不同火强度对河北平泉油松林土壤有机碳及土壤养分影响
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摘要
选择河北省平泉县油松林火烧迹地为研究区,按照过火林地燃烧状况,划分轻度火烧(L)、中度火烧(M)、重度火烧(H)3个强度的林地作为研究样地,选择相邻未过火林地(CK)作为对照样地。以0—10 cm,10—20 cm,20—30 cm的顺序采集土壤样品。样品用于分析不同火烧影响下土壤有机碳(SOC)、土壤养分中铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、全氮(TN)、全钾(TK)、全磷(TP)、速效氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)、速效磷(AP)含量和土壤pH值变化,以及土壤有机碳和土壤养分其在火烧之后不同土层深度之间的数值波动。结果表明:(1)不同火烧强度对土壤有机碳含量差异影响显著(P<0.05),与未过火林地相比,中度、轻度火烧的土壤有机碳含量降低,重度火烧土壤有机碳含量增加;土壤有机碳含量变化随土层深度增加而降低;(2)不同火烧强度对土壤养分中所有指标的差异性显著(P<0.05),不同土层深度之间的数量变化明显。铵态氮含量在各土层均表现为重度火烧后增加,中、轻度火烧则减少;硝态氮含量受轻度、中度、重度火烧后在各土层整体增加;速效氮含量在0—10 cm土层轻度、中度、重度火烧后增加,在10—20 cm土层中度、重度火烧后减少而轻度火烧后增加,在20—30 cm土层重度和轻度火烧后增加,中度火烧后减少。轻度、中度、重度火烧后的全氮和全磷含量在各土层整体降低。速效磷含量在0—10 cm土层受重度和轻度火烧后增加,10—20 cm、20—30 cm土层重度、中度、轻度火烧后含量皆减少。全钾含量在0—10 cm土层重度、轻度火烧后含量降低,中度火烧后含量增加,10—20 cm土层火烧后含量均会增加,20—30 cm土层火烧后含量均会降低。速效钾含量受重度、中度、轻度火烧后在各土层含量均会减少;(3)不同火烧强度与土壤pH值差异性极显著(P<0.01),火烧后pH值上升。上述结果可为研究林火干扰后土壤有机碳和土壤养分的变化规律,以及火烧迹地植被恢复的研究提供参考。
The study site was selected in Pingquan County, Hebei Province, and stand type was Pinus tabulaeformis forests. Fire intensity was classified as low(L), medium(M), high(H) severity and unburned(UB) based on burning condition. Soil samples were collected in the order of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm to analyze the effects of different fire intensity on soil organic carbon(SOC), soil nutrients(Ammonium nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen,Available nitrogen, Total nitrogen, Total potassium, Total phosphorus, Available potassium, Available phosphorus) and soil pH value in different depths of soil. The results are as follows.(1) The difference of diverse fire intensity on SOC was not significant(P>0.05). SOC content decreased in M and L, and increased in H. The change of SOC decreased with the increase of soil depth.(2) The difference of diverse fire intensity on soil nutrients was significant(P<0.05), as well as the change of soil depth. Ammonium nitrogen contents in each soil layer were shown to increase after high intensity fire, decreased after low and medium intensity. Nitrate nitrogen content in each soil layer was shown to increase after each fire intensity. Available nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil layer increased after fire; in the 10-20 cm soil layer it decreased after M and H, but increased after L; in the 20-30 cm soil layer it increased after H and L, but decreased after M. Total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content decreased in each soil layer after fire(H, M, and L). Available phosphorus was increased by H and M in 0-10 cm soil layer, but decreased by H, M and L in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layer. The content of total potassium in 0-10 cm soil layer was decreased by H and L, but increased by M; in 10-20 cm soil layer it was increased after fire; in 20-30 cm soil layer it was decreased by each fire intensity. Available potassium content was decreased by each fire intensity in each soil layer.(3) The difference of diverse fire intensity on soil pH value was significant(P<0.01), which increased after fire. The above results can be used to study the changes of SOC and soil nutrient after forest fire disturbance, and study of vegetation restoration in burned land.
