绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯水分生产函数及灌溉制度优化
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摘要
通过田间试验研究了绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯各生育期耗水规律及其影响因素,建立了以Jensen模型为基础的水分生产函数并对马铃薯灌溉制度进行了优化。结果表明:块茎膨大期马铃薯水分敏感指数最大,块茎形成期次之,苗期和淀粉积累期较小;块茎形成期轻度调亏对马铃薯产量无显著影响(P>0.05),而块茎形成期中度调亏、块茎膨大期轻度和中度调亏对其产量均有显著影响(P<0.05);块茎形成期轻度调亏的水分利用效率比块茎形成期中度调亏、块茎膨大期轻度调亏和全生育期充分灌水分别提高了6.2%、8.3%和6.7%;膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯产量随耗水量增加而增加,水分利用效率随之降低,全生育期充分灌水比块茎膨大期中度水分调亏耗水量增加22.4%,产量增加20.4%,水分利用效率降低14.0%。采用遗传算法并结合水分生产函数进行灌溉制度优化,结果表明:河西绿洲区膜下滴灌马铃薯全生育期灌溉定额为225 mm时,产量最高,为43.86 t·hm-2,灌溉水利用效率为19.5 kg·m-2;灌溉制度为苗期灌水20~30 mm,块茎形成期灌水70~75 mm,块茎膨大期灌水100~115mm,淀粉积累期灌水20~25 mm,灌水间隔为7 d。因此,膜下滴灌调亏在降低马铃薯耗水量的同时,提高了水分利用效率,在块茎形成期轻度水分调亏不影响产量,可达到节水增产的目的。
A field experiment was conducted to test the potato periodic evapotranspiration and its influencing factors with mulched drip irrigation under water deficit regulation( WDR) in oasis irrigation region. Crop water production function based on Jensen model was established,and the optimal irrigation schedule for potato was determined. The results showed that the sensitive index was found the largest at the tuber bulking stage,followed by the tuber initiation stage and relatively small at the establishment and potato starch accumulation stages. Potato yield was not decreased by low WDR plots during tuber initiation( P > 0. 05),but was significantly decreased in the medium WDR plots during tuber initiation and low and medium WDR plots during tuber bulking( P < 0. 05). The water use efficiency( WUE) was maintained in low WDR potato during tuber initiation,significantly improved by 6. 2%,8. 3% and 6. 7% from that in medium WDR plots during tuber initiation,low WDR plots during tuber bulking and full irrigation plots( CK),respectively. With the increase of crop evapotranspiration,the potato bulb yield became increased,while the water use efficiency was decreased. Crop evapotranspiration was increased by 22. 4%,the potato bulb yield was increased by 20. 4% and the WUE went decreased by 15. 7%. The optimal irrigation system established by genetic algorithm with crop water production function showed that the highest potato bulb yield( 43. 86 t·hm-2) could be achieved when the irrigation depth was upto 225 mm in the Hexi oasis,and irrigation WUE was 19. 5 kg·m-2. The recommended amount of irrigation is 30 ~ 40,130 ~ 140,170 ~ 190 mm and 25 mm at the stages of establishment,tuber initiation,tuber bulking and potato starch accumulation,respectively,and the irrigation intervals are 7 days. Therefore,when WDR under mulched drip irrigation reduces potato water consumption,the water use efficiency can be enhanced. Low WDR does not affect the potato yield during tuber initiation,reaching water-saving purposes.
A field experiment was conducted to test the potato periodic evapotranspiration and its influencing factors with mulched drip irrigation under water deficit regulation( WDR) in oasis irrigation region. Crop water production function based on Jensen model was established,and the optimal irrigation schedule for potato was determined. The results showed that the sensitive index was found the largest at the tuber bulking stage,followed by the tuber initiation stage and relatively small at the establishment and potato starch accumulation stages. Potato yield was not decreased by low WDR plots during tuber initiation( P > 0. 05),but was significantly decreased in the medium WDR plots during tuber initiation and low and medium WDR plots during tuber bulking( P < 0. 05). The water use efficiency( WUE) was maintained in low WDR potato during tuber initiation,significantly improved by 6. 2%,8. 3% and 6. 7% from that in medium WDR plots during tuber initiation,low WDR plots during tuber bulking and full irrigation plots( CK),respectively. With the increase of crop evapotranspiration,the potato bulb yield became increased,while the water use efficiency was decreased. Crop evapotranspiration was increased by 22. 4%,the potato bulb yield was increased by 20. 4% and the WUE went decreased by 15. 7%. The optimal irrigation system established by genetic algorithm with crop water production function showed that the highest potato bulb yield( 43. 86 t·hm-2) could be achieved when the irrigation depth was upto 225 mm in the Hexi oasis,and irrigation WUE was 19. 5 kg·m-2. The recommended amount of irrigation is 30 ~ 40,130 ~ 140,170 ~ 190 mm and 25 mm at the stages of establishment,tuber initiation,tuber bulking and potato starch accumulation,respectively,and the irrigation intervals are 7 days. Therefore,when WDR under mulched drip irrigation reduces potato water consumption,the water use efficiency can be enhanced. Low WDR does not affect the potato yield during tuber initiation,reaching water-saving purposes.
