皖南山核桃果实表型性状和种仁主要养分含量的比较及相关性分析
|
摘要
对皖南宁国市、歙县、旌德县和绩溪县山区12个样点山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)果实10个表型性状和种仁7个主要养分含量进行了比较和变异分析,并对这些指标进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果表明:供试12个样点山核桃的果皮厚度为5.02～6.23 mm,单果质量为13.10～21.71 g,果实的横径和纵径分别为27.70～34.28和31.30～39.72 mm,单坚果质量为3.58～5.42 g,坚果的横径和纵径分别为19.23～21.60和21.83～25.75 mm,坚果壳厚度为0.92～1.09 mm,出籽率和出仁率分别为24.43%～28.31%和39.03%～48.10%;种仁的蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为91.1～130.2和468.5～548.8 mg·g~(-1),粗脂肪中硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量分别为3.78%～4.25%、11.63%～12.49%、51.37%～55.57%、25.01%～28.93%和0.29%～0.39%。其中,单果质量、蛋白质含量以及亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量的变异较大,变异系数分别为14.16%、21.75%、10.93%和22.35%,其余指标的变异系数均低于10.00%。总体来看,果实表型性状间的相关性不显著,但种仁主要养分含量间的相关性却显著;坚果横径、坚果壳厚度、出籽率和出仁率与蛋白质和粗脂肪含量以及硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量总体上显著相关,其余果实表型性状与种仁主要养分含量总体上不显著相关。研究结果显示:皖南山核桃种仁的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,且不同样点果实表型性状和种仁主要养分含量存在明显差异;并且,山核桃的坚果横径、坚果壳厚度、出籽率和出仁率对其种仁养分含量有显著影响。
Comparison and variation analysis on 10 phenotypic characters of fruit and 7 main nutrient contents in kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg. from 12 plots in mountainous areas of Ningguo City, Shexian County, Jingde County and Jixi County of Southern Anhui were carried out, and the Pearson correlation among these indexes was analyzed. The results show that pericarp thickness of C. cathayensis from 12 plots tested is 5.02-6.23 mm, single fruit mass does 13.10-21.71 g, fruit horizontal and vertical diameters do 27.70-34.28 and 31.30-39.72 mm, respectively, single nut mass does 3.58-5.42 g, nut horizontal and vertical diameters do 19.23-21.60 and 21.83-25.75 mm, respectively, nut shell thickness does 0.92-1.09 mm, seed and kernel yield rates do 24.43%-28.31% and 39.03%-48.10%, respectively. Contents of protein and crude fat in kernel are 91.1-130.2 and 468.5-548.8 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and relative contents of stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in crude fat are 3.78%-4.25%, 11.63%-12.49%, 51.37%-55.57%, 25.01%-28.93% and 0.29%-0.39%, respectively. In which, variations of single fruit mass, protein content and relative contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid are greater, their coefficients of variation are 14.16%, 21.75%, 10.93% and 22.35%, respectively, and those of other indexes are all lower than 10.00%. In general, there is no significant correlation among phenotypic characters of fruit, but there are significant correlations among main nutrient contents in kernel. There are significant correlations of nut horizontal diameter, nut shell thickness, and seed and kernel yield rates with contents of protein and crude fat and relative contents of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in general, and there is no significant correlation of other phenotypic characters of fruit with main nutrient contents in kernel in general. It is suggested that unsaturated fatty acid content in kernel of C. cathayensis in Southern Anhui is relatively high, and there are obvious differences in phenotypic characters of fruit and main nutrient contents in kernel among different plots. Besides, nut horizontal diameter, nut shell thickness, and seed and kernel yield rates of C. cathayensis have significant effects on nutrient content in its kernel.
