韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害蚕豆根茎影响豌豆蚜的生长发育
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摘要
地下害虫和地上害虫虽然在空间上隔离,但植物作为媒介将它们联系到一个系统,为了探讨地下害虫危害对地上害虫的影响,本文利用蚕豆植株作为媒介,研究了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang危害蚕豆植株对两种色型豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的影响。结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害改变了蚕豆植株的营养组成,包括干重和鲜重比、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、海藻糖和游离氨基酸。豌豆蚜取食后若虫历期延长,两种色型豌豆蚜1龄历期延长最为显著,红色型豌豆蚜3龄历期延长差异显著,其他各龄历期无差异;豌豆蚜若虫的死亡率提高,绿色型豌豆蚜1龄和2龄的死亡率高于对照组,红色型豌豆蚜2龄、3龄和4龄的死亡率高于对照组,其中红色型豌豆蚜2龄死亡率显著高于对照组;韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害减小两种色型豌豆蚜每天产蚜数、10 d累积产蚜数、净增值率、内禀增长率、周限增长率、相对生长率、体长和体重,平均世代周期延长但是无显著差异。结果表明,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊危害可直接影响蚕豆的营养组成,进一步间接影响豌豆蚜的生长发育。
Plants provide a communication network for the underground and overground insects despite their space segregation. Hence, an underground insect may affect overground insect through the damaged plants. Here, we used the Vicia faba to study effects of faba's root damage by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang on two types of Acyrthosiphon pisum. The results showed that B.odoriphaga larvae changed the nutrition composition of faba, including fresh to dry weight ratio, soluble protein and saccharide, trehalose and free amino acids. After feeding on faba leaves from damaged plants, both red and green aphids exhibited an extended nymphal development due to their dramatically prolonged first instar, however, only the red type displayed an increased third instar. Meanwhile, mortality rates elevated on both types of aphids compared with their control groups. The green nymphs had a higher mortality rate in the first and second instar while the reds increased on the second, third and fourth instar. Further, both color aphids showed trends to increase their average generation time and significant decreases in multiple aspects, such as daily offspring production, accumulated nymphs of 10 days per female, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, relative growth ratio, body length and weight. It is concluded that B.odoriphaga could change the nutritional composition of faba, which subsequently affected the growth and development of pea aphids.
Plants provide a communication network for the underground and overground insects despite their space segregation. Hence, an underground insect may affect overground insect through the damaged plants. Here, we used the Vicia faba to study effects of faba's root damage by Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang on two types of Acyrthosiphon pisum. The results showed that B.odoriphaga larvae changed the nutrition composition of faba, including fresh to dry weight ratio, soluble protein and saccharide, trehalose and free amino acids. After feeding on faba leaves from damaged plants, both red and green aphids exhibited an extended nymphal development due to their dramatically prolonged first instar, however, only the red type displayed an increased third instar. Meanwhile, mortality rates elevated on both types of aphids compared with their control groups. The green nymphs had a higher mortality rate in the first and second instar while the reds increased on the second, third and fourth instar. Further, both color aphids showed trends to increase their average generation time and significant decreases in multiple aspects, such as daily offspring production, accumulated nymphs of 10 days per female, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, relative growth ratio, body length and weight. It is concluded that B.odoriphaga could change the nutritional composition of faba, which subsequently affected the growth and development of pea aphids.
引文
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Coppola V,Soler R,Rao R,et al.Tomato-mediated interactions between root herbivores and aphids:Insights into plant defence signaling [J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2017,163 (2):170-176.
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Dáder B,Fereres A,Moreno A,et al.Elevated CO2 impacts bell pepper growth with consequences to Myzus persicae life history,feeding behaviour and virus transmission ability [J].Scientific Reports,2016,6 (19120):19120.
Guo H,Sun Y,Li Y,et al.Elevated CO2 alters the feeding behaviour of the pea aphid by modifying the physical and chemical resistance of Medicago truncatula [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2014,37 (9):2158.
Guo RH,Luo L,Zhang TH,et al.Effects of interactions of above and below-ground herbivores on nitrogen distribution in rice plant and labile nitrogen in soil [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54 (2):493-502.[郭瑞华,罗琌,张腾昊,等.地上和地下植食者互作对水稻氮分配及土壤活性氮的影响 [J].土壤学报,2017,54 (2):493-502]
Hetten HC,Li J,Zhuang H,et al.Stem parasitic plant Cuscuta australis (Dodder) transfers herbivory-induced signals among plants [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114 (32):E6703.
Hodge S,Ward JL,Beale MH,et al.Aphid-induced accumulation of trehalose in Arabidopsis thaliana is systemic and dependent upon aphid density [J].Planta,2013,237 (4):1057-1064.
