降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选择96头体重为(36.0±4.8) kg的生长猪,随机分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪),分别饲喂不添加复合酶的正常饲粮(对照组)、添加复合酶的低氮饲粮(低氮组)、添加复合酶的低磷饲粮(低磷组)和添加复合酶的低氮低磷饲粮(低氮低磷组),试验期为37 d。结果显示:各组间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低磷组和低氮低磷组生长猪的磷消化率显著高于对照组和低氮组(P<0.05)。除半胱氨酸(Cys)、蛋氨酸(Met)和酪氨酸(Tyr)的消化率低氮低磷组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其他氨基酸的消化率各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低氮低磷组生长猪血清中钙含量显著高于对照组和低磷组(P<0.05),4组之间血清中总蛋白、磷、尿素氮含量与碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,在适量降低生长猪饲粮中氮和磷含量的同时添加复合酶对生长猪的生长性能无显著影响,还可以提高磷的利用效率,减少粪便中氮和磷的排放。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary nitrogen or/and phosphorus contents with compound enzyme on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of growing pigs. Ninety-six growing pigs with the body weight of( 36.0 ± 4. 8) kg were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates in each group and eight pigs in each replicate. Pigs in those four groups were fed a normal diet without complex enzyme( CON group),a lownitrogen diet with compound enzyme( LN group),lowphosphorus diet with complex enzyme( LP group) and lownitrogen and phosphorus diet with compound enzyme( LNP group),respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 37 days. There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed/gain among four groups of growing pigs( P>0.05). The phosphorus digestibility of growing pigs in LP group and LNP group was significantly higher than that in CON group and LN group( P<0.05). The digestibility of cysteine( Cys),methionine( M et),tyrosine( Tyr) in LNP group was significantly higher than that in CON group( P<0.05),while the digestibility of other amino acids had no significant difference among four groups of growing pigs( P>0.05). The calcium content in serum of growing pigs in LP group and LN group was significantly higher than that in CON group and LP group( P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in serum total protein,phosphorus,urea nitrogen contents and alkaline phosphatase activity among four groups of growing pigs( P >0.05). The results indicate that appropriately reducing dietary phosphorus and nitrogen contents with complex enzyme will not affect the growth performance of growing pigs,and can improve the phosphorus utilization efficiency and reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in feces.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2597-2604]
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary nitrogen or/and phosphorus contents with compound enzyme on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of growing pigs. Ninety-six growing pigs with the body weight of( 36.0 ± 4. 8) kg were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates in each group and eight pigs in each replicate. Pigs in those four groups were fed a normal diet without complex enzyme( CON group),a lownitrogen diet with compound enzyme( LN group),lowphosphorus diet with complex enzyme( LP group) and lownitrogen and phosphorus diet with compound enzyme( LNP group),respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 37 days. There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed/gain among four groups of growing pigs( P>0.05). The phosphorus digestibility of growing pigs in LP group and LNP group was significantly higher than that in CON group and LN group( P<0.05). The digestibility of cysteine( Cys),methionine( M et),tyrosine( Tyr) in LNP group was significantly higher than that in CON group( P<0.05),while the digestibility of other amino acids had no significant difference among four groups of growing pigs( P>0.05). The calcium content in serum of growing pigs in LP group and LN group was significantly higher than that in CON group and LP group( P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in serum total protein,phosphorus,urea nitrogen contents and alkaline phosphatase activity among four groups of growing pigs( P >0.05). The results indicate that appropriately reducing dietary phosphorus and nitrogen contents with complex enzyme will not affect the growth performance of growing pigs,and can improve the phosphorus utilization efficiency and reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in feces.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2597-2604]
引文
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[11]CROMWELL G L,STAHLY T S,COFFEY R D,et al.Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(7):1831-1840.
[12]BEDFORD M R,SCHULZE H.Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry[J].Nutrition Research Review s,1998,11(1):91-114.
[13]MORAN E T,Jr.Starch digestion in fowl[J].Poult Science,1982,61(7):1257-1267.
[14]SCHNEEMAN B O,LYMAN R L.Factors involved in the intestinal feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat[J].Experimental Biology and M edicine,1975,148(3):897-903.
[15]OWSLEY W F,ORR D E,Jr,TRIBBLE L F.Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,63(2):497-504.
[16]王晓亮,付大波,周樱.饲料中添加外源酶对动物内源酶活性影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012,33(6):41-42.
