基于AIS和多尺度空间模型的船舶活动时空特征及潜在压力
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摘要
基于AIS数据,应用GIS空间分析和地理空间模拟方法,分析莱州湾海上渔业船舶和商业船舶活动的时空特征,对海上船舶活动对莱州湾海洋生态红线区、海洋功能区海域生态环境的潜在压力进行直观、量化评估.结果表明,莱州湾船舶活动集中在海湾西南部海域和港口航运区、农渔业区等海洋功能区;渔业船舶活动日变化、季节变化特征较为明显;莱州湾西南部海域和龙口港区西北部海域受海上船舶活动的潜在压力较大.建议在每年的9—11月份,加强对莱州湾渔业船舶活动和海上捕捞作业的监管,做好黄河口、莱州浅滩等海洋生态红线区生态环境质量监测,防范商业船舶活动对周边养殖区和海洋牧场海域生态环境的不良影响.
Based on the ship automatic identification system(AIS) data,the spatial-temporal feature of fishing vessels and commercial ships activities were identified,and the potential pressure caused by marine ships on ecological red line sea area and marine functional zone in Laizhou Bay were assessed by using GIS spatial analysis and geospatial simulation methods.Results show that maritime vessel activities in Laizhou Bay are concentrated in the southwest sea area and marine functional areas,such as port shipping area,agricultural fishery area and so on;the daily and seasonal variations of fishing vessels are more obvious;the potential pressure of the marine vessel activities in the southwestern sea area of the Laizhou Bay and the northwest of Longkou port area is greater.It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of fishing activities and fishing operations in Laizhou Bay in the 9-11 months of the year.Ecological environment quality monitoring of marine ecological red line areas such as Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou shoal should be carried out,and prevent the harmful effect resulted from commercial vessel activities on the marine environment of culture zone and oceanic pasture surrounding the port and shipping zone.
Based on the ship automatic identification system(AIS) data,the spatial-temporal feature of fishing vessels and commercial ships activities were identified,and the potential pressure caused by marine ships on ecological red line sea area and marine functional zone in Laizhou Bay were assessed by using GIS spatial analysis and geospatial simulation methods.Results show that maritime vessel activities in Laizhou Bay are concentrated in the southwest sea area and marine functional areas,such as port shipping area,agricultural fishery area and so on;the daily and seasonal variations of fishing vessels are more obvious;the potential pressure of the marine vessel activities in the southwestern sea area of the Laizhou Bay and the northwest of Longkou port area is greater.It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of fishing activities and fishing operations in Laizhou Bay in the 9-11 months of the year.Ecological environment quality monitoring of marine ecological red line areas such as Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou shoal should be carried out,and prevent the harmful effect resulted from commercial vessel activities on the marine environment of culture zone and oceanic pasture surrounding the port and shipping zone.
引文
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[20]张锦峰,高学鲁,庄文,等.莱州湾渔业资源与环境变化趋势分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014(3):82-90.ZHANG J F,GAO X L,ZHUANG W,et al.Analysis of long-term changes in fishery resources and environment in the Laizhou Bay[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2014(3):82-90.(in Chinese)
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[23]尹小贝.船舶污染环境承载指数综合评价指标体系[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(S2):594-597.YIN X B.Carrying index of comprehensive evaluation index system on environmental pollution from ships[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(S2):594-597.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓东,姚琪,王鹏,等.太湖流域内河船舶污染负荷估算[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(12):129-131.LIU X D,YAO Q,WANG P,et al.Calculation on pollution load of inland river ships in Taihu lake basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,32(12):129-131.(in Chinese)
[25]马彩华,宋百慧,游奎.基于灰色关联分析法的莱州湾海洋渔业产业结构研究[J].中国渔业经济,2017,35(2):87-95.MA C H,SONG B H,YOU K.Research on Laizhou Bay's marine fishery industrial structure based on gray correlation analysis[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2017,35(2):87-95.(in Chinese)
[26]孙鹏飞,单秀娟,吴强,等.莱州湾及黄河口水域鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):367-376.SUN P F,SHAN X J,WU Q,et al.Seasonal variations in fish community structure in the Laizhou Bay and the Yellow River Estuary[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(2):367-376.(in Chinese)
[27]山东省海洋与渔业厅.2016年山东省海洋环境状况公报[R],2017.
[28]SONG D B,GAO Z Q,ZHANG H,et al.GIS-based health assessment of the marine ecosystem in Laizhou Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,125(1-2):242-249.
[2]杨帆,李捷,于淑亭,等.船舶压载水浮游生物检测方法研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):45-49.YANG F,LI J,YU S T,et al.Advances in detection of plankton in ballast water[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(4):45-49.(in Chinese)
[3]郭子坚,连军岭,王文渊,等.基于RRM的沿海港口生态风险评估方法研究[J].港工技术,2017,54(2):54-56.GUO Z J,LIAN J L,WANG W Y,et al.Research on ecological risk assessment of coastal ports based on RRM[J].Port Engineering Technology,2017,54(2):54-56.(in Chinese)
[4]曹忠祥,高国力.我国陆海统筹发展的战略内涵、思路与对策[J].中国软科学,2015(2):1-12.CAO Z X,GAO G L.The connotation of and policy recommendation for overall planning development of land and sea in China[J].China Soft Science,2015(2):1-12.(in Chinese)
[5]薛永武.海洋生态视域下的海陆统筹发展战略[J].山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2015,60(5):111-121.XUE Y W.Development strategies of unified planning of land and sea from the perspective of marine ecology[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2015,60(5):111-121.(in Chinese)
[6]PARRAVICINI V,ROVEREA A,VASSALLOA P,et al.Understanding relationships between conflicting human uses and coastal ecosystems status:A geospatial modeling approach[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,19:253-263.