The study site was selected in Pingquan County, Hebei Province, and stand type was Pinus tabulaeformis forests. Fire intensity was classified as low(L), medium(M), high(H) severity and unburned(UB) based on burning condition. Soil samples were collected in the order of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm to analyze the effects of different fire intensity on soil organic carbon(SOC), soil nutrients(Ammonium nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen,Available nitrogen, Total nitrogen, Total potassium, Total phosphorus, Available potassium, Available phosphorus) and soil pH value in different depths of soil. The results are as follows.(1) The difference of diverse fire intensity on SOC was not significant(P>0.05). SOC content decreased in M and L, and increased in H. The change of SOC decreased with the increase of soil depth.(2) The difference of diverse fire intensity on soil nutrients was significant(P<0.05), as well as the change of soil depth. Ammonium nitrogen contents in each soil layer were shown to increase after high intensity fire, decreased after low and medium intensity. Nitrate nitrogen content in each soil layer was shown to increase after each fire intensity. Available nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil layer increased after fire; in the 10-20 cm soil layer it decreased after M and H, but increased after L; in the 20-30 cm soil layer it increased after H and L, but decreased after M. Total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content decreased in each soil layer after fire(H, M, and L). Available phosphorus was increased by H and M in 0-10 cm soil layer, but decreased by H, M and L in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layer. The content of total potassium in 0-10 cm soil layer was decreased by H and L, but increased by M; in 10-20 cm soil layer it was increased after fire; in 20-30 cm soil layer it was decreased by each fire intensity. Available potassium content was decreased by each fire intensity in each soil layer.(3) The difference of diverse fire intensity on soil pH value was significant(P<0.01), which increased after fire. The above results can be used to study the changes of SOC and soil nutrient after forest fire disturbance, and study of vegetation restoration in burned land.
引文
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[20]张立志,孙亚娟,宋银平,等.不同强度林火干扰对红花尔基樟子松天然林更新的影响[J].防护林科技,2015,(5):16–19.
[21]倪宝龙,刘兆刚.不同强度火干扰下盘古林场天然落叶松林的空间结构[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):4975–4984.
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[23]韩春兰,邵帅,王秋兵,等.兴安落叶松林火干扰后土壤有机碳含量变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):3023-3033.
[24]赵志霞,李正才,周君刚,等.火烧对中国北亚热带天然马尾松林土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,(01):135–140.
[25]周文昌,牟长城,刘夏,等.火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽和落叶松-苔草沼泽凋落物和土壤碳储量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6387–6395.
[26]郭剑芬,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.火烧对森林土壤有机碳的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,(09):2800–2809.
[27]沙丽清,邓继武,谢克金,等.西双版纳次生林火烧前后土壤养分变化的研究[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(6):513–517.
[28]闫平,王景升.森林火灾对兴安落叶松林生态系统碳素分布及储量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(4):46–48.
[29]任清胜,辛颖,赵雨森.重度火烧对大兴安岭落叶松天然林土壤团聚体有机碳和黑碳的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,(02):29-36.
[30]刘发林.林火对土壤有机质的影响研究综述[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):239–245.
[31]孙毓鑫,吴建平,周丽霞,等.广东鹤山火烧迹地植被恢复后土壤养分含量变化[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):513–517.
[32]孔健健,张亨宇,荆爽.大兴安岭火后演替初期森林土壤养分磷的动态变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1–9.
[33]谷会岩,金靖博,陈祥伟,等.不同火烧强度林火对大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质的长期影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1114–1121
[34]杨黎芳,李贵桐.土壤无机碳研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,(4):986–990.
[2]魏书精,胡海清,孙龙.气候变化对我国林火发生规律的影响[J].森林防火,2011,(1):30–34.
[3]方精云,朱江玲,王少鹏,等.全球变暖、碳排放及不确定性[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,(10):1385–1395.
[4]胡海清,魏书精,魏书威,等.气候变暖背景下火干扰对森林生态系统碳循环的影响[J].灾害学,2012,(4):37–41.