Comparison and variation analysis on 10 phenotypic characters of fruit and 7 main nutrient contents in kernel of Carya cathayensis Sarg. from 12 plots in mountainous areas of Ningguo City, Shexian County, Jingde County and Jixi County of Southern Anhui were carried out, and the Pearson correlation among these indexes was analyzed. The results show that pericarp thickness of C. cathayensis from 12 plots tested is 5.02-6.23 mm, single fruit mass does 13.10-21.71 g, fruit horizontal and vertical diameters do 27.70-34.28 and 31.30-39.72 mm, respectively, single nut mass does 3.58-5.42 g, nut horizontal and vertical diameters do 19.23-21.60 and 21.83-25.75 mm, respectively, nut shell thickness does 0.92-1.09 mm, seed and kernel yield rates do 24.43%-28.31% and 39.03%-48.10%, respectively. Contents of protein and crude fat in kernel are 91.1-130.2 and 468.5-548.8 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and relative contents of stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in crude fat are 3.78%-4.25%, 11.63%-12.49%, 51.37%-55.57%, 25.01%-28.93% and 0.29%-0.39%, respectively. In which, variations of single fruit mass, protein content and relative contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid are greater, their coefficients of variation are 14.16%, 21.75%, 10.93% and 22.35%, respectively, and those of other indexes are all lower than 10.00%. In general, there is no significant correlation among phenotypic characters of fruit, but there are significant correlations among main nutrient contents in kernel. There are significant correlations of nut horizontal diameter, nut shell thickness, and seed and kernel yield rates with contents of protein and crude fat and relative contents of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in general, and there is no significant correlation of other phenotypic characters of fruit with main nutrient contents in kernel in general. It is suggested that unsaturated fatty acid content in kernel of C. cathayensis in Southern Anhui is relatively high, and there are obvious differences in phenotypic characters of fruit and main nutrient contents in kernel among different plots. Besides, nut horizontal diameter, nut shell thickness, and seed and kernel yield rates of C. cathayensis have significant effects on nutrient content in its kernel.
引文
[1] 章亭洲.山核桃的营养、生物学特性及开发利用现状[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(4):90-93.
[2] 黄坚钦,章滨森,王正加,等.中国山核桃属植物种间亲缘关系RAPD分析[J].西南林学院学报,2003,23(4):1-3,11.
[3] 王铁烽,潘亚琴.山核桃属植物外果皮的形态组织鉴定[J].中华中医药学刊,2013,31(1):210-212.
[4] 张旭东,黄成林,叶志琪.大别山山核桃林植物组成与区系特征研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):150-152.
[5] 郭传友.山核桃(Carya cathayensis)和大别山山核桃(C.dabieshanensis)生态及遗传多样性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,2004:9-15.
[6] 薛波.大别山山核桃品种类型及其品质的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学茶与食品科技学院,2013:12-17.
[7] 张鹏,钟海燕,姚小华,等.四种山核桃种仁含油率及脂肪酸组成比较分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):499-504.
[8] 郭传友,黄坚钦,王正加,等.大别山山核桃天然群体种实性状表型多样性[J].经济林研究,2007,25(3):15-18.
[9] 王宝庆.四川西部核桃属植物遗传多样性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学林学院,2007:12-21.
[10] 高乐旋,陈家宽,杨继.表型可塑性变异的生态-发育机制及其进化意义[J].植物分类学报,2008,46(4):441-451.
[11] 陈军晓,童敏,程诗明,等.浙江省柿树种质资源表型多样性研究[J].浙江林业科技,2012,32(4):6-10.
[12] 竺利波,顾万春,李斌.紫荆群体表型性状多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):138-145.
[13] 齐静,马庆国,杨建民,等.中国核桃主要品种坚果缝合线特性研究[J].经济林研究,2009,27(2):57-61.
[14] 王金星,潘刚,王滑,等.西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):236-240.
[15] 夏国华,朱先富,俞春莲,等.不同地理种源大别山山核桃坚果表型性状和脂肪酸组分分析[J].果树学报,2014,31(3):370-377.
[16] HUANG J,ZHANG T,ZHANG Q,et al.The mechanism of high contents of oil and oleic acid revealed by transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17:113.
[17] WANG Z,HUANG R,SUN Z,et al.Identification and profiling of conserved and novel microRNAs involved in oil and oleic acid production during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].Functional and Integrative Genomics,2017,17:365-373.
[18] XU Q,WU J,CAO Y,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruits of hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) and pecan (Carya illinoensis K.Koch) during fruit development stages[J].Trees,2016,30:1523-1534.
[19] 王绍忠,方向宁.安徽山核桃调查报告[J].经济林研究,1991,9(1):33-37.
[20] 沈显生,张小平.安徽省种子植物多样性研究[J].植物研究,1997,17(4):413-420.
[21] 于敏,徐宏化,王正加,等.6个薄壳山核桃品种的形态及营养成分分析[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(12):74-77.
