无人机在林业中的应用及前景展望
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摘要
利用无人机对林业进行信息监测是提升林业信息化和精准化的重要方向,同时也是实现精准林业目标的有力途径。相较于传统林业监测方式,无人机可以实时准确地获取多尺度、多时相、高分辨率的影像数据,提升林区作业的智能化水平,满足智慧林业建设的需求。利用无人机平台搭载多种光学信息采集设备,结合无人机遥感技术并辅以GPS精确定位技术可以高效地实现特征目标信息的收集工作。为了更好地促进无人机技术在林业领域的普及与应用,笔者对无人机技术在林业行业的应用现状及发展前景进行了梳理总结。首先介绍了林用无人机的有关概念、分类及平台优势,重点对当前无人机在林业行业主流应用的实践进行了总结,主要涉及林业病虫害遥感监测、林业火灾监测、野生动植物监测与识别、林业资源调查、林业精准植保以及林业执法等,进而分析了当前无人机在林业领域应用中面临的挑战,同时对林用无人机在续航能力及通讯范围有限、受环境影响大、监管机制不完善等主要问题进行了探讨,为促进无人机技术在林业领域深层次应用提供了参考。
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) has been utilized as a promising platform in various industries globally.The utilization of the UAV has revolutionized many areas such as military,civil and rescue,agriculture,and forestry domains. Applying the UAV to forestry information collection is a crucial approach to contribute to the digitization and precision forestry management. Compared with the conventional monitoring and surveillance methods,the UAV has various advantages including effective data and material acquisition capability with high resolution advantage,which makes it an ideal tool for forestry monitoring. Applying the UAV technique into forestry industry can acquire multiple scales,multiple time phases and high-resolution information when compared with traditional monitoring methods,which greatly improves the automation level of forestry operations and meets the practical needs of intelligent forestry management. Practical applications achieved with the help of the UAV can greatly reduce the requirement for both time and cost. The UAV remote sensing technique combines the UAV platform,multiple external sensors and information acquisition equipment can effectively realize target information collection goal with the assistance of accurate GPS technology. To better facilitate the UAV application and popularization in forestry,this reviewsummarizes the current development conditions and conducts future development of the UAV applications in forestry industry. On the basis of concept,classification and advantage introductions,the mainstream application practices of the UAV are reviewed,including forestry pest and insect monitoring,wild fire monitoring,wild animal and plant monitoring and recognition,forestry resource investigation,mechanized conservation equipment and forestry enforcement. The most advanced techniques and methods in related cases are presented herein. By reviewing the classic research,detailed implementations are analyzed in terms of platform types, configuration categories, work scenarios and field requirements. Challenges in current development conditions such as limited endurance performance and communication range,easy vulnerability in forestry environment,and incomplete regulatory mechanism are presented. Besides,the possible applications in forestry practices were suggested,which can provides references for better and advanced development of the UAV in the future.
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) has been utilized as a promising platform in various industries globally.The utilization of the UAV has revolutionized many areas such as military,civil and rescue,agriculture,and forestry domains. Applying the UAV to forestry information collection is a crucial approach to contribute to the digitization and precision forestry management. Compared with the conventional monitoring and surveillance methods,the UAV has various advantages including effective data and material acquisition capability with high resolution advantage,which makes it an ideal tool for forestry monitoring. Applying the UAV technique into forestry industry can acquire multiple scales,multiple time phases and high-resolution information when compared with traditional monitoring methods,which greatly improves the automation level of forestry operations and meets the practical needs of intelligent forestry management. Practical applications achieved with the help of the UAV can greatly reduce the requirement for both time and cost. The UAV remote sensing technique combines the UAV platform,multiple external sensors and information acquisition equipment can effectively realize target information collection goal with the assistance of accurate GPS technology. To better facilitate the UAV application and popularization in forestry,this reviewsummarizes the current development conditions and conducts future development of the UAV applications in forestry industry. On the basis of concept,classification and advantage introductions,the mainstream application practices of the UAV are reviewed,including forestry pest and insect monitoring,wild fire monitoring,wild animal and plant monitoring and recognition,forestry resource investigation,mechanized conservation equipment and forestry enforcement. The most advanced techniques and methods in related cases are presented herein. By reviewing the classic research,detailed implementations are analyzed in terms of platform types, configuration categories, work scenarios and field requirements. Challenges in current development conditions such as limited endurance performance and communication range,easy vulnerability in forestry environment,and incomplete regulatory mechanism are presented. Besides,the possible applications in forestry practices were suggested,which can provides references for better and advanced development of the UAV in the future.
引文
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[13]TRISTANR H,NICHOLASC,PETERL,et al. Unmanned aerial systems for precision forest inventory purposes:a review and case study[J]. Forestry Chronicle,2017,93(1):71-81.
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[20]SHAHBAZI M,THAU J,MNARD P. Recent applications of unmanned aerial imagery in natural resource management[J]. GIScience&Remote Sensing,2014,51(4):339-365.
[21]刘建刚,赵春江,杨贵军,等.无人机遥感解析田间作物表型信息研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):98-106.LIU J G,ZHAO C J,YANG G J,et al. Review of field-based phenotyping by unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(24):98-106.
[22]孙刚,黄文江,陈鹏飞,等.轻小型无人机多光谱遥感技术应用进展[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(3):1-17.SUN G,HUANG W J,CHEN P F,et al.Advances in UAV-based multispectral remote sensing applications[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):1-17.
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