蛋白泡沫灭火剂及其组分的发光菌毒性试验研究
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摘要
蛋白泡沫灭火剂是我国主要使用的一类泡沫灭火剂,其广泛使用所带来的环境问题正日益受到关注,评估其水生毒性可考察其在火场使用后进入环境的生态风险。采用发光细菌法测定水解蛋白及其他蛋白泡沫灭火剂组分的相对发光强度,并计算三种常用蛋白泡沫灭火剂产品对发光细菌的EC50值,通过与文献数据进行比较,分析其与文献数据存在差异的原因。试验结果表明:在相同浓度条件下,NaOH水解蛋白浓缩液的发光菌毒性要高于CaO水解蛋白浓缩液;在0.5%混合比时,苯酚和硫酸亚铁的添加不影响水解蛋白的毒性;测得3%P、3%FP、3%FFFP的EC50值分别为3 956.55mg/L、6 000.68mg/L和63.78mg/L,得到几种泡沫灭火剂的毒性从小到大的顺序为3%FP<3%P<6%AFFF/AR<6%AFFF<3%AFFF/AR<3%FFFP,其中FP和P的毒性远低于AFFF,但FFFP的毒性高于AFFF,该毒性顺序与国外测定不一致,主要与受试生物和产品组分差异有关。
Protein foam is one of the commonly used fire extinguishing agents in China,the environmental problems caused by the extensive use of which is attracting public attention.Its ecological risk after entering the environment could be described by evaluating its aquatic ecotoxicity.This paper measures the relative luminous intensity of hydrolyzed protein and other components of the protein foam,calculates the EC50 values of three kinds of protein foam products and compares with literature data.The test results show that the toxicity of hydrolyzed protein which is hydrolyzed by NaOH is higher than that by CaO with the same concentration.When the mix ratio is 0.5%,the addition of phenol and ferrous sulfate does not affect the photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity of hydrolyzed protein.The EC50 values of three kinds of protein foam,namely,3%P,3%FP and 3%FFFP are 3956.55mg/L,6000.68mg/L and 63.78mg/L,respectively.The toxicity order of several fire extinguishing agents is 3%FP<3%P<6%AFFF/AR<6%AFFF<3%AFFF/AR <3%FFFP,in which the toxicity of FP and P is much lower than that of AFFF,but the toxicity of FFFP is much higher than that of AFFF.The order is different from that in overseas literature data and this is mainly due to the difference between the test organisms and product composition.
Protein foam is one of the commonly used fire extinguishing agents in China,the environmental problems caused by the extensive use of which is attracting public attention.Its ecological risk after entering the environment could be described by evaluating its aquatic ecotoxicity.This paper measures the relative luminous intensity of hydrolyzed protein and other components of the protein foam,calculates the EC50 values of three kinds of protein foam products and compares with literature data.The test results show that the toxicity of hydrolyzed protein which is hydrolyzed by NaOH is higher than that by CaO with the same concentration.When the mix ratio is 0.5%,the addition of phenol and ferrous sulfate does not affect the photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity of hydrolyzed protein.The EC50 values of three kinds of protein foam,namely,3%P,3%FP and 3%FFFP are 3956.55mg/L,6000.68mg/L and 63.78mg/L,respectively.The toxicity order of several fire extinguishing agents is 3%FP<3%P<6%AFFF/AR<6%AFFF<3%AFFF/AR <3%FFFP,in which the toxicity of FP and P is much lower than that of AFFF,but the toxicity of FFFP is much higher than that of AFFF.The order is different from that in overseas literature data and this is mainly due to the difference between the test organisms and product composition.
引文
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[14]Król B,Prochaska K,Chrzanowski L.Biodegradability of firefighting foams[J].Fire Technology,2012,48(2):173-181.
[2]张宪忠,包志明,傅学成,等.泡沫灭火剂快速生物降解能力评估方法研究[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(2):68-72.
[3]Moody C A,Field J A.Perfluorinated surfactants and the environmental implications of their use in fire-fighting foams[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2000,34(18):3864-3870.
[4]Ruppert W H,Verdonik D P,Hanauska C.Environmental Impacts of Fire Fighting Foams[R].Baltimore:Hughes Associates Inc.,2005:1-18.
[5]Adams R,Simmons D.Ecological effects of fire fighting foams and retardants[C]//Australian Bushfire Conference.Albury:Charles Sturt University Press,1999.
[6]Karsa D R,Porter M R.Biodegradability of Surfactants[M].Glasgow,UK:Blackie Academic&Professional,1995.
[7]李汝,逯南南,李梅,等.费氏弧菌综合毒性法对不同种类污染物的应急监测试验研究[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):104-109.
[8]刘国光,王莉霞,徐海娟,等.水生生物毒性试验研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(6):419-421.
[9]阎鹏,孙礼,李百祥.利用发光菌快速检测环境污染物急性毒性的研究概况[J].环境与健康杂志,2001,18(4):250-252.
[10]张宪忠,包志明,傅学成.发光细菌法测定水成膜泡沫急性毒性[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(2):255-258.
[11]朱广军.蛋白泡沫灭火剂的制备研究[J].精细石油化工,1994(1):47-49.
[12]冯伟,李晓琦,赵辉.浅谈蛋白泡沫灭火剂除臭和储存寿命[J].消防科学与技术,2006,25(S1):69-70.
[13]朱文杰,郑天凌,李伟民.发光细菌与环境毒性检测[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[14]Król B,Prochaska K,Chrzanowski L.Biodegradability of firefighting foams[J].Fire Technology,2012,48(2):173-181.