引文
[1]王青蓝,毕宏波,蔡红岩,等.我国马铃薯加工业现状及对策[J].吉林农业科学,2008,33(6):97-99.
[2]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):9-15.
[3]Van Loon C D.The effect of water stress on potato growth,development and yield[J].American Journal of Potato Research,1981,58(1):51-59.
[4]李广,侯扶江.河西地区农业气候资源与植被的空间分布格局[J].草业学报,2002,11(3):80-84.
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[6]霍军军,尚松浩.基于模拟技术及遗传算法的作物灌溉制度优化方法[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):23-28.
[7]张兵,袁寿其,李红,等.基于最优保留策略遗传算法的玉米小麦优化灌溉模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):25-29.
[8]李晓玲,张芮,丁林.地面灌溉条件下蚕豆的水分生产函数与灌溉定额的确定[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(4):91-94.
[9]林叶春,张丹,肖银梅.西北地区马铃薯节水种植制度的发展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):99-103.
[10]Steyn J M,Plessis H F,Fourie P,et al.Yield response of potato genotypes to different soil water regimes in contrasting seasons of a subtropical climate[J].Potato Research,1998,41(3):239-254.
[11]张修宇,潘建波,李斌.调亏灌溉节水增产效应影响因素的研究进展[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2006,27(4):45-48.
[12]Lynch D R,Foroud N,Kozub G C,et al.The effect of moisture stress at three growth stage on the yield,components of yield and processing quality of eight potato varieties[J].American Journal of Potato Research,1995,72(6):375-385.
[13]秦军红,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.马铃薯膜下滴灌增产效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):204-208.
[14]Ali E,Hamid R K,Ahmad N,et al.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2013,59(6):889-897.
[15]王振映.膜下滴灌技术对马铃薯种植的节水机理研究[J].农田水利,2015,(7):70-71.
[16]Luisa C,Vedove G,Gianquinto G,et al.Yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake in potato:influence of drought stress[J].Potato Research,1997,40(1):19-34.
[17]王俊国.建薯1号马铃薯生育期适宜土壤水分指标研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18119-18120,18154.
[18]刘战东,肖俊夫,于秀琴.不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(8):1-3,7.
[19]Turner N C.Plant Water Relations and Irrigation Management[J].Agri Water Manag,1990,(17):59-75.
[20]蔡焕杰,邵光成,张振华.不同水分处理对膜下滴灌棉花生理指标及产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):29-32.
[21]Shock C C,Zalewski J C,Stieber T D,et al.Impact of early-season water deficits on russet bur bank plant development,tuber yield and quality[J].Am Potato J,1992,69(12):793-803.
[22]Shock C C,Feibert E B G,Saunders L D.Potato yield and quality response to deficit irrigation[J].Hort Science,1998,33(4):655-659.
[23]Anne M,Boland.The effect of regulated deficit irrigation on tree water use and growth of peach[J].Journal of Hort-I cultural Science,1993,68(2):261-264.
[24]Blackman P G,Davies W J.Root to shoot communication in maize plants of the effects of soil drying[J].J Exp Bot,1985,(36):39-48.
[25]赵海超,抗艳红,龚学臣,等.干旱胁迫对不同品种马铃薯生长指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12102-12104.
[26]高占旺,庞万福,宋伯符.水分胁迫对马铃薯的生理反应[J].马铃薯杂志,1995,9(1):1-6.
[27]王婷,海梅荣,罗海琴,等.水分胁迫对马铃薯光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2010,25(5):737-743.
[28]Fabeiro C,Martin de Sa nta Olalla F,Juan J A.Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes[J].Agricultural Water Management,2001,48(3):255-266.
