地铁隧道爆破参数优化及其振动效应研究
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摘要
贵阳轨道交通二号线富源北路站至森林公园段部分区间采用爆破法开挖,由于地铁隧道周边民房较多,对于控制质点峰值振动速度提出很高的要求。采用分台阶爆破施工方法进行隧道开挖,上台阶超前于下台阶3~5 m。选择炮孔直径40 mm,炮孔深度1.5~1.7 m,隧道爆破每循环进尺控制在1.2 m以内,孔内采用1~15段毫秒延期导爆管雷管进行起爆。通过合理布置测点进行了现场爆破振动监测,拟合出了考虑高程差条件下的振动速度预测公式。爆破振动监测结果表明:斜井隧道爆破振动的水平径向峰值振动速度最大,而垂直方向的主频频率大于水平方向,且主频范围集中在20~60 Hz之间,远远小于建筑物的自振频率。爆破振动存在放大作用,但其质点峰值振动速度均小于民房振速安全阈值(1.5 cm/s),不会对斜井隧道上方的民房造成振动破坏。提出复式小楔形掏槽结构代替原有的大楔形掏槽结构,能够有效减弱岩体的夹制作用,达到降低爆破振动的要求。
Subway Line No. 2 from Fuyuanbeilu Station to Senlinggongyuan Station on Guiyang was excavated by blasting. Due to many buildings arrounding the subway,controlling the peak particle velocity of blast-induce becomes very crucial. The tunnel excavation is carried out by the method of step blasting construction method. The upper step is 3 ~ 5 m ahead of the lower step. The diameter of the bore-hole 40 mm,the hole depth 1. 5 ~ 1. 7 m,and the tunnel blasting length less than 1. 2 m,and time delay 1 to 15 milliseconds after the detonation ignition were applied. The measuring points for blasting vibration test were reasonably arranged,the attenuation law of blasting vibration velocity was obtained by after considering height difference. The results of blasting vibration showed that horizontal radial peak particle velocity of blasting vibration was maxium,the vertical direction frequency of blasting vibration was greater than the horizontal direction,and the frequency range from 20 Hz to 60 Hz,far less than the natural frequency of the structure. The blasting vibration has a magnifying effect,but the particle peak vibration of the houses is smaller than the safety threshold( 1. 5 cm/s),which won' t cause vibration damage to the houses above the tunnel. The choice of the multi-stage small wedge cutting holes instead of big wedge cutting holes can noticeably reduce the blasting vibration.
Subway Line No. 2 from Fuyuanbeilu Station to Senlinggongyuan Station on Guiyang was excavated by blasting. Due to many buildings arrounding the subway,controlling the peak particle velocity of blast-induce becomes very crucial. The tunnel excavation is carried out by the method of step blasting construction method. The upper step is 3 ~ 5 m ahead of the lower step. The diameter of the bore-hole 40 mm,the hole depth 1. 5 ~ 1. 7 m,and the tunnel blasting length less than 1. 2 m,and time delay 1 to 15 milliseconds after the detonation ignition were applied. The measuring points for blasting vibration test were reasonably arranged,the attenuation law of blasting vibration velocity was obtained by after considering height difference. The results of blasting vibration showed that horizontal radial peak particle velocity of blasting vibration was maxium,the vertical direction frequency of blasting vibration was greater than the horizontal direction,and the frequency range from 20 Hz to 60 Hz,far less than the natural frequency of the structure. The blasting vibration has a magnifying effect,but the particle peak vibration of the houses is smaller than the safety threshold( 1. 5 cm/s),which won' t cause vibration damage to the houses above the tunnel. The choice of the multi-stage small wedge cutting holes instead of big wedge cutting holes can noticeably reduce the blasting vibration.
引文
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[3]龚敏,陈哲,吴昊骏,等.掏槽药量与起爆时差的关系对隧道爆破合成振速的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016(6):1110-1124.GONG Min,CHEN Zhe,WU Hao-jun,et al.Influence of correlation between cut basting charge and detonating interval time on superposition vibration velocity caused by millisecond blasting in tunnel[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016(6):1110-1124.(in Chinese)
[4]张新彬,刘新荣,范兵旗,等.复杂立交隧道爆破开挖参数设计及动力响应分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017(S2):736-740.ZHANG Xin-bin,LIU Xin-rong,FAN Bing-qi,et al.Blasting excavation parameter design and dynamic response analysis on complex interchange tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017(S2):736-740.(in Chinese)
[5]李得,杨溢,李睿,等.多级复式楔形掏槽在大断面隧洞掘进中的应用研究[J].爆破,2017,34(1):52-56.LI De,YANG Yi,LI Rui,et al.Application of multi-level double wedge cut in large section tunnel driving[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):52-56.(in Chinese)
[6]程跃辉,江鸿,陈伟.隧道下穿匝道爆破振动控制技术及效果分析[J].爆破,2017,34(3):63-67.CHENG Yue-hui,JIANG Hong,CHEN Wei,et al.Blasting vibration control technology and effect in tunnel underneath ramp[J].Blasting,2017,34(3):63-67.(in Chinese)
[7]邹新宽,潘强,王微,等.隧道楔形分段掏槽爆破减震机理及试验研究[J].现代隧道技术,2017,54(4):186-192.ZOU Xin-kuan,PAN Qiang,WANG Wei,et al.Experimental study of the vibration absorption mechanism of staged wedge-cut blasting technology[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2017,54(4):186-192.(in Chinese)
[8]杜小刚,亢丽竹,林从谋.下穿既有隧道爆破振动响应研究[J].爆破,2017,34(4):52-56.DU Xiao-gang,KANG Li-zhu,LIN Cong-mou.Research on blasting vibration response of existing tunnels[J].Blasting,2017,34(4):52-56.(in Chinese)
[9]费鸿禄,曾翔宇,杨智广.隧道掘进爆破振动对地表影响的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2017,37(1):77-83.FEI Hong-lu,ZENG Xiang-yu,YANG Zhi-guang.Influence of tunnel excavation blasting vibration on earth's surface based on wavelet packet analysis[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2017,37(1):77-83.(in Chinese)
[10]戴俊,李传净.模糊多元分析法在隧道爆破参数优化中的应用[J].爆破,2017,34(2):63-67.DAI Jun,LI Chuan-jing.Application research of fuzzy multivariate analysis method in tunnel blasting parameter optimization[J].Blasting,2017,34(2):63-67.(in Chinese)