[22] 唐琦,余兆硕,陈华东,等.湖南西部山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究[J].广州化工,2016,44(5):82-84.
[23] 于敏.不同种质薄壳山核桃形态及营养成分分析[D].杭州:浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,2014:29-35.
[24] 俞春莲,王正加,夏国华,等.10个不同品种的薄壳山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(5):714-718.
[25] 夏玉洁,姚小华,任华东,等.22个山核桃无性系果实营养成分的比较分析[J].中国粮油学报,2018,33(4):49-55.
[26] 常君,李川,姚小华,等.薄壳山核桃无性系含油率及脂肪酸组成分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(8):51-57.
[27] 陆浩,杨会芳,毕艳兰,等.山核桃油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2010,35(5):73-76.
[2] 黄坚钦,章滨森,王正加,等.中国山核桃属植物种间亲缘关系RAPD分析[J].西南林学院学报,2003,23(4):1-3,11.
[3] 王铁烽,潘亚琴.山核桃属植物外果皮的形态组织鉴定[J].中华中医药学刊,2013,31(1):210-212.
[4] 张旭东,黄成林,叶志琪.大别山山核桃林植物组成与区系特征研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):150-152.
[5] 郭传友.山核桃(Carya cathayensis)和大别山山核桃(C.dabieshanensis)生态及遗传多样性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,2004:9-15.
[6] 薛波.大别山山核桃品种类型及其品质的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学茶与食品科技学院,2013:12-17.
[7] 张鹏,钟海燕,姚小华,等.四种山核桃种仁含油率及脂肪酸组成比较分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):499-504.
[8] 郭传友,黄坚钦,王正加,等.大别山山核桃天然群体种实性状表型多样性[J].经济林研究,2007,25(3):15-18.
[9] 王宝庆.四川西部核桃属植物遗传多样性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学林学院,2007:12-21.
[10] 高乐旋,陈家宽,杨继.表型可塑性变异的生态-发育机制及其进化意义[J].植物分类学报,2008,46(4):441-451.
[11] 陈军晓,童敏,程诗明,等.浙江省柿树种质资源表型多样性研究[J].浙江林业科技,2012,32(4):6-10.
[12] 竺利波,顾万春,李斌.紫荆群体表型性状多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):138-145.
[13] 齐静,马庆国,杨建民,等.中国核桃主要品种坚果缝合线特性研究[J].经济林研究,2009,27(2):57-61.
[14] 王金星,潘刚,王滑,等.西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):236-240.
[15] 夏国华,朱先富,俞春莲,等.不同地理种源大别山山核桃坚果表型性状和脂肪酸组分分析[J].果树学报,2014,31(3):370-377.
[16] HUANG J,ZHANG T,ZHANG Q,et al.The mechanism of high contents of oil and oleic acid revealed by transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17:113.
[17] WANG Z,HUANG R,SUN Z,et al.Identification and profiling of conserved and novel microRNAs involved in oil and oleic acid production during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].Functional and Integrative Genomics,2017,17:365-373.
[18] XU Q,WU J,CAO Y,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruits of hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) and pecan (Carya illinoensis K.Koch) during fruit development stages[J].Trees,2016,30:1523-1534.
[19] 王绍忠,方向宁.安徽山核桃调查报告[J].经济林研究,1991,9(1):33-37.
[20] 沈显生,张小平.安徽省种子植物多样性研究[J].植物研究,1997,17(4):413-420.
[21] 于敏,徐宏化,王正加,等.6个薄壳山核桃品种的形态及营养成分分析[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(12):74-77.
[22] 唐琦,余兆硕,陈华东,等.湖南西部山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究[J].广州化工,2016,44(5):82-84.
[23] 于敏.不同种质薄壳山核桃形态及营养成分分析[D].杭州:浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,2014:29-35.
[24] 俞春莲,王正加,夏国华,等.10个不同品种的薄壳山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(5):714-718.
[25] 夏玉洁,姚小华,任华东,等.22个山核桃无性系果实营养成分的比较分析[J].中国粮油学报,2018,33(4):49-55.
[26] 常君,李川,姚小华,等.薄壳山核桃无性系含油率及脂肪酸组成分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(8):51-57.
[27] 陆浩,杨会芳,毕艳兰,等.山核桃油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国油脂,2010,35(5):73-76.