[29]张恒嘉,李晶.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):143-151.
[30]何春燕,张忠,何新林,等.作物水分生产函数及灌溉制度优化的研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2007,18(3):42-45.
[31]郑建华,黄冠华,黄权中,等.干旱区膜下滴灌条件下洋葱水分生产函数与优化灌溉制度[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):25-30.
[2]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律及需水量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):9-15.
[3]Van Loon C D.The effect of water stress on potato growth,development and yield[J].American Journal of Potato Research,1981,58(1):51-59.
[4]李广,侯扶江.河西地区农业气候资源与植被的空间分布格局[J].草业学报,2002,11(3):80-84.
[5]Imtiyaz M,Mgadla N P,Chepete B,et al.Response of six vegetable crops to irrigation schedules[J].Agricultural Water Management,2000,45(3):331-342.
[6]霍军军,尚松浩.基于模拟技术及遗传算法的作物灌溉制度优化方法[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):23-28.
[7]张兵,袁寿其,李红,等.基于最优保留策略遗传算法的玉米小麦优化灌溉模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):25-29.
[8]李晓玲,张芮,丁林.地面灌溉条件下蚕豆的水分生产函数与灌溉定额的确定[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(4):91-94.
[9]林叶春,张丹,肖银梅.西北地区马铃薯节水种植制度的发展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):99-103.
[10]Steyn J M,Plessis H F,Fourie P,et al.Yield response of potato genotypes to different soil water regimes in contrasting seasons of a subtropical climate[J].Potato Research,1998,41(3):239-254.
[11]张修宇,潘建波,李斌.调亏灌溉节水增产效应影响因素的研究进展[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2006,27(4):45-48.
[12]Lynch D R,Foroud N,Kozub G C,et al.The effect of moisture stress at three growth stage on the yield,components of yield and processing quality of eight potato varieties[J].American Journal of Potato Research,1995,72(6):375-385.
[13]秦军红,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.马铃薯膜下滴灌增产效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):204-208.
[14]Ali E,Hamid R K,Ahmad N,et al.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2013,59(6):889-897.
[15]王振映.膜下滴灌技术对马铃薯种植的节水机理研究[J].农田水利,2015,(7):70-71.
[16]Luisa C,Vedove G,Gianquinto G,et al.Yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake in potato:influence of drought stress[J].Potato Research,1997,40(1):19-34.
[17]王俊国.建薯1号马铃薯生育期适宜土壤水分指标研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18119-18120,18154.
[18]刘战东,肖俊夫,于秀琴.不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(8):1-3,7.
[19]Turner N C.Plant Water Relations and Irrigation Management[J].Agri Water Manag,1990,(17):59-75.
[20]蔡焕杰,邵光成,张振华.不同水分处理对膜下滴灌棉花生理指标及产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):29-32.
[21]Shock C C,Zalewski J C,Stieber T D,et al.Impact of early-season water deficits on russet bur bank plant development,tuber yield and quality[J].Am Potato J,1992,69(12):793-803.
[22]Shock C C,Feibert E B G,Saunders L D.Potato yield and quality response to deficit irrigation[J].Hort Science,1998,33(4):655-659.
[23]Anne M,Boland.The effect of regulated deficit irrigation on tree water use and growth of peach[J].Journal of Hort-I cultural Science,1993,68(2):261-264.
[24]Blackman P G,Davies W J.Root to shoot communication in maize plants of the effects of soil drying[J].J Exp Bot,1985,(36):39-48.
[25]赵海超,抗艳红,龚学臣,等.干旱胁迫对不同品种马铃薯生长指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12102-12104.
[26]高占旺,庞万福,宋伯符.水分胁迫对马铃薯的生理反应[J].马铃薯杂志,1995,9(1):1-6.
[27]王婷,海梅荣,罗海琴,等.水分胁迫对马铃薯光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2010,25(5):737-743.
[28]Fabeiro C,Martin de Sa nta Olalla F,Juan J A.Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes[J].Agricultural Water Management,2001,48(3):255-266.
[29]张恒嘉,李晶.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):143-151.
[30]何春燕,张忠,何新林,等.作物水分生产函数及灌溉制度优化的研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2007,18(3):42-45.
[31]郑建华,黄冠华,黄权中,等.干旱区膜下滴灌条件下洋葱水分生产函数与优化灌溉制度[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):25-30.