核四极矩共振探测系统研究进展
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摘要
随着反恐形势的加剧,对爆炸物探测系统的性能提出了更高的要求,核四极矩探测系统因具有较高的准确率、无放射性等优势,逐步走入人们视野。从核四极矩探测系统原理出发,总结了核四极矩探测系统的主要工作模块,从天线、Q值开关以及一些新的技术等方面综述了近年来为提高探测系统接收灵敏度所进行的改进,最后对有待研究的问题以及发展趋势进行了展望。
With the intensification of anti-terrorism situation,explosives detection systems have to meet a higher standard of performance and accuracy.Thus,nuclear quadrupole detection system has drawn more and more attention for its higher accuracy and non-radioactivity compared to the conventional system.However,the low SNR of received signals have long been an main barrier to its development.Firstly,this paper explained the basic modules of the Nuclear Quadrupole detection system and its operating principles.Then the recent progress to improve NQR detection system were reviewed on three key technologies:the probe,Q switch and some other new technologies.Finally,urgent problems and the development tendency were discussed.
With the intensification of anti-terrorism situation,explosives detection systems have to meet a higher standard of performance and accuracy.Thus,nuclear quadrupole detection system has drawn more and more attention for its higher accuracy and non-radioactivity compared to the conventional system.However,the low SNR of received signals have long been an main barrier to its development.Firstly,this paper explained the basic modules of the Nuclear Quadrupole detection system and its operating principles.Then the recent progress to improve NQR detection system were reviewed on three key technologies:the probe,Q switch and some other new technologies.Finally,urgent problems and the development tendency were discussed.
引文
[1]朱凯然,吴兆平,何学辉,等.微弱核四极矩共振信号参数估计新方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2012,34(8):1536-1542.
[2]阳燕,孙宜斌,何学辉,等.一种核四极共振探测系统中天线探头的设计方法[J].波谱学杂志,2013,30(1):113-120.
[3]原普,毛云志,郭华民.爆炸物检测中微弱NQR信号的处理[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(2):204-208.
[4]周新建,张国进,高攀,等.NQR探测系统振铃拖尾抑制方法研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2008,28(3):477-480.
[5]姚刚,房旭民,毛云志.基于小波阀值消噪的硝铵NQR信号处理[J].波谱学杂志,2009,26(4):1000-4556.
[6]房旭民,张国进,高攀,等.基于Apollo信号控制台的NQR炸药探测方[J].波谱学杂志2004,21(3):1000-4556
[7]朱凯然,苏涛,何学辉.基于核四极矩共振的爆炸物探测技术研究进展[J].兵工学报,2013,34(12):1575-1588.
[8]Smith J A S.European Convention on Security and Detection[C]//IET,1995:288-292.European Convention on Security and Detection.
[9]Andrew D Hibbs,Geoffrey A Barrall,Peter V Czipott et al.Detection of TNT and RDX landmines by standoff nuclear quadrupole resonance[J].Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV,1999,(8.):454-463.
[10]Rudakov T N,Rayner T J,Hayes P A,et al.Detection of explosives by quadrupole resonance method:new aspects for security[M].Springer:Netherlands,2006:191-204.
[11]G.Ota,H.Itozaki,Nuclear quadrupole resonance echoes from hexamethylenetetramine[J].Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2006,30(3):135-140.
[12]Rudakov T N,Mikhaltsevitch V T,Flexman J H.Spin-echoes in nitrogen-14 quadrupolar spin-system with axially symmetric electric field gradient tensor[J].Solid State Nucl Magn Reson,2004,25(25):112-118.
[13]Tan Y,Tantum S L,Collins L M.Kalman filtering for enhanced landmine detection using quadrupole resonance[J].Geoscience&Remote Sensing IEEE Transactions on,2005,43(7):1507-1516.
[14]Somasundaram S D,Jakobsson A,Butt N R.Countering Radio Frequency Interference in Single-Sensor Quadrupole Resonance[J].Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters IEEE,2009,6(1):62-66.
[15]Rudakov T N.Further Improvement of NQR Technique for Detection of Illicit Substances[M].Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials.Springer Netherlands,2014:3-17.
[16]Zhang X,Schemm N,Balkir S,et al.A Low-Power Compact NQR Based Explosive Detection System[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2014,14(2):497-507.
[17]李鲠颖,蒋瑜,吴先球,等.氮-14远程核四极共振谱仪[J].波谱学杂志,1994(4):419-424.
[18]Garroway A N,Buess M L,Miller J B,et al.Remote sensing by nuclear quadrupole resonance[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2001,39(6):1108-1118.
