飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试技术
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摘要
飞秒激光在激光核聚变、卫星精密测距、激光微加工等领域具有重要的应用前景,同时也是产生太赫兹波的主要泵浦源。介绍了国内外飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试方法,比较了自相关法、频率分辨光学快门法、光谱相位相干直接电场重构法的优缺点。自相关法具有脉宽测量范围广、结构简单等特点,但不具备脉冲波形测试能力。光谱相位相干直接电场重构法对待测激光光束质量要求较高,不适合大量程范围激光脉宽快速测量。为满足10fs～5ps大量程范围超短激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试需求,采用自相关法及二次谐波频率分辨光学开关法研制飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试仪,时间分辨率优于2fs。
Femto-second laser has an important application prospect in the fields of laser fusion,satellite precision ranging,laser micromachining,etc.And it is the main pump source of terahertz(THz)wave.The principles of the measurement methods of femto-second laser pulse width and pulse waveform are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods of autocorrrelation(AC),frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG),and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction(SPIDER)are presented.The AC is characterized by wide range of pulse width measurement and compact structure,however it does not have the ability of pulse waveform measurement.The SPIDER requires high quality of input laser beam and it is not suitable for fast measurement of laser pulse width in a large range.In order to meet the test requirements of ultra-short laser pulse width and pulse waveform in the range of 10 fs to 5 ps,a femto-second laser pulse width and pulse waveform measurement device was developed by using AC and FROG methods,and the time resolution is better than 2 fs.
Femto-second laser has an important application prospect in the fields of laser fusion,satellite precision ranging,laser micromachining,etc.And it is the main pump source of terahertz(THz)wave.The principles of the measurement methods of femto-second laser pulse width and pulse waveform are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods of autocorrrelation(AC),frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG),and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction(SPIDER)are presented.The AC is characterized by wide range of pulse width measurement and compact structure,however it does not have the ability of pulse waveform measurement.The SPIDER requires high quality of input laser beam and it is not suitable for fast measurement of laser pulse width in a large range.In order to meet the test requirements of ultra-short laser pulse width and pulse waveform in the range of 10 fs to 5 ps,a femto-second laser pulse width and pulse waveform measurement device was developed by using AC and FROG methods,and the time resolution is better than 2 fs.
引文
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[16]WEN Ruhong,LIU Tianfu.Error of spectral intensity and phase of femtosecond laser pulse using SPI-DER technique[J].J.China Jiliang Univ.,2006,17(2):114-118.文汝红,刘天夫.用SPIDER法还原飞秒脉冲振幅和相位误差[J].中国计量学院学报,2006,17(2):114-118.
[17]WEN Ruhong,LIU Tianfu.Optimization of parameters on reconstruction of phase of femtosecond laser pulse with SPIDER[J].J.Appl.Opt.,2006,27(4):340-343.文汝红,刘天夫.用SPIDER法重构飞秒脉冲位相中参数的选择[J].应用光学,2006,27(4):340-343.
[18]ZHANG Suxia,LI Fangjia,LIU Jun.Research progress of self-referenced spectral interferometry on the characterization of femtosecond pulses[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(1):010001.张素侠,李方家,刘军.自参考光谱干涉法测量飞秒脉冲的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(1):010001.
[2]WU Tengfei,LIANG Zhiguo,YAN Jiahua,et al.The progress on distance measuring technique with a femtosecond optical frequency comb[J].Metrology&Measurement Technology,2011,31(5):41-44.武腾飞,梁志国,严家骅,等.飞秒光学频率梳测距技术的研究进展[J].计测技术,2011,31(5):41-44.
[3]HUA Qing,ZHOU Weihu,XU Yan.Review of absolute distance measurement with femtosecond optical frequency comb[J].Metrology&Measurement Technology,2012,32(1):1-5.华卿,周维虎,许艳.飞秒激光频率梳绝对测距技术综述[J].计测技术,2012,32(1):1-5.
