重庆直辖以来乡村人居环境可持续发展力及其时空分异研究
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摘要
乡村人居环境是一复杂巨系统,其可持续发展力是各子系统间物质、信息与能量相互流通与交换的结果,本文从经济发展、生产生活、生态环境3个子系统入手构建乡村人居环境可持续发展力的评价指标体系,以1997—2015年重庆市37个区县的面板数据为数据源,运用发展水平(衡量乡村人居环境可持续发展态势)、发展效率(反映乡村人居环境发展趋向可持续的快慢程度)和协调指数(反映各子系统发展水平均衡程度)构建乡村人居环境可持续发展力测度模型,分析了乡村人居环境可持续力并探究其时空分异特征,为因地制宜践行《农村人居环境整治三年行动方案》提供策略支持。结果表明:1997—2015年,乡村人居环境可持续发展力时序上总体态势向好,其中发展水平逐步上升,发展效率波动剧烈,协调性稳步提高,各子系统间可持续发展力差异性较大;乡村人居环境可持续发展力在空间上总体呈现西高东低、"中心-边缘"的分异格局,区县间差异性明显,其中经济发展子系统呈"多级核心-外围"辐射圈层式差异化增长格局、生产生活子系统呈自西向东扩散式增长格局,生态环境子系统总体上先降后升,呈波浪式不均衡增长格局;从政府"制导引导"、城乡"双轮"联动、"点-极-核"整治模式等方面提出了相关整治策略。
As a complex system, the sustainable development ability of rural human settlements is the result of the exchange of materials, information, and energy among its subsystems. This study established an evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of rural human settlements based on the three subsystems of economic development, living-production, and ecological environment, and used panel data from 37 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality from 1997 to 2015 as the data sources. By using development level that measures the sustainable development situation of rural human settlements, development efficiency that reflects the pace of sustainable development, and coordination index that reflects the coordination degree among subsystems, this study analyzed the sustainable development ability of the rural human settlements and examined its spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics, in order to provide some strategies for the practice of the threeyear action plan of rural human settlements improvement in Chongqing Municipality. The results show that,from 1997 to 2015, the overall sustainable development ability of rural human settlements of Chongqing was reasonably high. Among the three subsystems, development level gradually improved, development efficiency fluctuated significantly, coordination degree enhanced stably, and the development level showed great differences among the subsystems. The sustainable development ability of rural human settlements presents a spatial pattern of "low in the east, high in the west" and center-periphery differentiation, as well as wide variations among the districts and counties as a whole. The development level of the economic development subsystem showed a spatial pattern of multilevel core-surrounding zonal differentiated growth. The development level of the living-production subsystem showed a spatial pattern of diffusion growth from the west to the east.The development level of the ecological environment subsystem declined first and then increased and showed a spatially unevenly growth. On these bases, this study put forward some strategies for improvement from the aspects of planning and guidance by the government, urban and rural coordination, and the"point-pole-core"development model.
As a complex system, the sustainable development ability of rural human settlements is the result of the exchange of materials, information, and energy among its subsystems. This study established an evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of rural human settlements based on the three subsystems of economic development, living-production, and ecological environment, and used panel data from 37 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality from 1997 to 2015 as the data sources. By using development level that measures the sustainable development situation of rural human settlements, development efficiency that reflects the pace of sustainable development, and coordination index that reflects the coordination degree among subsystems, this study analyzed the sustainable development ability of the rural human settlements and examined its spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics, in order to provide some strategies for the practice of the threeyear action plan of rural human settlements improvement in Chongqing Municipality. The results show that,from 1997 to 2015, the overall sustainable development ability of rural human settlements of Chongqing was reasonably high. Among the three subsystems, development level gradually improved, development efficiency fluctuated significantly, coordination degree enhanced stably, and the development level showed great differences among the subsystems. The sustainable development ability of rural human settlements presents a spatial pattern of "low in the east, high in the west" and center-periphery differentiation, as well as wide variations among the districts and counties as a whole. The development level of the economic development subsystem showed a spatial pattern of multilevel core-surrounding zonal differentiated growth. The development level of the living-production subsystem showed a spatial pattern of diffusion growth from the west to the east.The development level of the ecological environment subsystem declined first and then increased and showed a spatially unevenly growth. On these bases, this study put forward some strategies for improvement from the aspects of planning and guidance by the government, urban and rural coordination, and the"point-pole-core"development model.