Hu XS,Liu XF,Thieme T,et al.Testing the fecundity advantage hypothesis with sitobion avenae,Rhopalosiphum padi,and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera:Aphididae) feeding on ten wheat accessions [J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:18549.
Liu YH,Kang ZW,Guo Y,et al.Nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts [J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:24781.
Lu QY,Zhang WX,Guo WL,et al.A preliminary study on distributing phase and sampling methods of Braidysia olaiphage larva in Chinese chive field [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2006,15 (2):75-77.[卢巧英,张文学,郭卫龙,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术研究初报 [J].西北农业学报,2006,15 (2):75-77]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,et al.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odoriphaga [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2003,40:396-398.[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治 [J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40:396-398]
Morkunas I,Wozniak A,Formela,et al.Pea aphid infestation induces changes in flavonoids,antioxidative defence,soluble sugars and sugar transporter expression in leaves of pea seedlings [J].Protoplasma,2016,253 (4):1063-1079.
Mouttet R,Kaplan I,Bearez P,et al.Spatiotemporal patterns of induced resistance and susceptibility linking diverse plant parasites [J].Oecologia,2013,173 (4):1379-1386.
Pescod KV,Quick WP,Douglas AE.Aphid responses to plants with genetically manipulated phloem nutrient levels [J].Physiological Entomology,2007,32 (3):253-258.
Poveda K,Steffan DI,Scheu S,et al.Effects of decomposers and herbivores on plant performance and aboveground plant-insect interactions [J].Oikos,2005,108 (3):503-510.
Rusin M,Gospodarek J,Nadgórska SA,et al.Effect of petroleum-derived substances on life history traits of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop) and on the growth and chemical composition of broad bean [J].Ecotoxicology,2017,26 (3):308-319.
Shen QD,Yang MM,Xie GQ,et al.Excess trehalose and glucose affects chitin metabolism in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) [J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,2017,20 (2):449-455.
Singh V,Louis J,Ayre BG,et al.Trehalose phosphate synthase11-dependent trehalose metabolism promotes Arabidopsis thaliana defense against the phloem-feeding insect Myzus persicae [J].Plant Journal,2011,67 (1):94.
Singh V,Shah J.Tomato responds to green peach aphid infestation with the activation of trehalose metabolism and starch accumulation [J].Plant Signaling & Behavior,2012,7 (6):605-607.
Song H,Wang CQ.Mechanism of wound-induced defense response and signal transduction in plants [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2013,48 (4):461-469.[宋恒,王长泉.机械伤害诱导的植物防御机制和信号转导 [J].植物学报2013,48 (4):461-469]
Sun Y,Guo H,Ge F.Plant-aphid interactions under elevated CO2:Some cues from aphid feeding behavior [J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7 (202).
Tan XL,Wang S,Ridsdillsmith J,et al.Direct and indirect impacts of infestation of tomato plant by Myzus persicae (Hemiptera:Aphididae) on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) [J].PLoS ONE,2014,9 (4):e94310.
Tester M,Bacic A.Abiotic stress tolerance in grasses.From model plants to crop plants [J].Plant Physiology,2005,137 (3):791.
Wang YJ,Zou CS,Wang RX,et al.Insecticidal activity analysis of three plant secondary metabolites on Lymantria dispar [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39 (11):75-81.[王亚军,邹传山,王若茜,等.3种植物次生代谢物质对舞毒蛾的杀虫活性分析 [J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39 (11):75-81]
Wen J.Effects ofTomato Plant Defensive Responses Induced by Tetanychus urticae Koch on Responses of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2016.[温娟.二斑叶螨为害番茄诱导防御反应对西花蓟马的影响 [D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016]
Will T,Vilcinskas A.Aphid-proof plants:Biotechnology-based approaches for aphid control [J].Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology,2013,136:179.
Wu Q,Fang WY,Wang WJ.Research advance of wounding induced phenylananine ammonia-lyase activity in Plant [J].Modern Agricuitural Science and Technology,2016,1:157-158.[吴琼,方吴云,王文杰.机械损伤诱导植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性研究进展 [J].现代农业科技,2016,1:157-158]
Wurst S,Putten WHVD.Root herbivore identity matters in plant-mediated interactions between root and shoot herbivores [J].Basic & Applied Ecology,2007,8 (6):491-499.
Xiong QE.Plant Physiology Experiments [M].Chengdu:Sichuan Publishing Group,2003.[熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程 [M].成都:四川出版集团,2003]
Yang X,Xu YH,Wei JH,et al.Advances on the biosynthesis pathways and molecular regulation mechanism of several important defensive substances in plant secondary metabolism [J].Letters in Biotechnology,2013,2:285-289.[杨欣,徐艳红,魏建和,等.几种重要植物次生代谢防御反应物质的生物合成途径及分子调控机制研究进展 [J].生物技术通讯,2013,2:285-289]
Yang YT,Li WX,Xie W,et al.Development of Bradysia odoriphaga,(Diptera:Sciaridae) as affected by humidity:An age-stage,two-sex,life-table study [J].Applied Entomology and Szoology,2015,50 (1):3-10.
