澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园套作模式效益分析
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摘要
通过澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园套作模式研究,了解其间作效益、对土壤养分及幼树生长造成的影响,以春季套作绿肥、蚕豆、油菜、蔬菜,夏季套作大豆、生姜、甜玉米、薏仁米、蔬菜,以不套作为对照进行了分析和测定。6种套作模式均为果园降低除草成本1275元/hm~2,为农民增加零工收入5310~23460元/hm~2;距植株1 m范围以外套作甜玉米、薏仁米高秆作物对幼树生长影响不大;果园土壤有效养分有明显提高。套作蔬菜、蚕豆-生姜、蚕豆-甜玉米的产值较高,在贵州山地多数果园不具备条件;套作绿肥-大豆模式对水源、交通、土壤等条件要求较低,总体效益较高,可以在澳洲坚果山地幼龄果园中普遍推广。
Taking not interplanting as the control,designing several interplanting modes for young macadamia orchard in mountainous region( interplanting green manure,broad bean,rape and vegetable in spring; interplanting soybean,fresh ginger,sweet corn,myotonin and vegetable in summer),the author studied the benefits of various interplanting modes and their effects on the soil nutrient and young tree growth. These six kinds of intercropping modes all reduced the weeding cost of the orchard by 1275yuan/hm~2,and increased the income of farmers by 5310~ 23460 yuan/hm~2. Interplanting high-stalk crops sweet corn and myotonin 1 meter away from macadamia plants had little effect on the growth of young macadamia trees. The soil nutrient content in the orchard increased obviously after interplanting. The output value of interplanting vegetable,broad bean-fresh ginger,and broad bean-sweet corn was higher,but most of mountainous orchards in Guizhou have no interplanting conditions. The interplanting mode of green manure-soybean had low requirements for water supply,transportation and soil,and could obtain higher overall benefit. Thus this interplanting mode can be popularized in young macadamia orchard in mountainous region.
Taking not interplanting as the control,designing several interplanting modes for young macadamia orchard in mountainous region( interplanting green manure,broad bean,rape and vegetable in spring; interplanting soybean,fresh ginger,sweet corn,myotonin and vegetable in summer),the author studied the benefits of various interplanting modes and their effects on the soil nutrient and young tree growth. These six kinds of intercropping modes all reduced the weeding cost of the orchard by 1275yuan/hm~2,and increased the income of farmers by 5310~ 23460 yuan/hm~2. Interplanting high-stalk crops sweet corn and myotonin 1 meter away from macadamia plants had little effect on the growth of young macadamia trees. The soil nutrient content in the orchard increased obviously after interplanting. The output value of interplanting vegetable,broad bean-fresh ginger,and broad bean-sweet corn was higher,but most of mountainous orchards in Guizhou have no interplanting conditions. The interplanting mode of green manure-soybean had low requirements for water supply,transportation and soil,and could obtain higher overall benefit. Thus this interplanting mode can be popularized in young macadamia orchard in mountainous region.
引文
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[21]赵大宣,郑树芳.浅谈幼龄澳洲坚果园间作套种技术[J].广西热带农业,2009(1):39-40.
[22]李顺云.芒市澳洲坚果套种模式效益分析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2014,37(5):67-68.
[23]寇玲玲,耿明建,向炳清,等.不同氮磷钾用量对苕子养分吸收和累积的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(17):3522-3525.
[2]欧珍贵,周正邦.澳洲坚果在贵州南亚热带的区域适应性分析[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):66-67.
[3]陆超忠,肖邦森,孔光明,等.澳洲坚果优质高效栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[4]王俊花,邵林生,闫建宾,等.甜玉米高效栽培模式及效益分析[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(6):64-62,69.
[5]卢良恕.中国立体农业概论[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1999.
[6]王立祥,李军.农作学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]尹开庆.辣椒间种玉米生物多样性栽培技术初探[J].长江蔬菜,2009(8):50-52.
[8]安瞳昕,代平,吴伯志,等.甜玉米间作蔬菜对主要病虫害的控制效果研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,26(4):449-453.
[9]阎旭东,王铮,岳明强.玉米-辣椒套作高产高效种植模式效益分析[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(2):3-4.
[10]余文中,杨红,黎明,等.果园-辣椒套作高产高效栽培种植模式效益分析[J].广东农业科学2012,39(7):60-62.
[11]马建科.果园套种辣椒栽培技术要点[J].农业科技与信息,2008(17):29-30.
[12]黎刚,樊卫国.山地幼龄甜橙园几种间套作形式的效益与评价[J].耕作与栽培,1990(6):5-7.
[13]易显凤,赖志强,蔡小艳,等.果园套种豆科牧草试验研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(8):161-165.
[14]俞立恒,毛培春,孟林,等.京郊果园种植几种优质果园草覆盖越冬技术研究[J].草业科学,2009,26(6):166-171.
[15]董素钦.果园套种牧草对生态环境、培肥地力的影响[J].现代农业科技,2006(12):11-12.
[16]李会科,郑秋玲,赵政阳,等.黄土高原果园种植牧草根系特征的研究[J].草业学报,2008,17(2):92-96.
[17]谷艳蓉,张海伶,胡艳红,等.果园自然生草覆盖对土壤理化性状及大桃产量和品质的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):103-107.
[18]曾馥平,王克林.桂西北喀斯特地区6种退耕还林(草)模式的效应[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(2):18-22.
[19]吴佳海,牟琼,唐成斌,等.石漠化山区种草养羊技术开发[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):123-128.
[20]钏相仙,张洪波,李文伟,等.德宏地区澳洲坚果园间作咖啡高效栽培模式[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(2):24-27.
[21]赵大宣,郑树芳.浅谈幼龄澳洲坚果园间作套种技术[J].广西热带农业,2009(1):39-40.
[22]李顺云.芒市澳洲坚果套种模式效益分析[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2014,37(5):67-68.
[23]寇玲玲,耿明建,向炳清,等.不同氮磷钾用量对苕子养分吸收和累积的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(17):3522-3525.