1990—2014年广州市耕地功能评价分析
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摘要
[目的]我国目前处于城镇化发展和建设小康社会的重要阶段,农村耕地不可避免被大量占用,如果能将耕地的多功能性融入到新型城镇化发展中,则可以促进耕地可持续利用,同时也有效保护耕地。[方法]以广州市为例,把耕地功能分为生产功能、生态功能以及社会功能3项,选取粮食产量等10个指标构建耕地功能综合评价模型,运用熵值法确定指标权重,GIS技术为辅,同时穿插计量学等方法,对广州市农村耕地功能进行综合评价分析。[结果]近25年来,广州市耕地生产功能不断下降,从0. 480下降到0. 140,减幅较大;生态功能波动不大,从0. 070减少到0. 064,比较平缓;社会功能持续上升,从0. 032增加到0. 384,增幅明显。[结论]广州市的耕地功能综合得分总体处于中等水平,耕地生产功能为主转向社会功能为主,经济、人口以及政策因素是影响耕地功能的主要驱动因素。对广州市耕地功能进行评价分析能够丰富特大城市耕地功能相关研究成果,揭示经济快速发展地区耕地功能向多样化方向发展的规律。
At present,China is currently in an important stage of urbanization development and building a well-off society,and rural land is occupied by a lot of inevitable usage. If the versatility of the cultivated land can be integrated into the new urbanization development,it can promote the sustainable utilization of cultivated land and effectively protect cultivated land. Taking Guangzhou as an example,this study divided the function of cultivated land into three parts including production function,ecological function and social function. Ten indexes,such as grain yield,were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of cultivated land function. The entropy value method was used to determine the index weight,supplemented by GIS technology. Interpolation and other methods were used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the rural cultivated land function in Guangzhou. Over the past25 years,the cultivated land of production function has been declining in Guangzhou,from 0. 480 to 0. 140,with a large decrease; the ecological function has not been changed obviously,from 0. 070 to 0. 064,which is relatively flat; and the social function has been continued to rise,from 0. 032 to 0. 384,with a significant increase. The comprehensive score of cultivated land function in Guangzhou is generally in the middle level. The main function of cultivated land production is to turn to social function. Economic,population and policy factors are the main driving factors affecting the function of cultivated land. The evaluation and analysis of cultivated land function in Guangzhou can enrich the relevant research results of cultivated land function in mega-cities and reveal the law of diversification of cultivated land function with rapid economic development.
At present,China is currently in an important stage of urbanization development and building a well-off society,and rural land is occupied by a lot of inevitable usage. If the versatility of the cultivated land can be integrated into the new urbanization development,it can promote the sustainable utilization of cultivated land and effectively protect cultivated land. Taking Guangzhou as an example,this study divided the function of cultivated land into three parts including production function,ecological function and social function. Ten indexes,such as grain yield,were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of cultivated land function. The entropy value method was used to determine the index weight,supplemented by GIS technology. Interpolation and other methods were used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the rural cultivated land function in Guangzhou. Over the past25 years,the cultivated land of production function has been declining in Guangzhou,from 0. 480 to 0. 140,with a large decrease; the ecological function has not been changed obviously,from 0. 070 to 0. 064,which is relatively flat; and the social function has been continued to rise,from 0. 032 to 0. 384,with a significant increase. The comprehensive score of cultivated land function in Guangzhou is generally in the middle level. The main function of cultivated land production is to turn to social function. Economic,population and policy factors are the main driving factors affecting the function of cultivated land. The evaluation and analysis of cultivated land function in Guangzhou can enrich the relevant research results of cultivated land function in mega-cities and reveal the law of diversification of cultivated land function with rapid economic development.
引文
[1]宋小青,吴志峰,欧阳竹. 1949年以来中国耕地功能变化.地理学报,2014,69(4):435-447.
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[6] Ankana. Land and Forest Management by Land Use/land Cover Analysis and Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Land-scape Ecology,2016,9(1):63-77.