Zhang HJ,Yan Y,Peng L,et al.Plant defense responses induced by phloem-feeding insects [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55 (6):736-748.[张海静,严盈,彭露,等.韧皮部取食昆虫诱导的植物防御反应 [J].昆虫学报,2012,55 (6):736-748]
Zhang X.The Function of Defensive Substances in Tobacco Specifically Induced by Bemisia tabaci Biotype B against Myzus persicae [D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2015.[张晓.B型烟粉虱特异性诱导的烟草防御物质的筛选及其在防御烟蚜中的作用 [D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015]
Zhao LN.Regulating Effects of Trehalase and TPS on the Key Genes in the Pathway of Trehalose Metabolic in Nilaparvata lugens [D].Hangzhou:Hangzhou Normal University,2014.[赵丽娜.海藻糖酶和海藻糖合成酶基因对褐飞虱海藻糖代谢途径关键基因的调控研究 [D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2014]
Zhu YY,Chen L,Wang JG.Impact of free amino acid composition of plant phloem sap and pea aphid itself when it takes food [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,51 (7):1284-1291.[朱玉永,陈立,王俊刚.豌豆蚜取食对蚕豆韧皮部及自身氨基酸含量的影响 [J].新疆农业科学,2014,51 (7):1284-1291]
Avonce N,Mendoza VA,Morett E,et al.Insights on the evolution of trehalose biosynthesis [J].Bmc Evolutionary Biology,2006,6 (1):109.
Behmer ST.Insect herbivore nutrient regulation [J].Annual Review of Entomology,2009,54 (54):165.
Bezemer TM,Deyn GBD,Bossinga TM,et al.Soil community composition drives aboveground plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions [J].Ecology Letters,2005,8 (6):652-661.
Cong CL,Zhi JR,Liao QR,et al.Effects of Frankliniella occidentalis feeding and mechanical damage on the antioxidant system in bean leaves [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2013,50 (6):1586-1593.[从春蕾,郅军锐,廖启荣,等.西花蓟马取食与机械损伤对菜豆叶片抗氧化系统的影响 [J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50 (6):1586-1593]
Coppola V,Soler R,Rao R,et al.Tomato-mediated interactions between root herbivores and aphids:Insights into plant defence signaling [J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2017,163 (2):170-176.
Ji Y,Zhang XQ,Peng Y,et al.Effects of drought stress on lipid peroxidation,osmotic adjustment and activities of protective enzymes in the roots and leaves of orchardgrass [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23 (3):144-151.[季杨,张新全,彭燕,等.干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响 [J].草业学报,2014,23 (3):144-151]
Dáder B,Fereres A,Moreno A,et al.Elevated CO2 impacts bell pepper growth with consequences to Myzus persicae life history,feeding behaviour and virus transmission ability [J].Scientific Reports,2016,6 (19120):19120.
Guo H,Sun Y,Li Y,et al.Elevated CO2 alters the feeding behaviour of the pea aphid by modifying the physical and chemical resistance of Medicago truncatula [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2014,37 (9):2158.
Guo RH,Luo L,Zhang TH,et al.Effects of interactions of above and below-ground herbivores on nitrogen distribution in rice plant and labile nitrogen in soil [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54 (2):493-502.[郭瑞华,罗琌,张腾昊,等.地上和地下植食者互作对水稻氮分配及土壤活性氮的影响 [J].土壤学报,2017,54 (2):493-502]
Hetten HC,Li J,Zhuang H,et al.Stem parasitic plant Cuscuta australis (Dodder) transfers herbivory-induced signals among plants [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114 (32):E6703.
Hodge S,Ward JL,Beale MH,et al.Aphid-induced accumulation of trehalose in Arabidopsis thaliana is systemic and dependent upon aphid density [J].Planta,2013,237 (4):1057-1064.
Hu XS,Liu XF,Thieme T,et al.Testing the fecundity advantage hypothesis with sitobion avenae,Rhopalosiphum padi,and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera:Aphididae) feeding on ten wheat accessions [J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:18549.
Liu YH,Kang ZW,Guo Y,et al.Nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts [J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:24781.
Lu QY,Zhang WX,Guo WL,et al.A preliminary study on distributing phase and sampling methods of Braidysia olaiphage larva in Chinese chive field [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2006,15 (2):75-77.[卢巧英,张文学,郭卫龙,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术研究初报 [J].西北农业学报,2006,15 (2):75-77]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,et al.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odoriphaga [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2003,40:396-398.[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治 [J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40:396-398]
Morkunas I,Wozniak A,Formela,et al.Pea aphid infestation induces changes in flavonoids,antioxidative defence,soluble sugars and sugar transporter expression in leaves of pea seedlings [J].Protoplasma,2016,253 (4):1063-1079.