[4]GU Li,SUN Huilai,YU Kai,et al.Research progress of micro-nanofabrication by femtosecond laser[J].Laser&Infrared,2013,43(1):14-18.顾理,孙会来,于楷,等.飞秒激光微加工的研究进展[J].激光与红外,2013,43(1):14-18.
[5]ZHANG Zhigang.Femtosecond laser technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.张志刚.飞秒激光技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[6]GALLMANN L,SUTTER D H,MATUSCHEKN,et al.Techniques for the characterization of sub-10-fs optical pulses:a comparison[J].Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics,2000,1:S67-S75.
[7]DENG Yuqiang,SUN Qing,CAO Shiying,et al.Measurement of ultrashort optical pulses[M].US:Wiley,2012.
[8]TREBINO R.Frequency-resolved optical gating:the measurement of ultrashort laser pulse[M].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002.
[9]CHAI Lu,GAO Feng,WANG Qingyue,et al.Advances in the diagnostic techniques of femtosecond optical pulses[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2002,13(6):647-651.柴路,高峰,王清月,等.飞秒脉冲测量技术的新进展[J].光电子·激光,2002,13(6):647-651.
[10]WANG Zhaohua,WEI Zhiyi,TENG Hao,et al.Measurement of femtosecond laser pulses using SHGfrequency-resolved optical gating technique[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2003,52(2):362-366.王兆华,魏志义,滕浩,等.飞秒激光脉冲的谐波频率分辨光学开关法测量研究[J].物理学报,2003,52(2):362-366.
[11]YAO Yao.Research on ultrashort pulse measurement with GRENOUILLE[D].Harbin:Harbin U-niversity of Science and Technology,2012.姚尧.超短脉冲单发频率分辨光学开关法测量技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2012.
[12]LU Linlin,JIA Yudong,ZHANG Xiaoqing.Research progress of frequency resolved optical gating femtosecond pulse width measurement technology[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2015,52(7):40-46.鲁琳琳,贾豫东,张晓青.频率分辨光学开关法飞秒脉宽测量技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2015,52(7):40-46.
[13]IACONIS C,WALMSLEY I A.Self-referencing spectral interferometry for measuring ultrashort optical pulses[J].IEEE J.Quantum Electron,1999,35:501-509.
[14]WANG Peng,WANG Zhaohua,WEI Zhiyi,et al.Measurement of spectral phase of femotosecond laser pulse using SPIDER technique[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2004,53(9):3004-3009.王鹏,王兆华,魏志义,等.用SPIDER法测量飞秒激光脉冲的光谱相位[J].物理学报,2004,53(9):3004-3009.
[15]HE Tieying,CHAI Lu,WANG Qingyue,et al.Realization and analysis for a SPIDER apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2004,31(s1):152-154.何铁英,柴路,王清月,等.SPIDER光谱相位干涉议的实现及相关理论分析[J].中国激光,2004,31(s1):152-154.
[16]WEN Ruhong,LIU Tianfu.Error of spectral intensity and phase of femtosecond laser pulse using SPI-DER technique[J].J.China Jiliang Univ.,2006,17(2):114-118.文汝红,刘天夫.用SPIDER法还原飞秒脉冲振幅和相位误差[J].中国计量学院学报,2006,17(2):114-118.
[17]WEN Ruhong,LIU Tianfu.Optimization of parameters on reconstruction of phase of femtosecond laser pulse with SPIDER[J].J.Appl.Opt.,2006,27(4):340-343.文汝红,刘天夫.用SPIDER法重构飞秒脉冲位相中参数的选择[J].应用光学,2006,27(4):340-343.
[18]ZHANG Suxia,LI Fangjia,LIU Jun.Research progress of self-referenced spectral interferometry on the characterization of femtosecond pulses[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2014,51(1):010001.张素侠,李方家,刘军.自参考光谱干涉法测量飞秒脉冲的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2014,51(1):010001.