[5]刘世荣,王晖,栾军伟.中国森林土壤碳储量与土壤碳过程研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5437–5448.
[6]HEYDARI M,ROSTAMY A,NAJAFI F,et al.Effect of fire severity on physical and biochemical soil properties in Zagros oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)forests in Iran[J].JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH,2017,28(1):95–104.
[7]APRIL L,ROBERT C,BRETT R,et al.Fire effects on cation exchange capacity of California forest and woodland soils[J].GEODERMA,2017,286:125–130.
[8]徐成,张水锋,李克伦.林火对森林土壤有机碳影响的研究进展[J].绿色科技,2016,(02):8–10.
[9]陆昕,胡海清,孙龙,等.火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳影响研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,(03):760–768.
[10]魏书精.黑龙江省森林火灾碳排放定量评价方法研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[11]胡海清,魏书精,孙龙.大兴安岭2001-2010年森林火灾碳排放的计量估算[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5373–5386.
[12]刘世荣,王晖,栾军伟.中国森林土壤碳储量与土壤碳过程研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5437–5448.
[13]胡海清,张富山,魏书精,等.火干扰对土壤呼吸的影响及测定方法研究进展[J].森林工程,2013,(1):1–8.
[14]KOBAYASHI M,MUNETO H,THOMAS H,et al.Effects of fire-derived charcoal on soil properties and seedling regeneration in a recently burned Larix gmelinii/Pinus sylvestris forest[J].JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS,2011,8(11):1317–1322.
[15]LESLIE A.BOBY,EDWARD A.G.SCHUUR,MICHELLE C.MACK,et al.Quantifying fire severity,carbon,and nitrogen emissions in Alaska's boreal forest[J].ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS,2010,6(20):1633–1647.
[16]谷会岩.林火对大兴安岭偃松—兴安落叶松林土壤养分的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(7):48–54.
[17]孔健健,杨健.林火对大兴安岭落叶松林土壤性质的短期与长期影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,(6):1445–1450.
[18]郭利峰.北京八达岭林场人工油松林燃烧性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[19]陈维奇.不同火烧强度对黑松林土壤及植被组成的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[20]张立志,孙亚娟,宋银平,等.不同强度林火干扰对红花尔基樟子松天然林更新的影响[J].防护林科技,2015,(5):16–19.
[21]倪宝龙,刘兆刚.不同强度火干扰下盘古林场天然落叶松林的空间结构[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):4975–4984.
[22]孙向阳,土壤学[M],北京:中国林业出版社,2013:248–250.
[23]韩春兰,邵帅,王秋兵,等.兴安落叶松林火干扰后土壤有机碳含量变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):3023-3033.
[24]赵志霞,李正才,周君刚,等.火烧对中国北亚热带天然马尾松林土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,(01):135–140.
[25]周文昌,牟长城,刘夏,等.火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽和落叶松-苔草沼泽凋落物和土壤碳储量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6387–6395.
[26]郭剑芬,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.火烧对森林土壤有机碳的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,(09):2800–2809.
[27]沙丽清,邓继武,谢克金,等.西双版纳次生林火烧前后土壤养分变化的研究[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(6):513–517.
[28]闫平,王景升.森林火灾对兴安落叶松林生态系统碳素分布及储量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(4):46–48.
[29]任清胜,辛颖,赵雨森.重度火烧对大兴安岭落叶松天然林土壤团聚体有机碳和黑碳的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,(02):29-36.
[30]刘发林.林火对土壤有机质的影响研究综述[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):239–245.
[31]孙毓鑫,吴建平,周丽霞,等.广东鹤山火烧迹地植被恢复后土壤养分含量变化[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):513–517.
[32]孔健健,张亨宇,荆爽.大兴安岭火后演替初期森林土壤养分磷的动态变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1–9.
[33]谷会岩,金靖博,陈祥伟,等.不同火烧强度林火对大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质的长期影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(7):1114–1121
[34]杨黎芳,李贵桐.土壤无机碳研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,(4):986–990.