絮凝法去除川乌炮制废水中生物碱类成分的可行性分析
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摘要
目的:探讨5种常用絮凝剂对川乌炮制废水中6种生物碱类成分的去除效果。方法:采用HPLC测定絮凝处理前后川乌炮制废水中6种生物碱类成分,流动相乙腈-四氢呋喃(25∶15,A)-0.1 mol·L-1乙酸铵水溶液(每1 L含冰乙酸0.5 mL,B)梯度洗脱(0~48 min,15%~26%A; 48~49 min,26%~35%A; 49~58 min,35%A; 58~65 min,35%~15%A),流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长235 nm。比较三氯化铁、硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺(PAC/PAM)和聚丙烯酸钠5种常用絮凝剂对这6种生物碱类成分的去除特性和效果,并进行了初步工艺优化。结果:5种絮凝剂对不同类型的生物碱具有一定的选择性,6种生物碱的去除呈现明显的差异,其中PAC/PAM的减毒作用相对优越,在pH 6,PAC/PAM投加量为0.25 g·L-1,PAC-PAM(30∶1)时,川乌炮制废水中的乌头碱类成分综合去除效果较佳,其中新乌头碱去除率85.4%,次乌头碱去除率58.3%。结论:絮凝法仅可作为一种前处理工艺,初步实现对川乌炮制废水的减毒处理。
Objective:To investigate the removal effect of 5 kinds of common flocculants on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.Method:HPLC was employed to determine contents of 6 kinds of alkaloids in the processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix before and after flocculation.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran(25 ∶ 15)-0.1 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution(each 1 L contains0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid) for gradient elution,volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,detection wavelength was235 nm.The removal characteristics and effects of five common flocculants of ferric chloride,aluminum sulfate,polymeric ferric sulfate,polyaluminum chloride/polyacrylamide(PAC/PAM) and sodium polyacrylate were compared and preliminarily optimized.Result:The 5 kinds of flocculants had certain selectivity for different types of alkaloids,and the removal of 6 kinds of alkaloids showed obvious differences.Among them,the PAC/PAM attenuated relative superiority,when the pH 6,adding amount of 0.25 g·L-1 and PAC-PAM dosing ratio of 30 ∶ 1,comprehensive removal effect was relatively good,removal rates of mesaconitine and hypaconitine was 85.4% and58.3%,respectively.Conclusion:The flocculation method can be used as a pretreatment process to reduce the toxicity of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.
Objective:To investigate the removal effect of 5 kinds of common flocculants on 6 kinds of toxic alkaloids in processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.Method:HPLC was employed to determine contents of 6 kinds of alkaloids in the processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix before and after flocculation.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran(25 ∶ 15)-0.1 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution(each 1 L contains0.5 mL of glacial acetic acid) for gradient elution,volume flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,detection wavelength was235 nm.The removal characteristics and effects of five common flocculants of ferric chloride,aluminum sulfate,polymeric ferric sulfate,polyaluminum chloride/polyacrylamide(PAC/PAM) and sodium polyacrylate were compared and preliminarily optimized.Result:The 5 kinds of flocculants had certain selectivity for different types of alkaloids,and the removal of 6 kinds of alkaloids showed obvious differences.Among them,the PAC/PAM attenuated relative superiority,when the pH 6,adding amount of 0.25 g·L-1 and PAC-PAM dosing ratio of 30 ∶ 1,comprehensive removal effect was relatively good,removal rates of mesaconitine and hypaconitine was 85.4% and58.3%,respectively.Conclusion:The flocculation method can be used as a pretreatment process to reduce the toxicity of processing wastewater of Aconiti Radix.
引文
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[13]张雪,张安龙,魏江浪,等.PAC和PAM在造纸废水处理中的应用[J].湖北造纸,2013(2):24-25.
[14]申丽芬,孙宝盛,张燕.PAC和PAM复合混凝剂对垃圾渗滤液预处理的研究[J].工业水处理,2014,34(2):59-61.
[15]占平珍.聚丙烯酸钠絮凝剂的开发及应用[J].企业家天地,2010(12):96.
[16]宋建恒,刘军深.聚丙烯酸钠的制备及其絮凝效果研究[J].广州化工,2006,34(6):26-28.
[2]赵玉森.浅谈川乌的毒性与其用量[J].现代中药研究与实践,1995,9(4):40-41.
[3]张玉生,吴戈.川乌的炮制研究概况[J].中医药信息,1992,9(2):25-27.
[4]王哲,谭鹏,刘红玉,等.浸泡程度对川乌炮制品传统质量及生物碱成分的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(11):7-9.
[5]叶定江,丁安伟,蔡宝昌.草乌废水处理及解毒试验[J].南京中医学院学报,1982,1(1):55-57.
[6]谢绍东,李爱国.混凝法处理高浓度印染废水的研究[J].四川师范学院学报:自然科学版,1994,15(4):335-340.
[7]北京市药品监督管理局.北京市中药饮片炮制规范[M].北京:化学工业出版,2008:15-17.
[8]Taras M T.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater[M].New York:American Public Health Association,2002:5-13.
[9]郭雅妮,李硕文,同帜.聚硅酸硫酸铝絮凝剂铝硅间的相互作用及其絮凝机理[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,2001,14(4):323-326.
[10]赵励军,张辉.硫酸铝对黄腐酸絮凝作用的研究[J].化学工程师,2004,18(11):63-64.
[11]靳侠侠,张伟才.絮凝剂的种类之浅谈[J].过滤与分离,2009,19(1):44-48.
[12]蒋晓芬,潘克华,史成武.聚合硫酸铁混凝性能的研究[J].安徽大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(3):85-87.
[13]张雪,张安龙,魏江浪,等.PAC和PAM在造纸废水处理中的应用[J].湖北造纸,2013(2):24-25.
[14]申丽芬,孙宝盛,张燕.PAC和PAM复合混凝剂对垃圾渗滤液预处理的研究[J].工业水处理,2014,34(2):59-61.
[15]占平珍.聚丙烯酸钠絮凝剂的开发及应用[J].企业家天地,2010(12):96.
[16]宋建恒,刘军深.聚丙烯酸钠的制备及其絮凝效果研究[J].广州化工,2006,34(6):26-28.