不同渗漏强度下寒区节水灌溉水稻生长发育与产量特征研究
|
摘要
本文基于不同渗漏强度的测桶试验,研究其对寒地水稻生长发育与产量特征的影响。结果表明:稻田日渗漏量越大,土壤含水率下降越快,这种规律性在生育前期更为明显。稻田日渗漏强度大,降低了分蘖成穗率和株高,减小了叶面积指数,不利于地上干物质的积累,进而影响产量。进一步讨论不同渗漏强度对产量及其构成要素的影响,日渗漏强度越大,一方面抑制水稻分蘖,最终有效穗株显著降低;另一方面能够帮助水稻根系生长,促进养分的吸收,提高结实率。每穗粒数和千粒重随着日渗漏强度的增大而降低,但处理间差异不显著。为了能保障较高的千粒重,需要在抽穗开花期到乳熟期适当提高灌水下限。在渗漏强度比较大的地区,节水灌溉条件下水稻对灌溉及时度的要求更高,即在土壤含水率达到下限时应及时进行灌溉,否则难以保证高产。
In this study,potted rice was used as a test object to investigate the effects of different seepage rate on the growth and yield characteristics of rice in cold regions.The results showed that the larger daily seepage rate of rice field,the faster the soil moisture content decreased,and the regularity of soil water content change in the early growth stage was better than that in the later growth stage.The lower percentage of tiller,the lower plant height and the smaller the leaf area index gradually with greater daily seepage rate.It is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter on the ground,thus affecting yield.Further discussed the effect of different seepage rate on yield and its components.On one hand,the greater seepage rate inhibited rice tillering,and significantly reduced the effective panicle number.On the other hand,the greater seepage rate can help rice root growth,promoted nutrient absorption,and increased seed setting rate.The lower grain number per spike and the lower 1000-kernel weight gradually with the greater daily seepage rate,but was not remarkable difference among the treatments.In order to ensure a higher 1000-grain weight,it is necessary to appropriately increase soil water lower limit at flowering stage and milk stage.The final yield decreased with the greater daily seepage rate,the maximum yield decreasing range was under the condition of 3 mm/d seepage rate.Therefore,the recommended seepage rate is ≤2 mm/d,and timely irrigation should be conducted when the soil moisture content reaches the lower limit,otherwise it is difficult to ensure high yield.
In this study,potted rice was used as a test object to investigate the effects of different seepage rate on the growth and yield characteristics of rice in cold regions.The results showed that the larger daily seepage rate of rice field,the faster the soil moisture content decreased,and the regularity of soil water content change in the early growth stage was better than that in the later growth stage.The lower percentage of tiller,the lower plant height and the smaller the leaf area index gradually with greater daily seepage rate.It is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter on the ground,thus affecting yield.Further discussed the effect of different seepage rate on yield and its components.On one hand,the greater seepage rate inhibited rice tillering,and significantly reduced the effective panicle number.On the other hand,the greater seepage rate can help rice root growth,promoted nutrient absorption,and increased seed setting rate.The lower grain number per spike and the lower 1000-kernel weight gradually with the greater daily seepage rate,but was not remarkable difference among the treatments.In order to ensure a higher 1000-grain weight,it is necessary to appropriately increase soil water lower limit at flowering stage and milk stage.The final yield decreased with the greater daily seepage rate,the maximum yield decreasing range was under the condition of 3 mm/d seepage rate.Therefore,the recommended seepage rate is ≤2 mm/d,and timely irrigation should be conducted when the soil moisture content reaches the lower limit,otherwise it is difficult to ensure high yield.
引文
[1]茆智.水稻节水灌溉[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(4):45-47.
[2]Mao Z.Environmental impact of water-saving irrigation for rice[J].Water Reports,1996,8:141-145.
[3]张自常.水稻高产优质节水灌溉技术及其生理基础[D].江苏:扬州大学,2012.
[4]聂晓.三江平原寒地稻田水热过程及节水增温灌溉模式研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2012.
[5]茆智,崔远来,董斌,等.水稻高效节水与持续高产的灌排技术[J].水利水电技术,2002(2):65-67.
[6]彭世彰,徐俊增,丁加丽,等.节水灌溉与控制排水理论及其农田生态效应研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(S1):504-510.
[7] Loveys B R,Dry P R,Stoll M,et al.Using plant physiology to improve the water use efficiency of horticultural crops[J].Acta Horticulturae,2000,537(537):187-197.
