基于运动学和简化动力学的SWARM卫星精密定轨研究
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摘要
基于运动学和简化动力学方法,使用星载GPS观测数据,对SWARM卫星进行精密定轨,将轨道结果与ESA发布的事后科学轨道进行作差分析。结果表明:运动学轨道径向、切向和法向7 d平均RMS均小于3 cm,定轨精度达到cm级;简化动力学轨道径向平均RMS在0.65 cm左右,切向和法向在1.3 cm左右,高于预期要求。此外,使用IGS快速星历对SWARM卫星进行定轨,其精度与精密定轨精度近似相等,而在SWARM卫星近实时定轨研究中,使用IGS超快速星历确定的运动学轨道3D-RMS为9.68 cm,简化动力学轨道3D-RMS为3.61 cm,低于IGS快速星历的定轨精度。
In this paper, based on kinematic method and reduced-dynamic method, using on-board GPS observation data, the precise orbits of SWARM are implemented. The orbit accuracy is assessed using the post-scientific orbit released by ESA. The results show that the seven-day average RMS values of radial, along-track and cross-track directions of kinematic orbits are all less than 3 cm, and the accuracy of orbit determination reaches the centimeter level. The radial RMS of reduced-dynamic orbits is about 0.65 cm and the along-track and cross-track directions are about 1.3 cm, which are better than expected. In addition, the fast orbital precision of SWARM, based on fast ephemeris released by IGS, is approximately equal to that of precise orbit determination. However, in the near real-time orbit determination of SWARM satellite, the 3 D-RMS of kinematic orbit determined by ultra-fast ephemeris is 9.68 cm, and the 3 D-RMS of reduced-dynamic orbit is 3.61 cm. The accuracy of the orbit is lower than the fast ephemeris results.
In this paper, based on kinematic method and reduced-dynamic method, using on-board GPS observation data, the precise orbits of SWARM are implemented. The orbit accuracy is assessed using the post-scientific orbit released by ESA. The results show that the seven-day average RMS values of radial, along-track and cross-track directions of kinematic orbits are all less than 3 cm, and the accuracy of orbit determination reaches the centimeter level. The radial RMS of reduced-dynamic orbits is about 0.65 cm and the along-track and cross-track directions are about 1.3 cm, which are better than expected. In addition, the fast orbital precision of SWARM, based on fast ephemeris released by IGS, is approximately equal to that of precise orbit determination. However, in the near real-time orbit determination of SWARM satellite, the 3 D-RMS of kinematic orbit determined by ultra-fast ephemeris is 9.68 cm, and the 3 D-RMS of reduced-dynamic orbit is 3.61 cm. The accuracy of the orbit is lower than the fast ephemeris results.
引文
[1] 付郁, 云成. ESA首个磁场监测卫星星座“蜂群”[J].卫星应用, 2014(3):73(Fu Yu, Yun Cheng. ESA’s First Monitoring Satellite Constellation “Swarm”[J]. Satellite Application, 2014 (3):73)
[2] 宁津生,王正涛,超能芳.国际新一代卫星重力探测计划研究现状与进展[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2016,41(1):1-8(Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao, Chao Nengfang. Research Status and Progress in International Next-Generation Satellite Gravity Measurement Missions[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2016, 41(1):1-8)
[3] 陈秋杰,沈云中,张兴福,等. 基于GRACE卫星数据的高精度全球静态重力场模型[J].测绘学报,2016,45(4):396-403(Chen Qiujie, Shen Yunzhong, Zhang Xingfu, et al. GRACE Data-Based High Accuracy Global Static Earth’s Gravity Field Model[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(4):396-403)
[4] Zheng W, Xu H Z. Progress in Satellite Gravity Recovery from Implemented CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE and Future GRACE Follow-on Missions[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2015, 6(4):241-247
[5] J?ggi A, Dahle C, Arnold D, et al. SWARM Kinematic Orbits and Gravity Fields from 18 Months of GPS Data[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2016, 57(1):218-233