引文
陈明星,陆大道,张华.2009.中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析[J].地理学报,64(4):387-398.[Chen MX,Lu D D,Zhang H.2009.Comprehensive evaluation and the driving factors of China's urbanization.Acta Geographica Sinica,64(4):387-398.]
韩雪婷,郭海.2016.基于人居环境科学视角下的村庄整治规划初探:以甘肃省红砂岘村为例[J].小城镇建设,(2):99-104.[Han X T,Guo H.2016.Initially research on village renovate planning based on the perspective of human settlements science:Take the Hongshaxian Village in Gansu Province as an example.Development of Small Cities&Towns,(2):99-104.]
蒋青纯.2007.重庆市农村基础设施投资研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.[Jiang C Q.2007.Research on rural infrastructure investment of Chongqing.Chongqing,China:Chongqing University.]
李兵弟.2006.通过村庄整治改善农村人居环境[J].小城镇建设,(3):11-13.[Li B D.2006.Improving rural human settlements through village renovation.Development of Small Cities&Towns,(3):11-13.]
李伯华,刘沛林,窦银娣.2014.乡村人居环境系统的自组织演化机理研究[J].经济地理,34(9):130-136.[Li B H,Liu P L,Dou Y D.2014.Analysis of self-organizing evolution mechanism of rural human settlement system.Economic Geography,34(9):130-136.]
李伯华,刘沛林,窦银娣,等.2014.景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变特征及影响机制研究:以大南岳旅游圈为例[J].地理科学,34(11):1353-1360.[Li B H,Liu P L,Dou Y D,et al.2014.Evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of human settlements in rural tourism destinations of edge type of scenic spot:A case study of"great Nanyue tourism circle".Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(11):1353-1360.]
李伯华,曾灿,窦银娣,等.2018.基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制:以湖南江永县兰溪村为例[J].地理科学进展,37(5):677-687.[Li B H,Zeng C,Dou Y D,et al.2018.Change of human settlement environment and driving mechanism in traditional villages based on living-production-ecological space:A case study of Lanxi Village,Jiangyong County,Hunan Province.Progress in Geography,37(5):677-687.]
李滕.2012.重庆市城乡居民消费结构研究[D].重庆:重庆工商大学.[Li T.2012.Research on the consumption structure of urban and rural residents in Chongqing.Chongqing,China:Chongqing Technology and Business University.]
刘彦随.2018.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,73(4):637-650.[Liu Y S.2018.Research on the urbanrural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,73(4):637-650.]
龙冬平,李同昇,苗园园,等.2014.中国农业现代化发展水平空间分异及类型[J].地理学报,69(2):213-226.[Long D P,Li T S,Miao Y Y,et al.2014.The spatial distribution and types of the development level of Chinese agricultural modernization.Acta Geographica Sinica,69(2):213-226.]
唐宁,王成,杜相佐.2018.重庆市乡村人居环境质量评价及其差异化优化调控[J].经济地理,38(1):160-165,173.[Tang N,Wang C,Du X Z.2018.Evaluation of rural human settlements quality and its differentiated optimization in Chongqing Municipality.Economic Geography,38(1):160-165,173.]
王竹,钱振澜,贺勇,等.2015.乡村人居环境“活化”实践:以浙江安吉景坞村为例[J].建筑学报,(9):30-35.[Wang Z,Qian Z L,He Y,et al.2015.Regeneration of rural human settlements:A case study of Jingwu Village in Anji Country,Zhejiang Province.Architectural Journal,(9):30-35.]
