石灰土盐基离子迁移对模拟酸雨的响应
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摘要
为揭示酸雨条件下石灰土盐基离子迁移特征及其缓冲性能,对石灰土进行了室内模拟酸雨淋溶试验,探讨酸雨酸度、土层厚度、土表覆被对石灰土酸化/石灰土抗酸性以及盐基离子迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)在p H=3.5、4.5、5.5的酸雨淋溶下,石灰土盐基离子迁移量差异不显著,对酸雨具有极强的缓冲能力。期间,Ca~(2+)与Mg~(2+)释放呈显著线性相关。(2)土壤厚度对石灰土抗酸性有极显著影响,土壤越厚,对酸雨的抗性越大,反之越小。(3)土厚比1∶2.5∶5的石灰土盐基离子淋失状况为K+淋失量1∶1.43∶2.06,Ca~(2+)淋失量为1∶1.63∶3.13,Mg~(2+)淋失量为1∶1.64∶3.15,表明土厚的增加能大大降低酸雨对盐基的淋溶。(4)石灰土土表覆盖不同,其盐基离子迁移淋溶量差异明显,但并不对土壤酸化效应产生显著影响。
In order to reveal the characteristics of soil base cations migration and their buffering properties under the influence of simulated acid rain in lime soil,we have made a simulation test of acid rain leaching on lime soil of karst areas.Results show that there is no significant difference in the amount of ionic migration of lime soil under rainfall of p H = 3.5,4.5 and 5.5,indicative of a strong buffering capacity to acid rain.During the simulation period,the release of Ca~(2+)is significantly linearly related to the release of Mg~(2+).In addition,soil thickness has a remarkable influence on the acid resistance of lime soil.The thicker the soil,the greater the resistance,and vice versa.Then the leaching rate of soil thickness ratio 1 ∶ 2.5 ∶ 5 base ion is analyzed.Results show that the leaching losses are 1 ∶ 1.43 ∶ 2.06 for K+,1 ∶ 1.63 ∶ 3.13 for Ca~(2+),and 1 ∶ 1.64 ∶ 3.15 for Mg~(2+),respectively.The increase of soil thickness can greatly reduce the leaching of acid rain to the baseions.While lime soil surface cover has a different expression,in which base cations are different in migration and leaching,but do not have significant effect on soil acidification.
In order to reveal the characteristics of soil base cations migration and their buffering properties under the influence of simulated acid rain in lime soil,we have made a simulation test of acid rain leaching on lime soil of karst areas.Results show that there is no significant difference in the amount of ionic migration of lime soil under rainfall of p H = 3.5,4.5 and 5.5,indicative of a strong buffering capacity to acid rain.During the simulation period,the release of Ca~(2+)is significantly linearly related to the release of Mg~(2+).In addition,soil thickness has a remarkable influence on the acid resistance of lime soil.The thicker the soil,the greater the resistance,and vice versa.Then the leaching rate of soil thickness ratio 1 ∶ 2.5 ∶ 5 base ion is analyzed.Results show that the leaching losses are 1 ∶ 1.43 ∶ 2.06 for K+,1 ∶ 1.63 ∶ 3.13 for Ca~(2+),and 1 ∶ 1.64 ∶ 3.15 for Mg~(2+),respectively.The increase of soil thickness can greatly reduce the leaching of acid rain to the baseions.While lime soil surface cover has a different expression,in which base cations are different in migration and leaching,but do not have significant effect on soil acidification.
引文
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[17]周运超,周习会,周玮.贵州岩溶土壤形成及其可持续利用[J].山地农业生物学报,2005,24(5):419-425.
[18]蒋秋怡,何黎明,马跃,等.用模拟酸雨淋溶法研究红壤和红色石灰土的盐基迁移状况[J].浙江林学院学报,1993(03):4-12.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]Liu K H,Mansell R S,Rhue R D.Cation removal during application of acid solutions into air-dry soil columns.[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1990,54(6):1747-1753.
[21]Hartikainen H.Soil Response to Acid Percolation:Acid-Base Buffering and Cation Leaching[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,25(4):638-645.
[22]戎秋涛,杨春茂,徐文彬.模拟酸雨对浙东北红壤中盐基离子和铝的淋失影响研究[J].环境科学学报,1997(1):33-39.
[23]孟范平,李桂芳.酸雨对土壤元素化学行为的影响[J].中南林学院学报,1998(1):27-34.
[2]陈静.大气酸沉降及其环境效应的研究进展[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999(1):82-88.
[3]徐炜.模拟酸雨淋溶下粤北土壤离子释放特征及机理研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.
[4]仇荣亮,吴箐.陆地生态环境酸沉降敏感性研究[J].环境科学进展,1997(4):9-23.
[5]孙水娟,文倩,谢平.酸雨对土壤质量影响的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(5):2774-2777.
[6]凌大炯,章家恩,欧阳颖.酸雨对土壤生态系统影响的研究进展[J].土壤,2007(4):514-521.
[7]仇荣亮,董汉英,吕越娜,等.南方土壤酸沉降敏感性研究Ⅶ:盐基淋溶与缓冲机理[J].环境科学,1997(5):25-29.
[8]刘俐,周友亚,宋存义,等.模拟酸雨淋溶下红壤中盐基离子释放及缓冲机制研究[J].环境科学研究,2008(2):49-55.
[9]廖柏寒,李长生.土壤对酸沉降缓冲机制探讨[J].环境科学,1989(1):30-34.
[10]萧月芳,史衍玺,刘春生,等.模拟酸雨对山东主要土壤类型理化性质的影响[J].环境科学,1997(3):28-31.
[11]刘春生,宋国菡,史衍玺,等.模拟酸雨对山东棕壤理化性质影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1998(2):79-84.
[12]刘俐,宋存义,李发生.模拟酸雨对红壤中硅铝铁释放的影响[J].环境科学,2007(10):2376-2382.
[13]郭朝晖,黄昌勇,廖柏寒.模拟酸雨对红壤中铝和水溶性有机质溶出及重金属活动性的影响[J].土壤学报,2003(3):380-385.
[14]凌大炯,章家恩,黄倩春,等.模拟酸雨对砖红壤盐基离子迁移和释放的影响[J].土壤学报,2007(3):444-450.
[15]李佳,李巍,侯锦湘,等.贵州地区酸雨作用下典型森林植被冠层淋溶规律研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(10):1297-1302.
[16]周运超,王世杰,卢红梅.喀斯特石漠化过程中土壤的空间分布[J].地球与环境,2010,38(1):1-7.
[17]周运超,周习会,周玮.贵州岩溶土壤形成及其可持续利用[J].山地农业生物学报,2005,24(5):419-425.
[18]蒋秋怡,何黎明,马跃,等.用模拟酸雨淋溶法研究红壤和红色石灰土的盐基迁移状况[J].浙江林学院学报,1993(03):4-12.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]Liu K H,Mansell R S,Rhue R D.Cation removal during application of acid solutions into air-dry soil columns.[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1990,54(6):1747-1753.
[21]Hartikainen H.Soil Response to Acid Percolation:Acid-Base Buffering and Cation Leaching[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,25(4):638-645.
[22]戎秋涛,杨春茂,徐文彬.模拟酸雨对浙东北红壤中盐基离子和铝的淋失影响研究[J].环境科学学报,1997(1):33-39.
[23]孟范平,李桂芳.酸雨对土壤元素化学行为的影响[J].中南林学院学报,1998(1):27-34.