[8] Singhvi N R,Kodandaramaiah J,Kumar J S,et al.Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of mulberry,Morus alba L.plants in drying soils[J].Indian Journal of Sericulture,2010,49(2):195-198.
[9]彭世彰,徐俊增,黄乾,等.控制灌溉水稻叶片水平的水分利用效率试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):47-52.
[10]彭世彰,徐俊增,黄乾,等.水稻控制灌溉模式及其环境多功能性[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(6):443-445.
[11]钟朝章,潘慧庄.稻田渗漏强度与漏水漏肥试验[J].灌溉排水,1984,3(1):42-47.
[12]李永和.杭嘉湖平原地区稻田适宜渗漏量探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,1990(12):8-12.
[13]钟朝璋,陈松光.珠江三角洲沙围田地区的稻田适宜渗漏量问题[J].农田水利与小水电,1981(5):12-17.
[14]李丹,郭富庆,董霖,等.水稻控制灌溉技术在我国东北三省的应用分析[J].节水灌溉,2011(11):63-66.
[15]Casta1eda A R,Bouman B A M,Peng S,et al.The potential of aerobic rice to reduce water use in water-scarce irrigated lowlands in the tropics[C]//Proc International Workshop on Water-wise Rice Production.Philippines:Los Ba1os,2002:165-176.
[16]匡成荣,沈波,洪宝鑫,等.稻田土壤水分与浅层地下水埋深关系的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(5):22-23.
[17]苏杰,王卫军.水稻控制灌溉技术的地下水指标的研究[J].江苏水利,2000(6):36-37.
[18]李磊.以渗漏强度为控制指标的水田降渍试验研究[D].江苏:扬州大学,2015.
[19]彭世彰,徐俊增.水稻控制灌溉理论与技术[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2011.
[20]高洁,徐建第,尹亮.水稻产量性状的研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2011(9):57-60.
[2]Mao Z.Environmental impact of water-saving irrigation for rice[J].Water Reports,1996,8:141-145.
[3]张自常.水稻高产优质节水灌溉技术及其生理基础[D].江苏:扬州大学,2012.
[4]聂晓.三江平原寒地稻田水热过程及节水增温灌溉模式研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2012.
[5]茆智,崔远来,董斌,等.水稻高效节水与持续高产的灌排技术[J].水利水电技术,2002(2):65-67.
[6]彭世彰,徐俊增,丁加丽,等.节水灌溉与控制排水理论及其农田生态效应研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(S1):504-510.
[7] Loveys B R,Dry P R,Stoll M,et al.Using plant physiology to improve the water use efficiency of horticultural crops[J].Acta Horticulturae,2000,537(537):187-197.
[8] Singhvi N R,Kodandaramaiah J,Kumar J S,et al.Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of mulberry,Morus alba L.plants in drying soils[J].Indian Journal of Sericulture,2010,49(2):195-198.
[9]彭世彰,徐俊增,黄乾,等.控制灌溉水稻叶片水平的水分利用效率试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):47-52.
[10]彭世彰,徐俊增,黄乾,等.水稻控制灌溉模式及其环境多功能性[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(6):443-445.
[11]钟朝章,潘慧庄.稻田渗漏强度与漏水漏肥试验[J].灌溉排水,1984,3(1):42-47.
[12]李永和.杭嘉湖平原地区稻田适宜渗漏量探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,1990(12):8-12.
[13]钟朝璋,陈松光.珠江三角洲沙围田地区的稻田适宜渗漏量问题[J].农田水利与小水电,1981(5):12-17.
[14]李丹,郭富庆,董霖,等.水稻控制灌溉技术在我国东北三省的应用分析[J].节水灌溉,2011(11):63-66.
[15]Casta1eda A R,Bouman B A M,Peng S,et al.The potential of aerobic rice to reduce water use in water-scarce irrigated lowlands in the tropics[C]//Proc International Workshop on Water-wise Rice Production.Philippines:Los Ba1os,2002:165-176.
[16]匡成荣,沈波,洪宝鑫,等.稻田土壤水分与浅层地下水埋深关系的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(5):22-23.
[17]苏杰,王卫军.水稻控制灌溉技术的地下水指标的研究[J].江苏水利,2000(6):36-37.
[18]李磊.以渗漏强度为控制指标的水田降渍试验研究[D].江苏:扬州大学,2015.
[19]彭世彰,徐俊增.水稻控制灌溉理论与技术[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2011.
[20]高洁,徐建第,尹亮.水稻产量性状的研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2011(9):57-60.