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[9]李家会,董玉祥.大都市区不同土地利用系统转换时空分异特征——以广州市为例.热带地理,2018,38(2):264-273.
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[12]赵华甫,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.基于农户调查的北京郊区耕地保护困境分析.中国土地科学,2008,22(3):28-33.
[13]杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变.地理研究,2014,33(6):1106-1118.
[14]郑华伟,张锐,孟展,等.基于PSR模型与集对分析的耕地生态安全诊断.中国土地科学,2015,12(29):42-50.
[15]周瑞平,吴全,于艳华,等.呼和浩特市土地综合承载力区域差异分析.内蒙古师范大学学报:自然科学,2013,42(5):590-596.
[16] Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science,2010,327(19):1008-1010.
[17]武琳.基于新型城镇化的耕地功能评价研究——以西安市周至县为例.西安:长安大学,2014,1-52.
[18]王娜,涂建军,孙祥龙,等.基于灰色模糊评价法的耕地社会功能评价——以重庆市为例.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(10):144-149.
[19]吴克宁,韩春建,孙志英,等.城市化对郑州市土壤功能演变的影响.土壤通报,2007(1):21-26.
[20]陈睿山,蔡运龙,严祥,等.土地系统功能及其可持续性评价.中国土地科学,2011,25(1):8-15.
[21]张英男,龙花楼,戈大专,等.黄淮海平原耕地功能演变的时空特征及其驱动机制.地理学报,2018,73(3):518-534.
[22]戈大专,龙花楼,杨忍.中国耕地利用转型格局及驱动因素研究——基于人均耕地面积视角.资源科学,2018,40(2):273-283.
[23]杨朝现,陈荣蓉,谢德体.重庆市不同经济区土地利用变化及其驱动力差异性分析.中国农学通报,2005(2):291-295,299.
[24]陈浩龙,刘毅华,吴大放,等.基于县域单元的广东省土地利用绩效空间差异研究.热带地理,2013,33(1):48-55.
[25]保家有,王海华.亦庄新城地区土地利用时空动态变化及其驱动因素分析.科学技术与工程,2008,8(6):1522-1529.
[26]程旭,杨海娟.城市扩张对大城市周边基本农田的影响——以西安市长安区为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017(8):25-34.
[27]吴霞,王世荣,尚红莺,等.宁夏近18年来耕地面积动态变化及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2017(8):98-104.
[28]吴大放,刘艳艳,王朝晖.基于Logistic-CA的珠海市耕地变化机理分析.经济地理,2014,34(1):140-147.
[29]郗凤明,贺红士,胡远满,等.辽宁中部城市群城市增长时空格局及其驱动力.应用生态学报,2010,21(3):707-713.
[30]吴大放,姚漪颖,刘艳艳,等. 1996—2012广州市土地利用变化及驱动力分析.广东农业科学,2015,6:166-175.
[31]银杰,南灵.城市建设用地扩展特征及驱动力分析——以西安市为例.企业经济,2013(7):150-153.
[32]高练,周勇.武汉市土地利用/土地覆盖变化的生态环境效应分析.农业工程学报,2008,24(S1):73-77.
[33]任春颖,张柏,王宗明,等.松嫩平原西部农牧交错区土地利用变化及驱动力分析——以吉林省通榆县为例.干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):96-102.
[34]宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架.地理学报,2017,72(3):471-487.
[2] FAO,The Future of Our Land:Facing the Challenge-Guidelines for Integrated land use Planning. Rome FAO/UNEP,1999.
[3] Blum WE. Basic concepts:Degradation,Resilience,and Rehabilitation. Boca Ration,New York:CRC Press,1998:1-16.
[4] Sylvie F,,Mbolatiana R. Agricultural Activities,Rural Areas and Natural Environment:Drawing up the Frontiers of the MultifunctionalityConcept. Rural Landscapes and Agricultural Policies in Europe. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2009,21-34.
[5] Helming Katharina,Diehl Katharina,Bach Hanne,et al. Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Policies Affecting land Use,Part A:AnalyticalFramework. Ecology and Society,2011,16(1):29.
