建筑工人对安全标识认知的评价研究
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摘要
为了研究建筑工人对安全标识的认知情况,基于认知心理学和C-HIP模型识别出安全标识认知的4阶段:注意阶段、识记阶段、判断阶段和选择阶段,并进一步细分研究指标对某项目386名建筑工人进行调查研究,通过SPSS19.0对调查结果进行描述性统计分析、Mann-Whitney U二样本检验、Kruskal-Wallis多样本检验。结果表明:识记阶段和选择阶段均值最低,注意阶段的标识位置指标标准差最大,不同工种、工龄、事故经历及安全培训在安全标识的认知方面具有显著差异,不同年龄、文化程度和地域的建筑工人在对安全标识的认知程度并无明显差异。为企业提高工人对安全标识的认知水平和最大化发挥安全标识有效性提供了思路与方法。
In order to study the cognition of safety sign among construction workers,the four phases of safety sign cognition were identified based on cognitive psychology and C-HIP model:attention phase,memorization phase,judgment phase and selection phase. The index was further divided and carried out among 386 workers in a construction project. The descriptive statistical analysis,Mann-Whitney U two-sample test and Kruskal-Wallis multi-sample test of the survey results was conducted by SPSS 19.0.The results showed that the mean values of the phase of memorization and the phase of selection were the lowest. At the attention phase,the standard deviation of the marking position index was the largest. There were significant differences in the cognition of safety identification between different types of workers,length of service,accident experience and safety training. There was no significant difference in the level of cognition of safety signs between the workers in education level and geographical area. This paper provides ideas and methods for enterprises to improve construction workers' understanding of safety sign and can maximize the effectiveness of safety sign.
In order to study the cognition of safety sign among construction workers,the four phases of safety sign cognition were identified based on cognitive psychology and C-HIP model:attention phase,memorization phase,judgment phase and selection phase. The index was further divided and carried out among 386 workers in a construction project. The descriptive statistical analysis,Mann-Whitney U two-sample test and Kruskal-Wallis multi-sample test of the survey results was conducted by SPSS 19.0.The results showed that the mean values of the phase of memorization and the phase of selection were the lowest. At the attention phase,the standard deviation of the marking position index was the largest. There were significant differences in the cognition of safety identification between different types of workers,length of service,accident experience and safety training. There was no significant difference in the level of cognition of safety signs between the workers in education level and geographical area. This paper provides ideas and methods for enterprises to improve construction workers' understanding of safety sign and can maximize the effectiveness of safety sign.
引文
[1]中国住房和城乡建设部.安全公告,2018年房屋市政工程生产安全事故情况通报.http:/www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201812/t20181213_238828.html.
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[7]张孟春.建筑工人不安全行为产生的认知机理及应用[D].清华大学,2012.
[8]李红霞,李思琦.煤矿工人安全认知与不安全行为关系研究[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(11):233-236.
[9]姜沁瑶,李洁,程盼盼.建筑工人安全意识影响因素调查[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(6):169-174.
[10]何倩卉,宋守信,顾一波,肖楚阳.人员密集场所安全标识有效性实例评估[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(9):132-137.
[11]夏秋江,向克兰,王青丽,吴琼娅.安全标识降低普外科导管护理操作不良事件的效果[J].中华护理教育,2011,8(7):314-315.
[12]王颖梅,陶长江,等.基于游客认同的文化遗产景区安全标识系统研究--以青城山-都江堰景区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(2):78-82,112.
[13]马池香.企业安全标识及其效果研究[D].中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[14]罗云,安全行为科学[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2012.
[15]胡祎程.基于人因的工程项目现场安全标志有效性评价研究[D].安徽工程大学,2014.
[2]严小丽,胡兴俊,王银志.建设项目施工安全风险耦合及其应对--基于人因视角[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(6):106-113.
[3]Yanga X,Haugenb S.Implications from major accident causation theories to activity-related risk analysis[J].Safety Science,2018,101:121-134.
[4]Hallowell M R,Yugar-Arias I F.Exploring fundamental causes of safety challenges faced by Hispanic construction workers in the US using photovoice[J].Safety Science,2016,82:199-211.
[5]Guido G,Vitale A,Saccomanno F,et al.Sensitivity of simulated vehicle tracking profiles for input into safety performance analysis[J].Advances in Transportation Studies,2016(2):65-74.
[6]Wu C,Wangf,Zou P X W,et al.How safety leadership works among owners,contractors and subcontractors in construction projects[J].International Journal of Project Management,2016,34(5):789-805.
[7]张孟春.建筑工人不安全行为产生的认知机理及应用[D].清华大学,2012.
[8]李红霞,李思琦.煤矿工人安全认知与不安全行为关系研究[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(11):233-236.
[9]姜沁瑶,李洁,程盼盼.建筑工人安全意识影响因素调查[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(6):169-174.
[10]何倩卉,宋守信,顾一波,肖楚阳.人员密集场所安全标识有效性实例评估[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(9):132-137.
[11]夏秋江,向克兰,王青丽,吴琼娅.安全标识降低普外科导管护理操作不良事件的效果[J].中华护理教育,2011,8(7):314-315.
[12]王颖梅,陶长江,等.基于游客认同的文化遗产景区安全标识系统研究--以青城山-都江堰景区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(2):78-82,112.
[13]马池香.企业安全标识及其效果研究[D].中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[14]罗云,安全行为科学[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2012.
[15]胡祎程.基于人因的工程项目现场安全标志有效性评价研究[D].安徽工程大学,2014.