Mouttet R,Kaplan I,Bearez P,et al.Spatiotemporal patterns of induced resistance and susceptibility linking diverse plant parasites [J].Oecologia,2013,173 (4):1379-1386.
Pescod KV,Quick WP,Douglas AE.Aphid responses to plants with genetically manipulated phloem nutrient levels [J].Physiological Entomology,2007,32 (3):253-258.
Poveda K,Steffan DI,Scheu S,et al.Effects of decomposers and herbivores on plant performance and aboveground plant-insect interactions [J].Oikos,2005,108 (3):503-510.
Rusin M,Gospodarek J,Nadgórska SA,et al.Effect of petroleum-derived substances on life history traits of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop) and on the growth and chemical composition of broad bean [J].Ecotoxicology,2017,26 (3):308-319.
Shen QD,Yang MM,Xie GQ,et al.Excess trehalose and glucose affects chitin metabolism in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) [J].Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology,2017,20 (2):449-455.
Singh V,Louis J,Ayre BG,et al.Trehalose phosphate synthase11-dependent trehalose metabolism promotes Arabidopsis thaliana defense against the phloem-feeding insect Myzus persicae [J].Plant Journal,2011,67 (1):94.
Singh V,Shah J.Tomato responds to green peach aphid infestation with the activation of trehalose metabolism and starch accumulation [J].Plant Signaling & Behavior,2012,7 (6):605-607.
Song H,Wang CQ.Mechanism of wound-induced defense response and signal transduction in plants [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2013,48 (4):461-469.[宋恒,王长泉.机械伤害诱导的植物防御机制和信号转导 [J].植物学报2013,48 (4):461-469]
Sun Y,Guo H,Ge F.Plant-aphid interactions under elevated CO2:Some cues from aphid feeding behavior [J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7 (202).
Tan XL,Wang S,Ridsdillsmith J,et al.Direct and indirect impacts of infestation of tomato plant by Myzus persicae (Hemiptera:Aphididae) on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) [J].PLoS ONE,2014,9 (4):e94310.
Tester M,Bacic A.Abiotic stress tolerance in grasses.From model plants to crop plants [J].Plant Physiology,2005,137 (3):791.
Wang YJ,Zou CS,Wang RX,et al.Insecticidal activity analysis of three plant secondary metabolites on Lymantria dispar [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39 (11):75-81.[王亚军,邹传山,王若茜,等.3种植物次生代谢物质对舞毒蛾的杀虫活性分析 [J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39 (11):75-81]
Wen J.Effects ofTomato Plant Defensive Responses Induced by Tetanychus urticae Koch on Responses of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2016.[温娟.二斑叶螨为害番茄诱导防御反应对西花蓟马的影响 [D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016]
Will T,Vilcinskas A.Aphid-proof plants:Biotechnology-based approaches for aphid control [J].Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology,2013,136:179.
Wu Q,Fang WY,Wang WJ.Research advance of wounding induced phenylananine ammonia-lyase activity in Plant [J].Modern Agricuitural Science and Technology,2016,1:157-158.[吴琼,方吴云,王文杰.机械损伤诱导植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性研究进展 [J].现代农业科技,2016,1:157-158]
Wurst S,Putten WHVD.Root herbivore identity matters in plant-mediated interactions between root and shoot herbivores [J].Basic & Applied Ecology,2007,8 (6):491-499.
Xiong QE.Plant Physiology Experiments [M].Chengdu:Sichuan Publishing Group,2003.[熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程 [M].成都:四川出版集团,2003]
Yang X,Xu YH,Wei JH,et al.Advances on the biosynthesis pathways and molecular regulation mechanism of several important defensive substances in plant secondary metabolism [J].Letters in Biotechnology,2013,2:285-289.[杨欣,徐艳红,魏建和,等.几种重要植物次生代谢防御反应物质的生物合成途径及分子调控机制研究进展 [J].生物技术通讯,2013,2:285-289]
Yang YT,Li WX,Xie W,et al.Development of Bradysia odoriphaga,(Diptera:Sciaridae) as affected by humidity:An age-stage,two-sex,life-table study [J].Applied Entomology and Szoology,2015,50 (1):3-10.
Zhang HJ,Yan Y,Peng L,et al.Plant defense responses induced by phloem-feeding insects [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55 (6):736-748.[张海静,严盈,彭露,等.韧皮部取食昆虫诱导的植物防御反应 [J].昆虫学报,2012,55 (6):736-748]
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