光学三角测量法及其在人体测量中的应用
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摘要
光学三角测量法是以共线方程为基础,利用物体、光源、相机之间的三角关系直接进行几何解算的光学测量方法,是光学三维测量的基本方法。通过回顾国内人体测量研究的现状,指出原理研究对于相关研究的重要性。依据光学三维测量的相关分类,以共线方程为基本出发点,分析了简单照相法的原理缺陷,对于被动三角测量法和主动三角测量法之激光片光法、格雷编码光栅法的测量原理予以清晰描述。同时对不同方法及在人体测量方面的应用特点做了总结,并讨论了红外人体测量的认识误区。
Optical triangulation is a basic profilometry based on the collinear equation by using the triangular relationship between the object,light source and a camera to get the direct solution geometrically.This paper reviewed the domestic anthropometric studies,and pointed out the importance of the principle research to the relative exploration.According to the classification of optical profilometry,and following the collinear equation,the faults of simple photogrammetry in body measurement were pointed out,and the principles of the passive triangular method,the laser sectioning,and Gray code grating method of active triangulation were described mathematically.The features of each method on body scanning were summed up and the misunderstandings about infrared body scanning were also discussed.
Optical triangulation is a basic profilometry based on the collinear equation by using the triangular relationship between the object,light source and a camera to get the direct solution geometrically.This paper reviewed the domestic anthropometric studies,and pointed out the importance of the principle research to the relative exploration.According to the classification of optical profilometry,and following the collinear equation,the faults of simple photogrammetry in body measurement were pointed out,and the principles of the passive triangular method,the laser sectioning,and Gray code grating method of active triangulation were described mathematically.The features of each method on body scanning were summed up and the misunderstandings about infrared body scanning were also discussed.
引文
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[10]陈益松,吴新侠.双频光栅相位法应用于三维人体测量[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2011,37(6):736-739.CHEN Yisong,WU Xinxia.The dual-frequency gratingphase measuring profilometry for 3D human bodymeasurement[J].Journal of Donghua University:Natural Science Edition,2011,37(6):736-739.
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[13]王晓林,陈伟民,黄尚廉.光学三维轮廓测量方法分析及比较[J].测试技术学报,1997,11(3):29-34.WANG Xiaolin,CHEN Weimin,HUANG Shanglian.Analysis and comparison of optical 3-D profile-metry[J].Journal of Test and Measurement Technique,1997,11(3):29-34.
[14]郝煜栋,赵洋,李达成.光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述[J].光学技术,1998(5):57-60.HAO Yudong,ZHAO Yang,LI Dacheng.Review ofoptical profilometry based on light patternprojection[J].Optical Technology,1998(5):57-60.
[15]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳.基于图像的精密测量与运动测量[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:94-101..YU Qifeng,LU Hongwei,LIU Xiaolin.The PrecisionMeasurement and Dynamic Measurement Based onImage[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:94-101.
[16]胡海滔,吴星玮,李志忠.照相法测量人体尺寸的误差验证[J].实验技术与管理,2005,22(12):36-38.HU Haitao,WU Xingwei,LI Zhizhong.The verificationof photometry error in body measurement[J].TestTechnology&Management,2005,22(12):36-38.
[17]李晓久,朱广舟.人体胸围尺寸灰色模型建立[J].纺织学报,2005,26(5):77-79.LI Xiaojiu,ZHU Guangzhou.Establishment of greymodels of human bust[J].Journal of Textile Research,2005,26(5):77-79.
[18]徐枫,张浩,郑嵘.照相测量中胸围拟合的回归分析[J].纺织学报,2006,27(8):49-52.XU Feng,ZHANG Hao,ZHENG Rong.Prediction forbust girth using regression analysis from photographicand anthropometric data[J].Journal of TextileResearch,2006,27(8):49-52.
[19]李清光,李得华高岑,等.基于图像序列的三维人体扫描仪[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(5):26-34.LI Qingguang,LI Dehua,GAO Cen,et al.3D humanbody scanner based on the image sequence[J].J Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech:Natural ScienceEdition,2008,36(5):26-34.
[20]HARTLAY Richard I.Triangulation[J].ComputerVision and Image Understanding,1997,68(2):146-157.
[21]张广军.机器视觉[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:112-122.ZHANG Guangjun.Machine Vision[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:112-122.
[22]孙长库,叶声华.激光测量技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2001:129.SUN Changku,YE Shenghua.Laser MeasurementTechnology[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,2001:129.
[23]COODALL A J,Burton D R.The future 3-D rangeimage measurement using binary-encoded patternprojection[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering,1994,21(1-2):99-110.
[24]VALKENBURG R J,MCIVOR A M.Accurate 3Dmeasurement using a structured light system[J].Imageand Vision Computing,1998,16:99-110.