[6] Ankana. Land and Forest Management by Land Use/land Cover Analysis and Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Land-scape Ecology,2016,9(1):63-77.
[7]李宪文,林培,朱德举.我国耕地调控的科学内涵及模式探讨.中国土地科学,1999(1):20-25.
[8]宋小青,欧阳竹.耕地多功能内涵及其对耕地保护的启示.地理科学进展,2012,31(7):859-868.
[9]李家会,董玉祥.大都市区不同土地利用系统转换时空分异特征——以广州市为例.热带地理,2018,38(2):264-273.
[10]蔡运龙.中国农村转型与耕地保护机制.地理科学,2001,21(1):1-6.
[11]霍雅勤,蔡运龙,王瑛.耕地对农民的效用考察及耕地功能分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(3):105-108.
[12]赵华甫,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.基于农户调查的北京郊区耕地保护困境分析.中国土地科学,2008,22(3):28-33.
[13]杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变.地理研究,2014,33(6):1106-1118.
[14]郑华伟,张锐,孟展,等.基于PSR模型与集对分析的耕地生态安全诊断.中国土地科学,2015,12(29):42-50.
[15]周瑞平,吴全,于艳华,等.呼和浩特市土地综合承载力区域差异分析.内蒙古师范大学学报:自然科学,2013,42(5):590-596.
[16] Guo J H,Liu X J,Zhang Y,et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science,2010,327(19):1008-1010.
[17]武琳.基于新型城镇化的耕地功能评价研究——以西安市周至县为例.西安:长安大学,2014,1-52.
[18]王娜,涂建军,孙祥龙,等.基于灰色模糊评价法的耕地社会功能评价——以重庆市为例.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(10):144-149.
[19]吴克宁,韩春建,孙志英,等.城市化对郑州市土壤功能演变的影响.土壤通报,2007(1):21-26.
[20]陈睿山,蔡运龙,严祥,等.土地系统功能及其可持续性评价.中国土地科学,2011,25(1):8-15.
[21]张英男,龙花楼,戈大专,等.黄淮海平原耕地功能演变的时空特征及其驱动机制.地理学报,2018,73(3):518-534.
[22]戈大专,龙花楼,杨忍.中国耕地利用转型格局及驱动因素研究——基于人均耕地面积视角.资源科学,2018,40(2):273-283.
[23]杨朝现,陈荣蓉,谢德体.重庆市不同经济区土地利用变化及其驱动力差异性分析.中国农学通报,2005(2):291-295,299.
[24]陈浩龙,刘毅华,吴大放,等.基于县域单元的广东省土地利用绩效空间差异研究.热带地理,2013,33(1):48-55.
[25]保家有,王海华.亦庄新城地区土地利用时空动态变化及其驱动因素分析.科学技术与工程,2008,8(6):1522-1529.
[26]程旭,杨海娟.城市扩张对大城市周边基本农田的影响——以西安市长安区为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017(8):25-34.
[27]吴霞,王世荣,尚红莺,等.宁夏近18年来耕地面积动态变化及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2017(8):98-104.
[28]吴大放,刘艳艳,王朝晖.基于Logistic-CA的珠海市耕地变化机理分析.经济地理,2014,34(1):140-147.
[29]郗凤明,贺红士,胡远满,等.辽宁中部城市群城市增长时空格局及其驱动力.应用生态学报,2010,21(3):707-713.
[30]吴大放,姚漪颖,刘艳艳,等. 1996—2012广州市土地利用变化及驱动力分析.广东农业科学,2015,6:166-175.
[31]银杰,南灵.城市建设用地扩展特征及驱动力分析——以西安市为例.企业经济,2013(7):150-153.
[32]高练,周勇.武汉市土地利用/土地覆盖变化的生态环境效应分析.农业工程学报,2008,24(S1):73-77.
[33]任春颖,张柏,王宗明,等.松嫩平原西部农牧交错区土地利用变化及驱动力分析——以吉林省通榆县为例.干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):96-102.
[34]宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架.地理学报,2017,72(3):471-487.