许学强,张俊军.2001.广州城市可持续发展的综合评价[J].地理学报,56(1):54-63.[Xu X Q,Zhang J J.2001.Comprehensive evaluation of Guangzhou urban sustainable development.Acta Geographica Sinica,56(1):54-63.]
杨兴柱,王群.2013.皖南旅游区乡村人居环境质量评价及影响分析[J].地理学报,68(6):851-867.[Yang X Z,Wang Q.2013.Evaluation of rural human settlement quality difference and its driving factors in tourism area of southern Anhui Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(6):851-867.]
曾菊新,杨晴青,刘亚晶,等.2016.国家重点生态功能区乡村人居环境演变及影响机制:以湖北省利川市为例[J].人文地理,31(1):81-88.[Zeng J X,Yang Q Q,Liu Y J,et al.2016.Research on evolution and influential mechanism for rural human settlement in national key ecological function areas:A case of Lichuan.Human Geography,31(1):81-88.]
张婧,李强,周渊.2013.陕西省城市可持续发展评价[J].中国人口?资源与环境,23(11):448-453.[Zhang J,Li Q,Zhou Y.2013.The evaluation of the sustainable development of Shaanxi Province.China Population,Resources and Environment,23(11):448-453.]
周侃,蔺雪芹,申玉铭,等.2011.京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价[J].地理科学进展,30(3):361-368.[Zhou K,Lin X Q,Shen Y M,et al.2011.Comprehensive evaluation of human settlement quality in Beijing suburban new countryside.Progress in Geography,30(3):361-368.]
朱彬,张小林,尹旭.2015.江苏省乡村人居环境质量评价及空间格局分析[J].经济地理,35(3):138-144.[Zhu B,Zhang X L,Yin X.2015.Evaluation of rural human settlements quality and its spatial pattern in Jiangsu Province.Economic Geography,35(3):138-144.]
朱琳,孙勤芳,鞠昌华,等.2014.农村人居环境综合整治技术管理政策不足及对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(6):811-815.[Zhu L,Sun Q F,Ju C H,et al.2014.Problems in technological policy of rural human settlement environment and the countermeasures.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,30(6):811-815.]
(1)农村“六小”工程主要包括节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路、草场围栏,该工程为重庆市“十五”期间的农村建设成果。
韩雪婷,郭海.2016.基于人居环境科学视角下的村庄整治规划初探:以甘肃省红砂岘村为例[J].小城镇建设,(2):99-104.[Han X T,Guo H.2016.Initially research on village renovate planning based on the perspective of human settlements science:Take the Hongshaxian Village in Gansu Province as an example.Development of Small Cities&Towns,(2):99-104.]
蒋青纯.2007.重庆市农村基础设施投资研究[D].重庆:重庆大学.[Jiang C Q.2007.Research on rural infrastructure investment of Chongqing.Chongqing,China:Chongqing University.]
李兵弟.2006.通过村庄整治改善农村人居环境[J].小城镇建设,(3):11-13.[Li B D.2006.Improving rural human settlements through village renovation.Development of Small Cities&Towns,(3):11-13.]
李伯华,刘沛林,窦银娣.2014.乡村人居环境系统的自组织演化机理研究[J].经济地理,34(9):130-136.[Li B H,Liu P L,Dou Y D.2014.Analysis of self-organizing evolution mechanism of rural human settlement system.Economic Geography,34(9):130-136.]
李伯华,刘沛林,窦银娣,等.2014.景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变特征及影响机制研究:以大南岳旅游圈为例[J].地理科学,34(11):1353-1360.[Li B H,Liu P L,Dou Y D,et al.2014.Evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of human settlements in rural tourism destinations of edge type of scenic spot:A case study of"great Nanyue tourism circle".Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(11):1353-1360.]
