供磷水平对核桃苗木根系发育、幼苗生长及光合性能的影响
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摘要
以当年生核桃实生苗为试材,采用土培方法,研究了不同供磷水平对核桃实生苗根系的形态和活力、苗木生长、叶绿素含量和光合性能的影响,为幼龄核桃栽培的磷养分管理提供科学依据。结果表明:核桃根系的长度、表面积、体积、直径及活力,苗木的高度与地径,叶绿素含量与光合性能均随磷肥施用量的增加呈显著增加的趋势,施磷量增至45 mg·kg~(-1)时以上指标达最大值,若再增加磷肥用量各指标呈逐渐下降的趋势。适量施用磷肥有利于提高核桃苗木根系的长度、表面积、体积和直径;显著增强了根系活力和吸收能力;极显著地促进了干物质累积和苗木生长;提高了苗木叶片叶绿素含量和光合性能,提升了核桃实生苗的同化能力。综合分析认为,施用45 mg·kg~(-1)的磷素时有利于培育出根系发达、生长迅速、光合能力强的核桃苗木。因此,在培育核桃实生苗时应采用该施肥标准进行磷肥管理。
Walnut seedling was used as material,the soil culture experiments were employed to study the effect of different levels on the root morphology and activity,chlorophyll contents,photosynthetic characteristics of walnut seedling,to explore the effect of different phosphorus levels on the root absorption capacity,seedling growth and leaf photosynthesis capcity and provide a scientific foundation of the determination of soil phosphorus diagnostic criteria and phosphorus application for young trees.The results showed that with the phosphorus nutrition levels increasing,the length,surface area,volume,diameter and activity of the roots,plant height and ground diameter,chlorophyll contents,photosynthetic characteristics of walnut seedling increased obviously.The above index of phosphorus levels higher 45 mg·kg-1 processing decreased significantly.The length,surface area,volume and diameter of the roots increased with increasing phosphorus at low levels.The activity and absorption capacity of root increased significantly(P<0.01).Moreover,suitable amount of phosphate fertilizer enhanced the accumulation of dry matter and growth of walnut seedling.In addition,the appropriate phosphorus enhanced the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,as well as the assimilating capability of the walnut seedling.Comprehensive analysis,the amount of phosphorus for seedling was determined to be 45 mg·kg-1.At this rate,the development of walnut seedling was healthy with strong roots,growth fast-speed,and desirable photosynthetic functions.Therefore,this standard should be used for the management of phosphate fertilizer when cultivating walnut seedlings.
Walnut seedling was used as material,the soil culture experiments were employed to study the effect of different levels on the root morphology and activity,chlorophyll contents,photosynthetic characteristics of walnut seedling,to explore the effect of different phosphorus levels on the root absorption capacity,seedling growth and leaf photosynthesis capcity and provide a scientific foundation of the determination of soil phosphorus diagnostic criteria and phosphorus application for young trees.The results showed that with the phosphorus nutrition levels increasing,the length,surface area,volume,diameter and activity of the roots,plant height and ground diameter,chlorophyll contents,photosynthetic characteristics of walnut seedling increased obviously.The above index of phosphorus levels higher 45 mg·kg-1 processing decreased significantly.The length,surface area,volume and diameter of the roots increased with increasing phosphorus at low levels.The activity and absorption capacity of root increased significantly(P<0.01).Moreover,suitable amount of phosphate fertilizer enhanced the accumulation of dry matter and growth of walnut seedling.In addition,the appropriate phosphorus enhanced the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,as well as the assimilating capability of the walnut seedling.Comprehensive analysis,the amount of phosphorus for seedling was determined to be 45 mg·kg-1.At this rate,the development of walnut seedling was healthy with strong roots,growth fast-speed,and desirable photosynthetic functions.Therefore,this standard should be used for the management of phosphate fertilizer when cultivating walnut seedlings.
引文
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[2] 彭正萍,李春俭,门明新.缺磷对不同穗型小麦光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2004(8):826-830.
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[5] 牛小霞,谢亚萍,王斌,等.磷对胡麻叶和蒴果皮中叶绿素质量分数、籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(8):1189-1196.
[6] 李永夫,金松恒,叶正钱,等.低磷胁迫对山核桃幼苗根系形态和生理特征的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(2):239-245.