[6] 李建成,张守建,邹贤才,等.GRACE卫星非差运动学厘米级定轨[J].科学通报,2009,54(16):2 355-2 362(Li Jiancheng, Zhang Shoujian, Zou Xiancai, et al. Zero-Difference Kinematic POD of GRACE with Precision of Centimeters[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(16):2 355-2 362)
[7] J?ggi A, Hugentobler U, Beutler G. Pseudo-Stochastic Orbit Modling Techniques for Low-Earth Orbiters[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2006, 80(1):47-60
[8] Yunck T P, Wu S C, Wu J T, et al. Precise Tracking of Remote Sensing Satellites with the Global Positioning System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(1):108-116
[9] 吴琼宝,赵春梅,田华.不同星历下低轨卫星轨道精度分析[J].导航定位学报,2017,5(4):21-24(Wu Qiongbao, Zhao Chunmei, Tian Hua. Accuracy Analysis of LEO Satellite Orbit Determination Based on Different Ephemeris[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2017, 5(4):21-24)
[10] 秦显平. 星载GPS低轨卫星定轨理论及方法研究[D].郑州: 信息工程大学,2009(Qin Xianping. Research on Precision Orbit Determination Theory and Method of Low Earth Orbiter Based on GPS Technique[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2009)
[11] 郭金运,宗干,李旺,等.GPS单星单历元模糊度与电离层延迟分类解算[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):54-60(Guo Jinyun, Zong Gan, Li Wang, et al. Classification Solution of Single-Epoch Ambiguity and Ionospheric Delay for Single GPS Satellite[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2015, 34(1):54-60)
[12] 胡志刚,赵齐乐,郭靖,等.GPS天线相位中心校正对低轨卫星精密定轨的影响研究[J].测绘学报,2011,40(1):34-38(Hu Zhigang, Zhao Qile, Guo Jing, et al. Research on Impact of GPS Phase Center Variation on Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellite[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(1):34-38)
[13] 秦建, 郭金运, 孔巧丽, 等.Jason-2卫星星载GPS数据cm级精密定轨[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版, 2014, 39(2):137-141(Qin Jian, Guo Jinyun, Kong Qiaoli, et al. Precise Orbit Determination of Jason-2 with Precision of Centimeters Based on Satellite-Borne GPS Technique [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(2):137-141)
[14] 张兵兵, 聂琳娟, 吴汤婷,等. SWARM卫星简化动力学厘米级精密定轨[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11):1 278-1 284(Zhang Bingbing, Nie Linjuan, Wu Tangting, et al. Centimeter Precise Orbit Determination for Swarm Satellite via Reduced-Dynamic Method[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(11):1 278-1 284)
[15] Zhang B B, Wang Z T, Zhou L, et al. Precise Orbit Solution for SWARM Using Space-Borne GPS Data and Optimized Pseudo-Stochastic Pulses[J]. Sensors, 2017, 17(3):635-650
[16] 张德成,郑作亚,刘娴,等. 基于星载GPS数据的GRACE卫星动力法定轨[J]. 全球定位系统, 2013, 38(5):1-4(Zhang Decheng, Zheng Zuoya, Liu Xian, et al. GPS-Based Dynamic Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellite [J]. GNSS World of China, 2013, 38(5):1-4)
[17] 田英国,郝金明,谢建涛,等. SWARM卫星星载GPS精密定轨方法及精度分析[J]. 测绘科学技术学报,2016,33(5):452-457(Tian Yingguo, Hao Jinming, Xie Jiantao, et al. Swarm Precise Orbit Determination and Accuracy Analysis Using on Board GPS Data[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2016, 33(5):452-457)
[2] 宁津生,王正涛,超能芳.国际新一代卫星重力探测计划研究现状与进展[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2016,41(1):1-8(Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao, Chao Nengfang. Research Status and Progress in International Next-Generation Satellite Gravity Measurement Missions[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2016, 41(1):1-8)
[3] 陈秋杰,沈云中,张兴福,等. 基于GRACE卫星数据的高精度全球静态重力场模型[J].测绘学报,2016,45(4):396-403(Chen Qiujie, Shen Yunzhong, Zhang Xingfu, et al. GRACE Data-Based High Accuracy Global Static Earth’s Gravity Field Model[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(4):396-403)
