人工草地建设对甘南草原土壤理化特性和微生物数量特征的影响
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摘要
研究甘南草原高寒草甸退化草地人工种草后土壤理化性质和微生物数量特征,为退化草地的修复与利用提供参考。于2017年5,7,10月分别采集播种燕麦、黑麦及其未播种的草地土壤,测定其理化特性及微生物数量特征。结果表明:人工种植的黑麦草地土壤水分均大于燕麦人工草地,5,7月人工草地土壤含水量均显著大于对照草地,但10月差异不显著(P>0.05);pH在各月份不同播种方式下差异均不显著(P>0.05);土壤全氮、全磷在不同月份间差异亦不显著(P>0.05),但黑麦人工草地5月10—20cm层的有机碳、10月40—50cm层的全氮含量均显著大于燕麦人工草地及对照样地(P<0.05),7月20—30cm层燕麦人工草地的有机碳含量显著大于黑麦人工草地及对照草地;5月0—30cm层燕麦人工草地和黑麦人工草地的细菌数量显著高于对照草地的细菌数量(P<0.05),7月0—10cm层人工草地细菌数量显著高于对照草地(P<0.05),10月黑麦人工草地0—30cm层细菌数量均显著高于对照草地(P<0.05);5,10月真菌数量在0—10cm层人工草地显著高于对照草地(P<0.05),7月10—30cm层人工草地的真菌数量、0—10cm层的放线菌数量均显著高于对照草地(P<0.05);冗余分析发现,土壤细菌和真菌的变化具有联动性,且与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷等养分呈正相关。综上,人工种草后土壤养分的变化导致了土壤微生物数量的差异,这需要在草地管理中予以重视。
The aim of the current study was to examine the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity characteristics and to provide a reference for the restoration and utilization of the degraded grassland in alpine meadow of Gannan,Gansu Province.Soils were classified as reseeded rye group,reseeded oat group and non-reseeded(control group),and the soil was collected from the above three groups on May,July and October 2017,respectively,to investigate their physiochemical characteristics and the microbial quantity characteristics.Results showed that the soil water contents of reseeded rye grassland was significantly higher than that of oat grassland(P<0.05),the soil water contents of the above grassland were significantly higher than that of control in May and July,while there was no significant difference in October(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in pH among different sowing methods in each month(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in total nitrogen and phosphorus contents among different soil groups(P>0.05).However,the soil organic carbon contents in 10-20 cm soil layer in May,and the total nitrogen content in 40-50 cm soil layer in October of the reseeded rye group were significantly higher thanthe same parameters of the oat and control groups(P<0.05).On the contrary,the soil organic carbon content in 20-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded oat group was significantly higher than those of the rye and control groups in July.In May,the soil bacterial loads in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),while the same parameter in 0-10 cm soil of reseeded groups was significantly higher than that of the control group in July(P<0.05),and the bacterial load in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye group was significantly higher than that of the control in October(P<0.05).In May and October,the fungal load in 0-10 cm soil layer of both reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the fungal load in 10-30 cm soil layer and actinomycelial load in 0-10 cm soil layer of reseeded groups were significantly higher than that of control group in July(P<0.05).Redundancy analysis showed that the changes of soil bacteria and fungi were linkage,and positively correlated with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and other nutrients.Therefore,it could be concluded that the changes of soil nutrients after supplementary sowing had led to the differences in soil microbial quantity,which needed attention in grassland restoration and management practices.
The aim of the current study was to examine the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity characteristics and to provide a reference for the restoration and utilization of the degraded grassland in alpine meadow of Gannan,Gansu Province.Soils were classified as reseeded rye group,reseeded oat group and non-reseeded(control group),and the soil was collected from the above three groups on May,July and October 2017,respectively,to investigate their physiochemical characteristics and the microbial quantity characteristics.Results showed that the soil water contents of reseeded rye grassland was significantly higher than that of oat grassland(P<0.05),the soil water contents of the above grassland were significantly higher than that of control in May and July,while there was no significant difference in October(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in pH among different sowing methods in each month(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in total nitrogen and phosphorus contents among different soil groups(P>0.05).However,the soil organic carbon contents in 10-20 cm soil layer in May,and the total nitrogen content in 40-50 cm soil layer in October of the reseeded rye group were significantly higher thanthe same parameters of the oat and control groups(P<0.05).On the contrary,the soil organic carbon content in 20-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded oat group was significantly higher than those of the rye and control groups in July.In May,the soil bacterial loads in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),while the same parameter in 0-10 cm soil of reseeded groups was significantly higher than that of the control group in July(P<0.05),and the bacterial load in 0-30 cm soil layer of the reseeded rye group was significantly higher than that of the control in October(P<0.05).In May and October,the fungal load in 0-10 cm soil layer of both reseeded rye and oat groups were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the fungal load in 10-30 cm soil layer and actinomycelial load in 0-10 cm soil layer of reseeded groups were significantly higher than that of control group in July(P<0.05).Redundancy analysis showed that the changes of soil bacteria and fungi were linkage,and positively correlated with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and other nutrients.Therefore,it could be concluded that the changes of soil nutrients after supplementary sowing had led to the differences in soil microbial quantity,which needed attention in grassland restoration and management practices.
