不同施氮量对幼龄胡椒叶片碳代谢的影响
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摘要
为探讨氮素营养对胡椒叶片碳代谢过程中碳水化合物累积及相关蔗糖酶活性的影响,以胡椒‘热引1号’插条苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究施氮量0、1、2、3、4 g/盆共5个处理对胡椒叶片酸性转化酶(AI)活性、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、可溶性糖、淀粉及氮含量的影响。结果表明,适量施氮肥可以增加胡椒叶片AI、SS和SPS活性,增加可溶性糖和氮含量,施氮不足或过量均会引起胡椒叶片AI、SS和SPS活性降低。胡椒叶片可溶性糖含量与抽花穗时间及花穗数量均呈显著正相关,淀粉含量与抽花穗时间和花穗量呈显著负相关。因此,在胡椒开花期,可通过施肥等栽培措施增加叶片中可溶性糖含量,进而促进开花。
In order to evaluate the nitrogen( N) rate on pepper metabolism of carbon, an experiment was conducted with five N treatments in pots. The five N treatments named N_1, N_2, N_3, N_4 and N_5 were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/pot, respectively. Invertase( AI) activity, sucrose synthase( SS) activity, sucrose phosphate synthase( SPS)activity, soluble sugar content, starch content and nitrogen content of pepper leaves were measured to assess N rate effect on pepper metabolism of carbon. The results showed that appropriate N rate increased AI activity, SS activity, SPS activity, soluble sugar content and nitrogen content. However, insufficient N and excessive N rate reduced AI, SS, and SPS activity. The soluble sugar content of leavers was positively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. The starch content of leavers was negatively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. Therefore, during the flowering period, in order to promote early flowering and more flower spike of pepper,the content of soluble sugar in leaves should be increased by fertilization and other cultivation measures.
In order to evaluate the nitrogen( N) rate on pepper metabolism of carbon, an experiment was conducted with five N treatments in pots. The five N treatments named N_1, N_2, N_3, N_4 and N_5 were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/pot, respectively. Invertase( AI) activity, sucrose synthase( SS) activity, sucrose phosphate synthase( SPS)activity, soluble sugar content, starch content and nitrogen content of pepper leaves were measured to assess N rate effect on pepper metabolism of carbon. The results showed that appropriate N rate increased AI activity, SS activity, SPS activity, soluble sugar content and nitrogen content. However, insufficient N and excessive N rate reduced AI, SS, and SPS activity. The soluble sugar content of leavers was positively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. The starch content of leavers was negatively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. Therefore, during the flowering period, in order to promote early flowering and more flower spike of pepper,the content of soluble sugar in leaves should be increased by fertilization and other cultivation measures.
引文
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[20]张玉平,刘强,荣湘民,等.不同水稻品种(组合)碳代谢关键酶活性比较[J].中国稻米,2007(4):15-19.
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[22]邢谷杨,谭乐和,林电,等.海南省胡椒植地的养分状况[J].热带作物学报,2004,25(4):36-41.
[23]王俊忠,黄高宝,张超男,等.施氮量对不同肥力水平下夏玉米碳氮代谢及氮素利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):2 045-2 052.
[24]孙虎,李尚霞,王月福,等.施氮量对花生叶片蔗糖代谢及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2007,29(4):456-459.
[25]侯玉双,王月福,任兰天,等.氮肥对莱阳沙参碳代谢特性的影响[J].中药材,2007,30(3):264-266.
[26]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.
[27]鱼欢,邢诒彰,祖超,等.施氮量对幼龄胡椒根系生长及抽穗的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(1):19-23.
[28]李兴军,李三玉,汪国云,等.杨梅花芽孕育期间叶片酸性蔗糖酶活性及糖类含量的变化[J].四川农业大学学报,2000,18(2):164-166.
[29]曾辉,杜丽清,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果花芽分化期碳水化合物含量的变化动态[J].经济林研究,2013,31(2):65-70.
[30]王桂兰,陈超,李艳梅,等.蝴蝶兰催花及开花过程中可溶性糖含量变化的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(10):151-154.