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[8] 王平,尹燕枰,付国占,等.施磷对小麦旗叶氮代谢关键酶活性和子粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):24-31.
[9] 王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅰ.植物激素对甘薯块根苯丙氨酸解氨酶和肉桂酸4-羟化酶活性变化及其伴随性的影响[J].植物生理学报,1981,7(4):373-378.
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[11] 严小龙.根系生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:72-75.
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[13] 王静,章林平,王利鹃,等.不同磷素水平对水稻根系生长及部分营养元素吸收的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(7):30-36.
[14] 郑丽,樊剑波,何园球,等.不同供磷水平对旱作条件下水稻生长、根系形态和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(4):664-669.
[15] HODGE A,ROBINSON D,GRIFFITHS B.S,et al.Why plans bother:Root proliferation results in increased nitrogen capture from an organic patch when two grasses compete[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1999,22(7):811-820.
[16] 臧成凤,樊卫国,潘学军.供磷水平对铁核桃实生苗生长、形态特征及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):319-330.
[17] 樊卫国,罗燕.不同磷水平下4种柑橘砧木的生长状况、根系形态和生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(3):534-545.
[18] 张东梅,宋鑫,张丽静,等.不同供磷水平对紫穗槐生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业学报,2014,31(9):1767-1773.
[19] 陈磊,王盛锋,刘荣乐,等.不同磷供应水平下小麦根系形态及根际过程的变化特征.[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):324-331.
[20] 王艳丽,刘国顺,丁松爽,等.磷用量对烤烟根系及其与地上部关系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1440-1446.
[21] 王艳丽,王京,刘国顺,等.磷施用量对烤烟根系生理及叶片光合特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):410-417.
[22] 臧成凤,樊卫国,潘学军.供磷水平对铁核桃实生苗生长、形态特征及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):319-330.
[23] 张淼,赵书岗,耿丽平,等.缺磷对不同作物根系形态及体内养分浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):577-585.
[24] FROMME P,MELKOZERNOV A,JORDAN P,et al.Structure and function of photosystem I:Interaction with its soluble electron carriers and external antenna systems[J].Febs Letters,2003,555(1):40-44.
[25] LIN Z H,CHEN L S,CHEN R B,et al.CO2 assimilation,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,carbohydrates and photosynthetic electron transport probed by the JIP-test,of tea leaves in response to phosphorus supply[J].Bmc Plant Biology,2009,9(1):43.
[26] RODRíGUEZ D,ANDRADE F H,GOUDRIAAN J.Effects of phosphorus nutrition on tiller emergence in wheat[J].Plant & Soil,1999,209(2):283-295.
[27] 姜宗庆,李成忠,汤庚国.薄壳山核桃光合生理特性对磷素响应的研究[J].北方园艺,2018(1):19-22.
[28] 樊卫国,王立新.不同供磷水平对纽荷尔脐橙幼树生长及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(4):714-725.
[29] 袁继存,赵德英,徐锴,等.不同供磷水平对富士苹果光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(6):112-114.
[30] 江厚龙,徐宸,汪代斌,等.不同磷素水平对烟苗根系生长和光合生理特性的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(7):656-661.
[31] 张永丽,李雁鸣,肖凯,等.不同氮、磷用量对杂种小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):231-236.
[32] CORDELL D,DRANGERT J.O,WHITE S.The story of phosphorus:Global food security and food for thought[J].Global Environmental Change,2009,19(2):292-305.
[33] MACHLER F,NOSBERGER J.Influence of inorganic phosphate on photosynthesis of wheat chloroplast Ⅱ.Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1984,35:488-494.
[34] 樊卫国,王立新.纽荷尔脐橙幼树对不同供磷水平的光合响应[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):166-170.
[35] 刘建福.磷胁迫对澳洲坚果幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,32(2):39-48.
[2] 彭正萍,李春俭,门明新.缺磷对不同穗型小麦光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2004(8):826-830.
[3] 韦如萍,胡德活,陈金慧,等.低磷胁迫下杉木无性系根系形态及养分利用响应研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(2):1-8.
[4] 贺军军,林钊沐,华元刚,等.不同施磷水平对橡胶树根系活力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(1):16-19,30.
[5] 牛小霞,谢亚萍,王斌,等.磷对胡麻叶和蒴果皮中叶绿素质量分数、籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(8):1189-1196.
