERTY A,WALES R A,PRONGAY K,et al.Social hair pulling in captive rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)[J].American Journal of Primatology,2017,79(12):e22720.
[30]DAVILA S G,CAMPO J L,GIL M G,et al.Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress(tonic immobility duration,heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,and fluctuating asymmetry)in several breeds of layer chicks[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(11):2459-2466.
[31]CAMPO J L,GIL M G,DAVILA S G.Effects of specific noise and music stimuli on stress and fear levels of laying hens of several breeds[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,91(1/2):75-84.