腐殖酸有机肥配施芽孢杆菌对陕南烟田土壤特性及烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
【目的】探索腐殖酸有机肥和芽孢杆菌对提升烤烟品质和产量的影响,寻求适合陕南烟区土壤改良的有效途径。【方法】以K326为材料在陕西汉中烟区展开大田裂区试验,研究増施不同量腐殖酸有机肥和芽孢杆菌生物菌肥对植烟土壤理化特性、烟叶钾营养、烤后化学成分和产质量的差异。【结果】増施不同量腐殖酸有机肥和芽孢杆菌生物菌肥较常规施肥方式均可改善土壤理化特性,降低土壤容重;增加土壤速效养分含量;降低烤烟烟碱和淀粉含量,提高其总氮、还原糖含量、糖碱比和氮碱比,协调烤后化学成分;且中上等烟比例和经济效益得到提高。【结论】常规施肥配施900 kg/hm~2腐殖酸有机肥和6 kg/hm~2芽孢杆菌菌肥的综合效果最好,适宜陕西汉中烟区推广。
【Objective】In order to provide more theoretical support on improving the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco in southern Shaanxi tobacco area, the effect of humic acid organic fertilizer and Bacillus on growth of tobacco was investigated.【Method】The effect of soil quality, physicochemical properties, potassium nutrition of leaves, chemical composition after baking, and the quality and yield of tobacco growing area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province were measured by field crack experiment.【Result】Compared with the way of conventional fertilization, Bacillus and humic acid organic fertilizers, can improve soil physicochemical properties, reduce soil bulk density and increase alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium as well as available phosphorus content of soil in different degrees. Besides, it could improve the economic efficiency of tobacco by increasing total nitrogen, reducing the content of nicotine, starch, sugar, sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio, coordinating the post-baking chemical composition of cured tobacco leaf and improving the ratio of middle-to-top tobacco. 【Conclusion】Based on the comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that the best effect is the combination of conventional fertilization and humic acid organic fertilizer with 900 kg/hm~(2 ) as well as Bacillus fertilizer with 6 kg/hm~2, which is suitable for popularization in tobacco area of Hanzhong.
【Objective】In order to provide more theoretical support on improving the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco in southern Shaanxi tobacco area, the effect of humic acid organic fertilizer and Bacillus on growth of tobacco was investigated.【Method】The effect of soil quality, physicochemical properties, potassium nutrition of leaves, chemical composition after baking, and the quality and yield of tobacco growing area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province were measured by field crack experiment.【Result】Compared with the way of conventional fertilization, Bacillus and humic acid organic fertilizers, can improve soil physicochemical properties, reduce soil bulk density and increase alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium as well as available phosphorus content of soil in different degrees. Besides, it could improve the economic efficiency of tobacco by increasing total nitrogen, reducing the content of nicotine, starch, sugar, sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio, coordinating the post-baking chemical composition of cured tobacco leaf and improving the ratio of middle-to-top tobacco. 【Conclusion】Based on the comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that the best effect is the combination of conventional fertilization and humic acid organic fertilizer with 900 kg/hm~(2 ) as well as Bacillus fertilizer with 6 kg/hm~2, which is suitable for popularization in tobacco area of Hanzhong.
引文
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[16]陈丽丽,何玲玲,赵雅,等.地衣芽孢杆菌W10对烟草的促生作用及机制[J].江苏农业科学,2016(5):152-154.
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[18]郭亚利,刘锦华,王仕海.植烟土壤保育及改良技术的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(4):79-85.
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[20]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
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[25]晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟连作对烟叶产量和质量的影响研究初报[J].烟草科技,2002,50(1):25-30.
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[27]杜秉海,侯跃亮.烟田土壤微生物区系分析[J].中国烟草科学,1996(2):30-32.
[28]X.Y.X I,C.J.L I,Zhang F S.Nitrogen Supply after Removing the Shoot Apex Increases the Nicotine Concentration and Nitrogen Content of Tobacco Plants[J].Annals of Botany,2005,96(5):793.