[17]O’NEILL H V M,SMITH J A,BEDFORD M R.M ulticarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants[J].A-sian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):290-301.
[18]DIEBOLD G,MOSENTHIN R,PIEPHO H P,et al.Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a w heat-based diet for w eanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(9):2647-2656.
[19]PETTEY L A,CARTER S D,SENNE B W,et al.Effects of beta-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on grow th performance,carcass traits,and nutrient digestibility of w eanling and grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(4):1012-1019.
[20]OLUKOSI O A,SANDS J S,ADEOLA O.Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for w eanling and grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(7):1702-1711.
[21]PASSOS A A,PARK I,FERKET P,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients,viscosity of digesta,and intestinal morphology of grow ing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet[J].Animal Nutrition,2015,1(1):19-23.
[22]YEZ J L,LANDERO J L,OWUSU-ASIEDU A,et al.Grow th performance,diet nutrient digestibility,and bone mineralization in w eaned pigs fed pelleted diets containing thermostable phytase[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(2):745-754.
[23]ADEOLA O,COWIESON A J.Board-invited review:opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(10):3189-3218.
[24]O’SHEA C J,ALPINE P O M,SOLAN P,et al.The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,and manure odour in grow er-finisher pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:88-97.
[25]黄怡,李贤刚,李兴芳,等.玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加复合酶对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(24):19-21.
[26]杨文娇,宋春阳,于振洋,等.复合蛋白酶添加量对鲁烟白猪生产性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(7):59-63.
[27]MC ALPINE P O,O’SHEA C J,VARLEY P F,et al.The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on grow th performance and nutrient digestibility in finisher pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90 Suppl4:375-377.
[28]NORTEY T N,PATIENCE J F,SIMMINS P H,et al.Effects of individual or combined xylanase and phytase supplementation on energy,amino acid,and phosphorus digestibility and grow th performance of grow er pigs fed w heat-based diets containing w heat millrun[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(6):1432-1443.
[29]SAARELAINEN R,PALOHEIMO M,FAGERSTR MR,et al.Cloning,sequencing and enhanced expression of the Trichoderma reesei endoxylanaseⅡ(pI 9)gene xln2[J].M olecular and General Genetics M gg,1993,241(5/6):497-503.
[30]SALEH F,OHTSUKA A,TANAKA T,et al.Carbohydrases are digested by proteases present in enzyme preparations during in vitro digestion[J].The Journal of Poultry Science,2004,41(3):229-235.
[31]DERSJANT-LI Y,AWATI A,SCHULZE H,et al.Phytase in non-ruminant animal nutrition:a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015,95(5):878-896.
[32]HUMER E,SCHWARZ C,SCHEDLE K.Phytate in pig and poultry nutrition[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2015,99(4):605-625.
[33]王晶,季海峰,王四新,等.低磷饲粮添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和排泄量的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):70-75.
[34]吴慧.乳酸菌固态发酵植物饼粕饲料的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[35]赵国先,张正珊,王余丁,等.低蛋白日粮添加氨基酸对肉兔生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,1997(2):9-11.
[2]PEDERSEN M B,YU S,PLUMSTEAD P,et al.Comparison of four feed proteases for improvement of nutritive value of poultry feather meal[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90 Suppl 4:350-352.
[3]PFEIFFER A,HENKEL H,VERSTEGEN M W A,et al.The influence of protein intake on w ater balance,flow rate and apparent digestibilty of nutrients at the distal ileum in grow ing pigs[J].Livestock Production Science,1995,44(2):179-187.
[4]WONG K H,CHEUNG P C K.Effect of fiber-rich brow n seaw eeds on protein bioavailability of casein in grow ing rats[J].International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition,2003,54(4):269-279.
[5]刘景,叶鼎承,方桂友,等.规模猪场氮磷排泄减量化技术的研究与应用进展[J].福建畜牧兽医,2009,31(6):22-24.
[6]VIGORS S,SWEENEY T,O’SHEA C J,et al.Pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency,differ in intestinal enzyme and nutrient transporter gene expression,nutrient digestibility and microbial activity[J].Animal,2016,10(11):1848-1855.
[7]MONTEIRO A N T R,BERTOL T M,DE OLIVEI-RA P A V,et al.The impact of feeding grow ing-finishing pigs w ith reduced dietary protein levels on performance,carcass traits,meat quality and environmental impacts[J].Livestock Science,2017,198:162-169.