[7]MURRAY C C,AGBAYANI S,ALIDINA H M,et al.Advancing marine cumulative effects mapping:An update in Canada's Pacific waters[J].Marine Policy,2015,58:71-77.
[8]MACH M E,WEDDING L M,REITER S M,et al.Assessment and management of cumulative impacts in California's network of marine protected areas[J].Ocean and Coastal Management,2017,137:1-11.
[9]DALTON T,THOMPSON R,JIN D.Mapping human dimensions in marine spatial planning and management:An example from Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island[J].Marine Policy,2010,34:309-319
[10]St MARTIN K,HALL-ARBER M.The missing layer Geo-technologies,communities,and implications for marine spatial planning[J].Marine Policy,2008,32(5):779-786.
[11]LONGLEY K,LIPSKY A.Human use characterization and visualization in marine spatial planning efforts in the Northeast[C]//Oceans-San Diego,2013:1-8.
[12]HALPERN B S,KAPPEL C V,SELKOE K A,et al.Mapping cumulative human impacts to California current marine ecosystems[J].Conservation Letters,2009,2(3):138-148.
[13]KARK C.Investigating options on how to address cumulative impacts in marine spatial planning[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014(102):139-148.
[14]刘敬贤,韩晓宝.渤海海峡船舶流的调查与分析[J].船海工程,2008,37(4):95-98.LIU J X,HAN X B.Survey and analysis of vessel traffic flow in the Bohai Strait[J].Ship&Ocean Engineering,2008,37(4):95-98.(in Chinese)
[15]金兴赋,付玉慧,张连东.基于AIS数据的成山头水域船舶交通流研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2012,38(1):33-36.JIN X F,FU Y H,ZHANG L D.Research on vessel traffic flow at Chengshantou water area based on AIS data[J].Journal of dalian Maritime University,2012,38(1):33-36.(in Chinese)
[16]王召会,王摆,吴金浩,等.海洋保护区溢油污染综合评价方法研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6):161-165.WANG Z H,WANG B,WU J H,et al.Research on comprehensive assessment method of oil spill pollution for marine protected area[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):161-165.(in Chinese)
[17]唐议,苏舒.防控船舶压载水造成的生物入侵的管理问题[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(1):130-137.TANG Y,SU S.Study on ballast water management for prevention and control of invasive species introductions[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(1):130-137.(in Chinese)
[18]王洋,朱文斌,王忠明,等.MPI在杭州湾北岸海洋环境质量评价中应用[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):132-135.WANG Y,ZHU W B,WANG Z M,et al.Assessment on marine environmental quality north bank of Hangzhou Bay by MPI[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(2):132-135.(in Chinese)
[19]徐冠球,张秋丰,屠建波,等.2015年天津市海洋生态红线区海洋环境质量综合评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2018,35(1):120-125.XU G Q,ZHANG Q F,TU J B,et al.Comprehensive assessment of marine environment quality in marine ecological redline areas of Tianjin city in 2015[J].Ocean Development and Management,2018,35(1):120-125.(in Chinese)
[20]张锦峰,高学鲁,庄文,等.莱州湾渔业资源与环境变化趋势分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014(3):82-90.ZHANG J F,GAO X L,ZHUANG W,et al.Analysis of long-term changes in fishery resources and environment in the Laizhou Bay[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2014(3):82-90.(in Chinese)
[21]山东省人民政府.山东省渤海海洋生态红线区划定方案(2013—2010)[R],2013.
[22]山东省海洋与渔业厅.山东省海洋功能区划(2011—2020)[R],2012.
[23]尹小贝.船舶污染环境承载指数综合评价指标体系[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(S2):594-597.YIN X B.Carrying index of comprehensive evaluation index system on environmental pollution from ships[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(S2):594-597.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓东,姚琪,王鹏,等.太湖流域内河船舶污染负荷估算[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(12):129-131.LIU X D,YAO Q,WANG P,et al.Calculation on pollution load of inland river ships in Taihu lake basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,32(12):129-131.(in Chinese)
[25]马彩华,宋百慧,游奎.基于灰色关联分析法的莱州湾海洋渔业产业结构研究[J].中国渔业经济,2017,35(2):87-95.MA C H,SONG B H,YOU K.Research on Laizhou Bay's marine fishery industrial structure based on gray correlation analysis[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2017,35(2):87-95.(in Chinese)
[26]孙鹏飞,单秀娟,吴强,等.莱州湾及黄河口水域鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):367-376.SUN P F,SHAN X J,WU Q,et al.Seasonal variations in fish community structure in the Laizhou Bay and the Yellow River Estuary[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(2):367-376.(in Chinese)
[27]山东省海洋与渔业厅.2016年山东省海洋环境状况公报[R],2017.
[28]SONG D B,GAO Z Q,ZHANG H,et al.GIS-based health assessment of the marine ecosystem in Laizhou Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,125(1-2):242-249.