[29]Falc?o L L,Silva-Werneck J O,Vilarinho B R,et al.Antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting properties of the cacao endophyte Bacillus subtilis ALB629[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2014,116(6):1584-1592.
[30]刘健,李俊,葛诚.微生物肥料作用机理的研究新进展[J].微生物学杂志,2001,21(1):33-36.
[31]刘国顺,朱凯,武雪萍,等.施用有机酸和氨基酸对烤烟生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].华北农学报,2004(4):51-54.
[2]刘星,邱慧珍,张文明,等.微生物有机肥对陇东烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响及其机理初探[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):79-86.
[3]孙虎,廖允成,朱建忠.渭北地区烤烟优化施肥技术研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(7):60-66.
[4]贾志红,易建华,苏以荣,等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1578-1585.
[5]赵晓会.不同培肥及改良措施对烟田土壤性质及烟草品质影响的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[6]赵其国.土壤退化及其防治[J].土壤,1991,23(2):57-60.
[7]邵孝侯,刘旭,周永波,等.生物有机肥改良连作土壤及烤烟生长发育的效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(2):65-67.
[8]刘茜,马飞跃,于建军,等.腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):132-136.
[9]赵文田.土壤养分、腐殖酸肥料和锌对烤烟产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[10]蔡宪杰,杨义方,马永建,等.腐殖酸类肥料对碱性植烟土壤 pH及烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(6):261-265.
[11]叶协锋,凌爱芬,刘清华,等.腐殖酸对植烟土壤理化性状影响的研究[J].腐植酸,2012 (1):41-41.
[12]张喜峰,张立新,高梅,等.不同氮肥形态和腐殖酸对陕西典型生态区烤烟化学成分和产质量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):60-67.
[13]靳志丽,刘国顺,聂新柏.腐殖酸对土壤环境和烤烟矿质吸收影响的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,23(3):15-18.
[14]胡江春,薛德林,马成新,等.植物根际促生菌 (PGPR) 的研究与应用前景[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1963-1966.
[15]Chen X H,Koumoutsi A,Scholz R,et al.Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007,25(9):1007-1014.
[16]陈丽丽,何玲玲,赵雅,等.地衣芽孢杆菌W10对烟草的促生作用及机制[J].江苏农业科学,2016(5):152-154.
[17]尚翠.微生物有机肥对烟田土壤养分调节和烟草品质改善的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[18]郭亚利,刘锦华,王仕海.植烟土壤保育及改良技术的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(4):79-85.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[J].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[21]张乃凤.土壤速效钾的测定——醋酸铵浸提,火焰光度计测定法[J].土壤肥料,1974(1):13.
[22]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[23]国家烟草专卖局.Y C T.142-2010 烟草农艺性状调查方法 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[24]王彦亭.中国烟草种植区划[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:3-4.
[25]晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟连作对烟叶产量和质量的影响研究初报[J].烟草科技,2002,50(1):25-30.
[26]郑宪滨,刘国顺,邢国强,等.腐殖酸对烤烟化学成分和经济性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007(12):43-45.
[27]杜秉海,侯跃亮.烟田土壤微生物区系分析[J].中国烟草科学,1996(2):30-32.
[28]X.Y.X I,C.J.L I,Zhang F S.Nitrogen Supply after Removing the Shoot Apex Increases the Nicotine Concentration and Nitrogen Content of Tobacco Plants[J].Annals of Botany,2005,96(5):793.
[29]Falc?o L L,Silva-Werneck J O,Vilarinho B R,et al.Antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting properties of the cacao endophyte Bacillus subtilis ALB629[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2014,116(6):1584-1592.
[30]刘健,李俊,葛诚.微生物肥料作用机理的研究新进展[J].微生物学杂志,2001,21(1):33-36.
[31]刘国顺,朱凯,武雪萍,等.施用有机酸和氨基酸对烤烟生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].华北农学报,2004(4):51-54.