[25]SALVI J,PAGES J,BATLLE J.Pattern codificationstrategies in structured light systems[J].PatternRecognition,2004,37:827-849.
[26]于晓洋,吴海滨.基于条纹边沿解码的结构光三维测量技术[J].电子器件,2008,31(2):389-392.YU Xiaoyang,WU Haibin.3D measurement technologyby structured light based on fringe edge decoding[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2008,31(2):389-392.
[27]徐继红,张文斌.非接触三维人体扫描技术的综述[J].扬州职业大学学报,2006(3):49-53.XU Jihong,ZHANG Wenbin.Review of non-contact 3Dbody scanning technology[J].Journal of YangzhouPolytechnic College,2006(3):49-53.
[28]苏军强,袁卫娟,刘国联.三维人体扫描仪性能评价[J].纺织导报,2010(1):77-78.SU Junqiang,YUAN Weijuan,LIU Guolian.Evaluationof 3D body scanners'properties[J].China TextileLeader,2010(1):77-78.
[29]彭三城,孙星明,刘国华,等.三维人体自动测量技术综述[J].计算机应用研究,2005(4):1-5.PENG Sancheng,SUN Xingming,LIU Guohua,et al.Survey on 3D human body auto-measurementtechnology[J].Application Research of Computers.2005(4):1-5.
[30]李勇,付小莉.基于红外的三维人体测量系统[J].纺织学报,2003,24(1):69-71.LI Yong,FU Xiaoli.The study of infrared-based auto-measurement system of 3D human body[J].Journal ofTextile Research,2003,24(1):69-71.
[2]张颖,邹奉元,丁笑君.基于三维测量的模特体形研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2005,22(1):25-28.ZHANG YING,ZOU Fengyuan,DING Xiaojun.Analysis of model figure based on three dimensionalmeasurement[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-TechUniversity,2005,22(1):25-28.
[3]李燕,黄凯.基于Geomagic的三维人体建模技术[J].纺织学报,2008,29(5):130-135.LI Yan,HUANG Kai.Technique of 3D human bodymodeling based on Geomagic[J].Journal of TextileResearch.2008,29(5):130-135.
[4]钱晓农,尹兵.基于三维人体测量的人体体型细分识别的研究[J].纺织学报,2011,32(2):117-120.QIAN Xiaonong,YIN Bing.Research on subdividing ofhuman body recognition based on 3D bodymeasurement[J].Journal of Textile Research,2011,32(2):117-120.
[5]李晓久,王玉秀.二维非接触式人体测量系统中臀围的计算[J].纺织学报,2004,25(4):98-102.LI Xiaojiu,WANG Yuxiu.The hip girth calculation inplanar non-contact body measurement system[J].Journal of Textile Research,2004,25(4):98-102.
[6]葛彦,刘国联.用于服装业的照相人体测量方法研究[J].纺织学报,2007,28(10):78-82.GE Yan,LIU Guolian.Study on photogrammetricmeasurement of body in apparel industry[J].Journal ofTextile Research,2007,28(10):78-82.
[7]方金,任立红,丁永生,等.一种采用单相机的三维人体测量方法[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2010,36(5):536-540.FANG Jin,REN Lihong,DING Yongsheng,et al.A3D body measurement method with a single camera[J].Journal of Donghua University:Natural Science Edition,2010,36(5):536-540.
[8]丁其湄,荣国浚,苏红宇.相位测量技术在人体尺寸自动测量中的应用[J].北京服装学院学报,1992,12(2):54-59.DING Qimei,RONG Guojun,SHU Hongyu.Phasetechnology in application of body sizes automatemeasurement[J].Journal of Beijing Institute.of FashionTechnology,1992,12(2):54-59.
[9]李晓志,李晓久,王玉秀.基于人体扫描线点云的光顺去噪[J].纺织学报,2010,31(3):133-137.LI Xiaozhi,LI Xiaojiu,WANG Yuxiu.Denoising andsmoothing based on 3-D body scan line point clouddate[J].Journal of Textile Research,2010,31(3):133-137.
[10]陈益松,吴新侠.双频光栅相位法应用于三维人体测量[J].东华大学学报:自然科学版,2011,37(6):736-739.CHEN Yisong,WU Xinxia.The dual-frequency gratingphase measuring profilometry for 3D human bodymeasurement[J].Journal of Donghua University:Natural Science Edition,2011,37(6):736-739.
[11]葛宝臻,孙明睿,吕且妮,等.光带法激光三维人体扫描系统的研究[J].光电子.激光,2003,14(7):733-736.GE Baozhen,SUN Mingrui,LQieni,et al.Researchof a laser 3D body scanning system by light stripe method[J].Journal of Optoelectrionics.Laser,2003,14(7):733-736.