引文
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[20]王国兵,阮宏华,唐燕飞,等.北亚热带次生栎林与火炬松人工林土壤微生物生物量碳的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):37-42.
[21]谢龙莲,陈秋波,王真辉,等.环境变化对土壤微生物的影响[J].热带农业科学,2004,24(3):39-47.
[22] Pascual J A,Garcia C,Hernandez T,et al.Soil microbial activity as a biomarker of degradation and remediation processes.[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32(13):1877-1883.
[23] Banerjee S,Schlaeppi K,Van M D H.Keystone taxa as drivers of microbiome structure and functioning[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2018,doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0024-1.
[2]朱炜歆,索南吉,顾振宽,等.甘南草地土壤微生物与理化特性[J].草业科学,2012,29(10):1491-1496.
[3]张中华,周华坤,赵新全,等.青藏高原高寒草地生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系[J].生物多样性,2018,26(2):111-129.
[4]张宪洲,王小丹,高清竹,等.开展高寒退化生态系统恢复与重建技术研究,助力西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7083-7087.
[5]董世魁,蒲小鹏,胡自治.青藏高原高寒人工草地生产-生态范式[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:2-76.
[6]贾倩民,陈彦云,杨阳,等.不同人工草地对干旱区弃耕地土壤理化性质及微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):178-220.
[7]字洪标,刘敏,阿的鲁骥,等.三江源区不同建植年限对人工草地土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):978-987.
[8]魏媛,张金池,俞元春,等.退化喀斯特植被恢复对土壤微生物数量及群落功能多样性的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(2):230-235.
[9]蒋永梅,师尚礼,田永亮,等.高寒草地不同退化程度下土壤微生物及土壤酶活性变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):244-249.
[10]马维伟,王辉,李广,等.甘南尕海湿地不同植被退化阶段土壤有机碳含量及动态[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):254-259.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:42-50.
[12]尹伟,胡玉昆,柳妍妍,等.巴音布鲁克高寒人工草地土壤可培养微生物区系特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):303-308.
[13]赖江山,米湘成.基于Vegan软件包的生态学数据排序分析[C]∥厦门大学.第九届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集.厦门:厦门大学,2012:332-343.
[14]魏永胜,梁宗锁,山仑.草地退化的水分因素[J].草业科学,2004,21(10):13-18.
[15]李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.宁夏不同类型盐渍化土壤微生物区系及多样性[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):107-111.
[16]王海英,宫渊波,陈林武.嘉陵江上游不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):172-177.
[17]李新荣,龙利群,王新平,等.干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物结皮的生态学意义及若干研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(1):4-11.
[18] Jia B,Wang Y,Xie Z.Responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to drought over China:Modeling sensitivities of the interactive nitrogen and dynamic vegetation[J].Ecological Modelling,2018,368:52-68.
[19] Spohn M,Klaus K,Wanek W,et al.Microbial carbon use efficiency and biomass turnover times depending on soil depth-Implications for carbon cycling[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,96:74-81.
[20]王国兵,阮宏华,唐燕飞,等.北亚热带次生栎林与火炬松人工林土壤微生物生物量碳的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):37-42.
[21]谢龙莲,陈秋波,王真辉,等.环境变化对土壤微生物的影响[J].热带农业科学,2004,24(3):39-47.
[22] Pascual J A,Garcia C,Hernandez T,et al.Soil microbial activity as a biomarker of degradation and remediation processes.[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32(13):1877-1883.
[23] Banerjee S,Schlaeppi K,Van M D H.Keystone taxa as drivers of microbiome structure and functioning[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2018,doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0024-1.