[8]OSTER M,GERLINGER C,HEIDE K,et al.Lower dietary phosphorus supply in pigs match both animal w elfare aspects and resource efficiency[J].Ambio,2018,47(Suppl.1):20-29.
[9]潘杰,黄瑞林,孔祥峰,等.不同氮、磷水平日粮对肥育猪生长性能及营养物质代谢的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(4):43-46.
[10]SIMONS P C M,VERSTEEGH H A J,JONGBLOEDA W,et al.Improvement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,64(2):525-540.
[11]CROMWELL G L,STAHLY T S,COFFEY R D,et al.Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(7):1831-1840.
[12]BEDFORD M R,SCHULZE H.Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry[J].Nutrition Research Review s,1998,11(1):91-114.
[13]MORAN E T,Jr.Starch digestion in fowl[J].Poult Science,1982,61(7):1257-1267.
[14]SCHNEEMAN B O,LYMAN R L.Factors involved in the intestinal feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat[J].Experimental Biology and M edicine,1975,148(3):897-903.
[15]OWSLEY W F,ORR D E,Jr,TRIBBLE L F.Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,63(2):497-504.
[16]王晓亮,付大波,周樱.饲料中添加外源酶对动物内源酶活性影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012,33(6):41-42.
[17]O’NEILL H V M,SMITH J A,BEDFORD M R.M ulticarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants[J].A-sian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(2):290-301.
[18]DIEBOLD G,MOSENTHIN R,PIEPHO H P,et al.Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a w heat-based diet for w eanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(9):2647-2656.
[19]PETTEY L A,CARTER S D,SENNE B W,et al.Effects of beta-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on grow th performance,carcass traits,and nutrient digestibility of w eanling and grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(4):1012-1019.
[20]OLUKOSI O A,SANDS J S,ADEOLA O.Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for w eanling and grow ing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(7):1702-1711.
[21]PASSOS A A,PARK I,FERKET P,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients,viscosity of digesta,and intestinal morphology of grow ing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet[J].Animal Nutrition,2015,1(1):19-23.
[22]YEZ J L,LANDERO J L,OWUSU-ASIEDU A,et al.Grow th performance,diet nutrient digestibility,and bone mineralization in w eaned pigs fed pelleted diets containing thermostable phytase[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(2):745-754.
[23]ADEOLA O,COWIESON A J.Board-invited review:opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(10):3189-3218.
[24]O’SHEA C J,ALPINE P O M,SOLAN P,et al.The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,and manure odour in grow er-finisher pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:88-97.
[25]黄怡,李贤刚,李兴芳,等.玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加复合酶对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(24):19-21.
[26]杨文娇,宋春阳,于振洋,等.复合蛋白酶添加量对鲁烟白猪生产性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(7):59-63.
[27]MC ALPINE P O,O’SHEA C J,VARLEY P F,et al.The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on grow th performance and nutrient digestibility in finisher pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90 Suppl4:375-377.
[28]NORTEY T N,PATIENCE J F,SIMMINS P H,et al.Effects of individual or combined xylanase and phytase supplementation on energy,amino acid,and phosphorus digestibility and grow th performance of grow er pigs fed w heat-based diets containing w heat millrun[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(6):1432-1443.
[29]SAARELAINEN R,PALOHEIMO M,FAGERSTR MR,et al.Cloning,sequencing and enhanced expression of the Trichoderma reesei endoxylanaseⅡ(pI 9)gene xln2[J].M olecular and General Genetics M gg,1993,241(5/6):497-503.
[30]SALEH F,OHTSUKA A,TANAKA T,et al.Carbohydrases are digested by proteases present in enzyme preparations during in vitro digestion[J].The Journal of Poultry Science,2004,41(3):229-235.
[31]DERSJANT-LI Y,AWATI A,SCHULZE H,et al.Phytase in non-ruminant animal nutrition:a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015,95(5):878-896.
[32]HUMER E,SCHWARZ C,SCHEDLE K.Phytate in pig and poultry nutrition[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2015,99(4):605-625.
[33]王晶,季海峰,王四新,等.低磷饲粮添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和排泄量的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):70-75.
[34]吴慧.乳酸菌固态发酵植物饼粕饲料的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[35]赵国先,张正珊,王余丁,等.低蛋白日粮添加氨基酸对肉兔生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,1997(2):9-11.