基于连续和脉冲激光泵浦的相关光子实验比对
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摘要
为在相关光子定标技术工程化过程中选择合适的泵浦机制及相位匹配模式,开展了基于连续和脉冲激光的相关光子比对实验.采用355nm连续激光泵浦偏硼酸钡晶体产生相关光子对,对晶体吸收、透射损耗以及光学元件透过率进行测量和修正,同时使用基于时间幅度转换的符合测量方法,得到单光子探测器量子效率为59.15%.利用518nm脉冲激光泵浦周期极化磷酸钛氧钾晶体,采用准相位匹配技术获取相同波段的相关光子,基于时间幅度转换的符合测量方法得到单光子探测器量子效率为59%.比对实验结果,两套定标装置方法的测量结果之差在0.25%以内,主要误差来源于单光子探测器的响应非线性、光路透过率修正误差和单光子探测量子效率面非均匀性.实验结果验证了相关光子定标技术可随时随地复现的优点,以及相关光子定标结果不受泵浦机制差异和实验装置差异的影响,可为相关光子技术工程化中的激光器工作模式和相位匹配方式的选择提供参考依据.
The calibration accuracy was checked by the comparison of experimental measurements from different laboratories.To select the appropriate pumping mechanism and phase matching mode in the engineering process of correlated photon technology,the intercomparison of correlated photon method based on continuous wave and pulsed laser pumping was carried out.The 355 nm continuous wave laser was used to pump the beta-barium borate crystal to generate correlated photon pairs.The quantum efficiency of single photon detector was measured by correcting the absorption and transmission loss in crystal and mesuring the transmission of optical elements.The calibration result of quantum efficiency based on coincidence measurement is 59.15%.Moreover,the 518 nm pulsed laser was used to pump periodically polarized potassium titanium phosphate crystal.Quasi-phase matching technique was used to get the same wavelength correlated photon.The measurement result of quantum efficiency of single photon detector is 59%.The nonuniformity of measurement results between two calibration devices is less than 0.25%.The main error sources of the intercomparison experiment result from the nonlinearity of single photon detector,the measurement error of optical elements transmission and the homogeneity of single photon detector.The advantages of the correlated photon technology which can be reproduced anytime and anywhere are verificated.In fact,the results obtained by correlated photon method is not affected by the diversity of laser pumping mechanism and phase matching modes.This conclusion has certain guiding significance for the choice of laser pumping mechanisms and phase matching modes in the engineering design process of correlated photon technology.
The calibration accuracy was checked by the comparison of experimental measurements from different laboratories.To select the appropriate pumping mechanism and phase matching mode in the engineering process of correlated photon technology,the intercomparison of correlated photon method based on continuous wave and pulsed laser pumping was carried out.The 355 nm continuous wave laser was used to pump the beta-barium borate crystal to generate correlated photon pairs.The quantum efficiency of single photon detector was measured by correcting the absorption and transmission loss in crystal and mesuring the transmission of optical elements.The calibration result of quantum efficiency based on coincidence measurement is 59.15%.Moreover,the 518 nm pulsed laser was used to pump periodically polarized potassium titanium phosphate crystal.Quasi-phase matching technique was used to get the same wavelength correlated photon.The measurement result of quantum efficiency of single photon detector is 59%.The nonuniformity of measurement results between two calibration devices is less than 0.25%.The main error sources of the intercomparison experiment result from the nonlinearity of single photon detector,the measurement error of optical elements transmission and the homogeneity of single photon detector.The advantages of the correlated photon technology which can be reproduced anytime and anywhere are verificated.In fact,the results obtained by correlated photon method is not affected by the diversity of laser pumping mechanism and phase matching modes.This conclusion has certain guiding significance for the choice of laser pumping mechanisms and phase matching modes in the engineering design process of correlated photon technology.
引文
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[27] DHOSKA K,HOFER H,RODIEK B,et al.Improvement of the detection efficiency calibration and homogeneity measurement of Si-SPAD detectors[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(2065):1-14.
[2] NIGEL F,ANDREA K,WERNER S,et al.Accurate radiometry from space:an essential tool for climate studies[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,2011,369:4028-4063.
[3] LI J J,ZHENG X B,LU Y J,et al.Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2008,6(7):472-475.
[4] LOUISELL W H,YARIV A and SIEGMAN A E.Quantum fluctuations and noise in parametric processes.I.[J].Physical Review,1961,124(6):1646-1654.
[5] BURNHAM D C,WEINBERG D L.Observation of simultaneity in parametric production of optical photon pairs[J].Physical Review Letters,1970,25(2):84-87.
[6] HONG C K,MANDEL L.Theory of parametric frequency down conversion of light[J].Physical Review A,1985,31(4):2409-2418.
[7] KLYSHKO D N.Use of two-photon light for absolute calibration of photonelectric detectors[J].Society Journal Quantum Electron,1980,10(11):1112-1116.