[4] Zheng W, Xu H Z. Progress in Satellite Gravity Recovery from Implemented CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE and Future GRACE Follow-on Missions[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2015, 6(4):241-247
[5] J?ggi A, Dahle C, Arnold D, et al. SWARM Kinematic Orbits and Gravity Fields from 18 Months of GPS Data[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2016, 57(1):218-233
[6] 李建成,张守建,邹贤才,等.GRACE卫星非差运动学厘米级定轨[J].科学通报,2009,54(16):2 355-2 362(Li Jiancheng, Zhang Shoujian, Zou Xiancai, et al. Zero-Difference Kinematic POD of GRACE with Precision of Centimeters[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(16):2 355-2 362)
[7] J?ggi A, Hugentobler U, Beutler G. Pseudo-Stochastic Orbit Modling Techniques for Low-Earth Orbiters[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2006, 80(1):47-60
[8] Yunck T P, Wu S C, Wu J T, et al. Precise Tracking of Remote Sensing Satellites with the Global Positioning System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(1):108-116
[9] 吴琼宝,赵春梅,田华.不同星历下低轨卫星轨道精度分析[J].导航定位学报,2017,5(4):21-24(Wu Qiongbao, Zhao Chunmei, Tian Hua. Accuracy Analysis of LEO Satellite Orbit Determination Based on Different Ephemeris[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2017, 5(4):21-24)
[10] 秦显平. 星载GPS低轨卫星定轨理论及方法研究[D].郑州: 信息工程大学,2009(Qin Xianping. Research on Precision Orbit Determination Theory and Method of Low Earth Orbiter Based on GPS Technique[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2009)
[11] 郭金运,宗干,李旺,等.GPS单星单历元模糊度与电离层延迟分类解算[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):54-60(Guo Jinyun, Zong Gan, Li Wang, et al. Classification Solution of Single-Epoch Ambiguity and Ionospheric Delay for Single GPS Satellite[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2015, 34(1):54-60)
[12] 胡志刚,赵齐乐,郭靖,等.GPS天线相位中心校正对低轨卫星精密定轨的影响研究[J].测绘学报,2011,40(1):34-38(Hu Zhigang, Zhao Qile, Guo Jing, et al. Research on Impact of GPS Phase Center Variation on Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellite[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(1):34-38)
[13] 秦建, 郭金运, 孔巧丽, 等.Jason-2卫星星载GPS数据cm级精密定轨[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版, 2014, 39(2):137-141(Qin Jian, Guo Jinyun, Kong Qiaoli, et al. Precise Orbit Determination of Jason-2 with Precision of Centimeters Based on Satellite-Borne GPS Technique [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(2):137-141)
[14] 张兵兵, 聂琳娟, 吴汤婷,等. SWARM卫星简化动力学厘米级精密定轨[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11):1 278-1 284(Zhang Bingbing, Nie Linjuan, Wu Tangting, et al. Centimeter Precise Orbit Determination for Swarm Satellite via Reduced-Dynamic Method[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(11):1 278-1 284)
[15] Zhang B B, Wang Z T, Zhou L, et al. Precise Orbit Solution for SWARM Using Space-Borne GPS Data and Optimized Pseudo-Stochastic Pulses[J]. Sensors, 2017, 17(3):635-650
[16] 张德成,郑作亚,刘娴,等. 基于星载GPS数据的GRACE卫星动力法定轨[J]. 全球定位系统, 2013, 38(5):1-4(Zhang Decheng, Zheng Zuoya, Liu Xian, et al. GPS-Based Dynamic Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellite [J]. GNSS World of China, 2013, 38(5):1-4)
[17] 田英国,郝金明,谢建涛,等. SWARM卫星星载GPS精密定轨方法及精度分析[J]. 测绘科学技术学报,2016,33(5):452-457(Tian Yingguo, Hao Jinming, Xie Jiantao, et al. Swarm Precise Orbit Determination and Accuracy Analysis Using on Board GPS Data[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2016, 33(5):452-457)