[2]潘衍庆.中国热带作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:493-541.
[3]邢谷杨,林鸿顿.胡椒高产栽培技术[M].海南:海南出版社,2007:45-58.
[4]鱼欢,祖超,杨建峰,等.氮、磷、钾对胡椒抽穗的影响[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(10):28-32.
[5]王隆华.植物开花生理、植物生理与分子生物学进展[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:300-309.
[6]姜东,于振文,李永庚,等.施氮水平对高产小麦蔗糖含量和光合产物分配及籽粒淀粉积累的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(2):157-162.
[7]李灵芝,郭荣,李海平,等.不同氮浓度对温室番茄生长发育和叶片光谱特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):965-969.
[8]张倩,张洪生,姜雯,等.种植方式与密度对夏玉米碳、氮代谢和氮利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(5):224-230.
[9]赵福成,景立权,闫发宝,等.施氮量对甜玉米产量、品种和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):45-54.
[10]常强.龙眼反季节成化诱导与碳氮营养关系的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[11]杨建峰,祖超,李志刚,等.胡椒花穗发育过程中叶片不同营养物质动态变化研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(4):602-606.
[12]黄嘉鑫.光照对唐菖蒲花芽分化及相关理化指标影响的研究[D].黑龙江:东北农业大学,2003.
[13]张明方,李志凌.高等植物中与蔗糖代谢相关的酶[J].植物生理学通讯,2002,38(3):289-295.
[14]卢合全,沈法富,刘凌霄,等.植物蔗糖合成酶功能与分子生物学研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):34-37.
[15]Goldschmidt E E,Huber S C.Regulation of photosynthesis by end-product accumulation in leaves of plants storing starch,sucrose,and hexose sugars[J].Plant Physiology,1992,99(4):1 443-1 448.
[16]Khan W M,Prithiviraj B,Smith D L.Effect of foliar application of chitin and chitosan oligasaecharides oil photosynthesis of maize and soybean[J].Photosynthetiea,2002,40(4):621-624.
[17]Komatsu A,Takanokura Y,Moriguchi T,et al.Differential expression of three sucrose phosphate synthase isoforms during accumulation in citrus fruit(Citrus unshiu Marc.)[J].Plant Sci,1999,140:169-178.
[18]Hubbard N I,Pharr D M,Huber S E.Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species[J].Physiol Plant,1991,82:191-196.
[19]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:世界图书出版公司,2000:145-148.
[20]张玉平,刘强,荣湘民,等.不同水稻品种(组合)碳代谢关键酶活性比较[J].中国稻米,2007(4):15-19.
[21]申丽霞,王璞,兰林旺,等.施氮对夏玉米碳氮代谢与穗粒形成的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1 074-1 079.
[22]邢谷杨,谭乐和,林电,等.海南省胡椒植地的养分状况[J].热带作物学报,2004,25(4):36-41.
[23]王俊忠,黄高宝,张超男,等.施氮量对不同肥力水平下夏玉米碳氮代谢及氮素利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):2 045-2 052.
[24]孙虎,李尚霞,王月福,等.施氮量对花生叶片蔗糖代谢及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2007,29(4):456-459.
[25]侯玉双,王月福,任兰天,等.氮肥对莱阳沙参碳代谢特性的影响[J].中药材,2007,30(3):264-266.
[26]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.
[27]鱼欢,邢诒彰,祖超,等.施氮量对幼龄胡椒根系生长及抽穗的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(1):19-23.
[28]李兴军,李三玉,汪国云,等.杨梅花芽孕育期间叶片酸性蔗糖酶活性及糖类含量的变化[J].四川农业大学学报,2000,18(2):164-166.
[29]曾辉,杜丽清,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果花芽分化期碳水化合物含量的变化动态[J].经济林研究,2013,31(2):65-70.
[30]王桂兰,陈超,李艳梅,等.蝴蝶兰催花及开花过程中可溶性糖含量变化的研究[J].北方园艺,2010(10):151-154.