[8] PENIN A N,SERGIENKO A V.Absolute standardless calibration of photodetectors based on quantum two-photon fields[J].Applied Optics,1991,30(29):3582-3588.
[9] GHAZI-BELLOUATI A,RAZETA A,BASTIE J,et al.Detector calibration at INM using a correlated photons source[J].Europen Physical Journal Applied Physics,2006,35(3):211-216.
[10] BRIDA G,CASTELLETO S,NOVRO C.Measurement of quantum efficiency of photodetectors by parametric fluorescence[J].Metrologia,1998,35(4):379-401.
[11] CHEUNG J Y,CHUNNILALL C J,THOMAS P J,et al.Photon-counting measurement challenges[C].SPIE,2007,6583:65830G.
[12] POLYAKOV S V,MIGDALL A L.High accuracy verification of a correlated photon-based method for determining photon-counting detection efficiency[J].Optics Express,2007,15(4):1390-1404.
[13] MIGDALL A,CASTELLETTO S,DEGIOVANNI I P,et al.Intercomparison of a correlated-photon-based method to measure detector quantum efficiency[J].Appied Optics,2002,41(15):2914-2922.
[14] GHAZI-BELLOUATI A,RAZET A,BASTIE J,et al.Radiometric reference for weak radiations:comparison of methods[J].Metrologia,2005,42(4):271-277.
[15] CHEUNG J Y,CHUNNILALL C J,PORROVECCHIO G,et al.Low optical power reference detector implemented in the validation of two independent techniques for calibrating phootn-counting detectors[J].Optics Experss,2011,19(21):20347-20363.
[16] LOPEZ M,HOFER H,KUCK S.Detection efficiency calibration of single-photon silicon avalanche photondiodes traceable using double attenuator technique[J].Journal of Modern Optics,2015,62(20):1732-1738.
[17] PORROVECCHIO G,SMID M,LOPEZ M,et al.Comparison at the sub-100fW optical power level of calibrating a single-photon detector using a high-sensitive,low-noise silicon photondiode and the double attenuator technique[J].Metrologia,2016,53(4):1115-1122.
[18] GUO Yuan-yuan,GAO Dong-yang,HU You-bo,et al.Experimental research on single-photon detector calibration and comparison for the collinear and nonlinear phase matching modes[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(2):0223001.郭园园,高冬阳,胡友勃,等.共线和非共线模式下单光子探测器定标比对实验研究[J].光子学报,2017,46(2):0223001.
[19] LI Jian-jun,ZHENG Xiao-bing,LU Yun-jun,et al.Optical radiometric calibration based on parametric downconversion effect[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2008,28(12):2325-2329.李健军,郑小兵,卢云君,等.基于参量下转换效应的光辐射定标方法[J].光学学报,2008,28(12):2325-2329.
[20] GAO Dong-yang,HU You-bo,LIU Yan,et al.Photoelectric detection efficiency calibration of double channe selfcalibration radiation reference source[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(11):1130001.高冬阳,胡友勃,刘岩,等.双通道自校准光谱辐射源光电探测效率的定标[J].光学学报,2016,36(11):1130001.
[21] ZHAO K,LIU C M,CHEN H D,et al.Measurement of InGaAs single photon detector quantum efficiency at 1550nm[C].SPIE,2015,9449:94492Y.
[22] SHI Xue-shun,LIU Chang-ming,ZHAO Kun,et al.Measurement system for quantum efficiency of the single photon detector based on correlated photon[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(3):0304001.史学舜,刘长明,赵坤,等.基于相关光子的单光子探测器量子效率测量系统[J].光子学报,2017,46(3):0304001.
[23] LU Liang,ZHANG Yin-chao,LIN Yan-dong.Research on absolute calibration of photondetector quantum-efficiency using entangled photons[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2012,32(1):0112004.吕亮,张寅超,林延东.纠缠光子法绝对定标光电探测器量子效率的研究[J].光学学报,2012,32(1):0112004.
[24] WU L A,CHEN X H,ZHAI Y.H,et al.Absolute self-calibration of single-photon detectors with cw and pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion[C].SPIE,2006,6305:630505.
[25] LI X Y,MA X X,QUAN L M,et al.Quantum efficiency measurement of single-photon detectors using photon pairs generated in optical fibers[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2010,27(9):1857-1865.
[26] HU You-bo,LI Jian-jun,XIA Mao-peng,et al.Measurement and correction of linearity of photon counters[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(6):0604001.胡友勃,李健军,夏茂鹏,等.光子计数器的线性测量和修正[J].光子学报,2016,45(6):0604001.
[27] DHOSKA K,HOFER H,RODIEK B,et al.Improvement of the detection efficiency calibration and homogeneity measurement of Si-SPAD detectors[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(2065):1-14.