李伯华,曾灿,窦银娣,等.2018.基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制:以湖南江永县兰溪村为例[J].地理科学进展,37(5):677-687.[Li B H,Zeng C,Dou Y D,et al.2018.Change of human settlement environment and driving mechanism in traditional villages based on living-production-ecological space:A case study of Lanxi Village,Jiangyong County,Hunan Province.Progress in Geography,37(5):677-687.]
李滕.2012.重庆市城乡居民消费结构研究[D].重庆:重庆工商大学.[Li T.2012.Research on the consumption structure of urban and rural residents in Chongqing.Chongqing,China:Chongqing Technology and Business University.]
刘彦随.2018.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,73(4):637-650.[Liu Y S.2018.Research on the urbanrural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,73(4):637-650.]
龙冬平,李同昇,苗园园,等.2014.中国农业现代化发展水平空间分异及类型[J].地理学报,69(2):213-226.[Long D P,Li T S,Miao Y Y,et al.2014.The spatial distribution and types of the development level of Chinese agricultural modernization.Acta Geographica Sinica,69(2):213-226.]
唐宁,王成,杜相佐.2018.重庆市乡村人居环境质量评价及其差异化优化调控[J].经济地理,38(1):160-165,173.[Tang N,Wang C,Du X Z.2018.Evaluation of rural human settlements quality and its differentiated optimization in Chongqing Municipality.Economic Geography,38(1):160-165,173.]
王竹,钱振澜,贺勇,等.2015.乡村人居环境“活化”实践:以浙江安吉景坞村为例[J].建筑学报,(9):30-35.[Wang Z,Qian Z L,He Y,et al.2015.Regeneration of rural human settlements:A case study of Jingwu Village in Anji Country,Zhejiang Province.Architectural Journal,(9):30-35.]
许学强,张俊军.2001.广州城市可持续发展的综合评价[J].地理学报,56(1):54-63.[Xu X Q,Zhang J J.2001.Comprehensive evaluation of Guangzhou urban sustainable development.Acta Geographica Sinica,56(1):54-63.]
杨兴柱,王群.2013.皖南旅游区乡村人居环境质量评价及影响分析[J].地理学报,68(6):851-867.[Yang X Z,Wang Q.2013.Evaluation of rural human settlement quality difference and its driving factors in tourism area of southern Anhui Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(6):851-867.]
曾菊新,杨晴青,刘亚晶,等.2016.国家重点生态功能区乡村人居环境演变及影响机制:以湖北省利川市为例[J].人文地理,31(1):81-88.[Zeng J X,Yang Q Q,Liu Y J,et al.2016.Research on evolution and influential mechanism for rural human settlement in national key ecological function areas:A case of Lichuan.Human Geography,31(1):81-88.]
张婧,李强,周渊.2013.陕西省城市可持续发展评价[J].中国人口?资源与环境,23(11):448-453.[Zhang J,Li Q,Zhou Y.2013.The evaluation of the sustainable development of Shaanxi Province.China Population,Resources and Environment,23(11):448-453.]
周侃,蔺雪芹,申玉铭,等.2011.京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价[J].地理科学进展,30(3):361-368.[Zhou K,Lin X Q,Shen Y M,et al.2011.Comprehensive evaluation of human settlement quality in Beijing suburban new countryside.Progress in Geography,30(3):361-368.]
朱彬,张小林,尹旭.2015.江苏省乡村人居环境质量评价及空间格局分析[J].经济地理,35(3):138-144.[Zhu B,Zhang X L,Yin X.2015.Evaluation of rural human settlements quality and its spatial pattern in Jiangsu Province.Economic Geography,35(3):138-144.]
朱琳,孙勤芳,鞠昌华,等.2014.农村人居环境综合整治技术管理政策不足及对策[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(6):811-815.[Zhu L,Sun Q F,Ju C H,et al.2014.Problems in technological policy of rural human settlement environment and the countermeasures.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,30(6):811-815.]
(1)农村“六小”工程主要包括节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路、草场围栏,该工程为重庆市“十五”期间的农村建设成果。