[12]杨云涛,石志勇,吕建刚,等.非接触式人体三维测量系统的研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2007,15(9):1135-1137.YANG Yuntao,SHI Zhiyong,LJiangang,et al.Studyof system for non-contact body 3D measurement[J].Computer Measurement&Control,2007,15(9):1135-1137.
[13]王晓林,陈伟民,黄尚廉.光学三维轮廓测量方法分析及比较[J].测试技术学报,1997,11(3):29-34.WANG Xiaolin,CHEN Weimin,HUANG Shanglian.Analysis and comparison of optical 3-D profile-metry[J].Journal of Test and Measurement Technique,1997,11(3):29-34.
[14]郝煜栋,赵洋,李达成.光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述[J].光学技术,1998(5):57-60.HAO Yudong,ZHAO Yang,LI Dacheng.Review ofoptical profilometry based on light patternprojection[J].Optical Technology,1998(5):57-60.
[15]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳.基于图像的精密测量与运动测量[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:94-101..YU Qifeng,LU Hongwei,LIU Xiaolin.The PrecisionMeasurement and Dynamic Measurement Based onImage[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:94-101.
[16]胡海滔,吴星玮,李志忠.照相法测量人体尺寸的误差验证[J].实验技术与管理,2005,22(12):36-38.HU Haitao,WU Xingwei,LI Zhizhong.The verificationof photometry error in body measurement[J].TestTechnology&Management,2005,22(12):36-38.
[17]李晓久,朱广舟.人体胸围尺寸灰色模型建立[J].纺织学报,2005,26(5):77-79.LI Xiaojiu,ZHU Guangzhou.Establishment of greymodels of human bust[J].Journal of Textile Research,2005,26(5):77-79.
[18]徐枫,张浩,郑嵘.照相测量中胸围拟合的回归分析[J].纺织学报,2006,27(8):49-52.XU Feng,ZHANG Hao,ZHENG Rong.Prediction forbust girth using regression analysis from photographicand anthropometric data[J].Journal of TextileResearch,2006,27(8):49-52.
[19]李清光,李得华高岑,等.基于图像序列的三维人体扫描仪[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(5):26-34.LI Qingguang,LI Dehua,GAO Cen,et al.3D humanbody scanner based on the image sequence[J].J Huazhong Univ of Sci&Tech:Natural ScienceEdition,2008,36(5):26-34.
[20]HARTLAY Richard I.Triangulation[J].ComputerVision and Image Understanding,1997,68(2):146-157.
[21]张广军.机器视觉[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:112-122.ZHANG Guangjun.Machine Vision[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:112-122.
[22]孙长库,叶声华.激光测量技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2001:129.SUN Changku,YE Shenghua.Laser MeasurementTechnology[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,2001:129.
[23]COODALL A J,Burton D R.The future 3-D rangeimage measurement using binary-encoded patternprojection[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering,1994,21(1-2):99-110.
[24]VALKENBURG R J,MCIVOR A M.Accurate 3Dmeasurement using a structured light system[J].Imageand Vision Computing,1998,16:99-110.
[25]SALVI J,PAGES J,BATLLE J.Pattern codificationstrategies in structured light systems[J].PatternRecognition,2004,37:827-849.
[26]于晓洋,吴海滨.基于条纹边沿解码的结构光三维测量技术[J].电子器件,2008,31(2):389-392.YU Xiaoyang,WU Haibin.3D measurement technologyby structured light based on fringe edge decoding[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2008,31(2):389-392.
[27]徐继红,张文斌.非接触三维人体扫描技术的综述[J].扬州职业大学学报,2006(3):49-53.XU Jihong,ZHANG Wenbin.Review of non-contact 3Dbody scanning technology[J].Journal of YangzhouPolytechnic College,2006(3):49-53.
[28]苏军强,袁卫娟,刘国联.三维人体扫描仪性能评价[J].纺织导报,2010(1):77-78.SU Junqiang,YUAN Weijuan,LIU Guolian.Evaluationof 3D body scanners'properties[J].China TextileLeader,2010(1):77-78.
[29]彭三城,孙星明,刘国华,等.三维人体自动测量技术综述[J].计算机应用研究,2005(4):1-5.PENG Sancheng,SUN Xingming,LIU Guohua,et al.Survey on 3D human body auto-measurementtechnology[J].Application Research of Computers.2005(4):1-5.
[30]李勇,付小莉.基于红外的三维人体测量系统[J].纺织学报,2003,24(1):69-71.LI Yong,FU Xiaoli.The study of infrared-based auto-measurement system of 3D human body[J].Journal ofTextile Research,2003,24(1):69-71.