[6] 李永夫,金松恒,叶正钱,等.低磷胁迫对山核桃幼苗根系形态和生理特征的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(2):239-245.
[7] 陈钢,吴礼树,李煜华,等.不同供磷水平对西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1189-192.
[8] 王平,尹燕枰,付国占,等.施磷对小麦旗叶氮代谢关键酶活性和子粒蛋白质含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):24-31.
[9] 王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅰ.植物激素对甘薯块根苯丙氨酸解氨酶和肉桂酸4-羟化酶活性变化及其伴随性的影响[J].植物生理学报,1981,7(4):373-378.
[10] 萧浪涛,王三根.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:110-114.
[11] 严小龙.根系生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:72-75.
[12] RAGHOTHAMA K G.Phosphate acquisition[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1999,50:665-693.
[13] 王静,章林平,王利鹃,等.不同磷素水平对水稻根系生长及部分营养元素吸收的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(7):30-36.
[14] 郑丽,樊剑波,何园球,等.不同供磷水平对旱作条件下水稻生长、根系形态和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(4):664-669.
[15] HODGE A,ROBINSON D,GRIFFITHS B.S,et al.Why plans bother:Root proliferation results in increased nitrogen capture from an organic patch when two grasses compete[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1999,22(7):811-820.
[16] 臧成凤,樊卫国,潘学军.供磷水平对铁核桃实生苗生长、形态特征及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):319-330.
[17] 樊卫国,罗燕.不同磷水平下4种柑橘砧木的生长状况、根系形态和生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(3):534-545.
[18] 张东梅,宋鑫,张丽静,等.不同供磷水平对紫穗槐生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业学报,2014,31(9):1767-1773.
[19] 陈磊,王盛锋,刘荣乐,等.不同磷供应水平下小麦根系形态及根际过程的变化特征.[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):324-331.
[20] 王艳丽,刘国顺,丁松爽,等.磷用量对烤烟根系及其与地上部关系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1440-1446.
[21] 王艳丽,王京,刘国顺,等.磷施用量对烤烟根系生理及叶片光合特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):410-417.
[22] 臧成凤,樊卫国,潘学军.供磷水平对铁核桃实生苗生长、形态特征及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(2):319-330.
[23] 张淼,赵书岗,耿丽平,等.缺磷对不同作物根系形态及体内养分浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):577-585.
[24] FROMME P,MELKOZERNOV A,JORDAN P,et al.Structure and function of photosystem I:Interaction with its soluble electron carriers and external antenna systems[J].Febs Letters,2003,555(1):40-44.
[25] LIN Z H,CHEN L S,CHEN R B,et al.CO2 assimilation,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,carbohydrates and photosynthetic electron transport probed by the JIP-test,of tea leaves in response to phosphorus supply[J].Bmc Plant Biology,2009,9(1):43.
[26] RODRíGUEZ D,ANDRADE F H,GOUDRIAAN J.Effects of phosphorus nutrition on tiller emergence in wheat[J].Plant & Soil,1999,209(2):283-295.
[27] 姜宗庆,李成忠,汤庚国.薄壳山核桃光合生理特性对磷素响应的研究[J].北方园艺,2018(1):19-22.
[28] 樊卫国,王立新.不同供磷水平对纽荷尔脐橙幼树生长及叶片营养元素含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(4):714-725.
[29] 袁继存,赵德英,徐锴,等.不同供磷水平对富士苹果光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(6):112-114.
[30] 江厚龙,徐宸,汪代斌,等.不同磷素水平对烟苗根系生长和光合生理特性的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(7):656-661.
[31] 张永丽,李雁鸣,肖凯,等.不同氮、磷用量对杂种小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):231-236.
[32] CORDELL D,DRANGERT J.O,WHITE S.The story of phosphorus:Global food security and food for thought[J].Global Environmental Change,2009,19(2):292-305.
[33] MACHLER F,NOSBERGER J.Influence of inorganic phosphate on photosynthesis of wheat chloroplast Ⅱ.Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1984,35:488-494.
[34] 樊卫国,王立新.纽荷尔脐橙幼树对不同供磷水平的光合响应[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):166-170.
[35] 刘建福.磷胁迫对澳洲坚果幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,32(2):39-48.