[19]何高魁,宛玉晴,田华阳,等.基于核四极共振技术的邮件爆炸物检测系统[C]//第十五届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集.2010:429-432.
[20]Rudakov T N.Further Improvement of NQR Technique for Detection of Illicit Substances[J].Nato Science for Peace&Security,2014:3-17.
[21]Ostafin M,Nogaj B.14N-NQR based device for detection of explosives in landmines[J].Measurement,2007,40:43-54.
[22]李康宁,李兴,张向阳,等.NQR方法中平面型天线探测爆炸物研究[C]//第六届(2010年)北京核学会核技术应用学术交流会.北京:北京核学会,2010:483-485.
[23]Pannetier-Lecoeur M,Fermon C,Dyvorne H,et al.14N Nqr Detection of Explosives With Hybrid Sensors[J].Nato Science for Peace&Security,2009:31-39.
[24]He D F,Tachiki M,Itozaki H.Detecting the 14 N NQR signal using a High-Tc SQUID[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2007,17(2):843-845.
[25]Peshkovsky A S,Forguez J,Cerioni L,et al.RF probe recovery time reduction with a novel active ringing suppression circuit[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2005,177(1):67-73.
[26]Aissani S,Guendouz L,Canet D.CMOS based Qswitch for low-power pulsed14N quadruple resonance[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2014,44(1):12-17.
[26]Marino R A,Klainer S M.Multiple spin echoes in pure quadrupole resonance[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1977,67(7):3388-3389.
[27]Miller J B,Sauer K L,Klug C A,et al.Efficient Excitation and Ringing Suppression in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[M].Netherland:Springer,2009:57-71.
[2]阳燕,孙宜斌,何学辉,等.一种核四极共振探测系统中天线探头的设计方法[J].波谱学杂志,2013,30(1):113-120.
[3]原普,毛云志,郭华民.爆炸物检测中微弱NQR信号的处理[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(2):204-208.
[4]周新建,张国进,高攀,等.NQR探测系统振铃拖尾抑制方法研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2008,28(3):477-480.
[5]姚刚,房旭民,毛云志.基于小波阀值消噪的硝铵NQR信号处理[J].波谱学杂志,2009,26(4):1000-4556.
[6]房旭民,张国进,高攀,等.基于Apollo信号控制台的NQR炸药探测方[J].波谱学杂志2004,21(3):1000-4556
[7]朱凯然,苏涛,何学辉.基于核四极矩共振的爆炸物探测技术研究进展[J].兵工学报,2013,34(12):1575-1588.
[8]Smith J A S.European Convention on Security and Detection[C]//IET,1995:288-292.European Convention on Security and Detection.
[9]Andrew D Hibbs,Geoffrey A Barrall,Peter V Czipott et al.Detection of TNT and RDX landmines by standoff nuclear quadrupole resonance[J].Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV,1999,(8.):454-463.
[10]Rudakov T N,Rayner T J,Hayes P A,et al.Detection of explosives by quadrupole resonance method:new aspects for security[M].Springer:Netherlands,2006:191-204.
[11]G.Ota,H.Itozaki,Nuclear quadrupole resonance echoes from hexamethylenetetramine[J].Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2006,30(3):135-140.
[12]Rudakov T N,Mikhaltsevitch V T,Flexman J H.Spin-echoes in nitrogen-14 quadrupolar spin-system with axially symmetric electric field gradient tensor[J].Solid State Nucl Magn Reson,2004,25(25):112-118.
[13]Tan Y,Tantum S L,Collins L M.Kalman filtering for enhanced landmine detection using quadrupole resonance[J].Geoscience&Remote Sensing IEEE Transactions on,2005,43(7):1507-1516.
[14]Somasundaram S D,Jakobsson A,Butt N R.Countering Radio Frequency Interference in Single-Sensor Quadrupole Resonance[J].Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters IEEE,2009,6(1):62-66.
[15]Rudakov T N.Further Improvement of NQR Technique for Detection of Illicit Substances[M].Magnetic Resonance Detection of Explosives and Illicit Materials.Springer Netherlands,2014:3-17.
[16]Zhang X,Schemm N,Balkir S,et al.A Low-Power Compact NQR Based Explosive Detection System[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2014,14(2):497-507.
[17]李鲠颖,蒋瑜,吴先球,等.氮-14远程核四极共振谱仪[J].波谱学杂志,1994(4):419-424.
[18]Garroway A N,Buess M L,Miller J B,et al.Remote sensing by nuclear quadrupole resonance[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2001,39(6):1108-1118.
[19]何高魁,宛玉晴,田华阳,等.基于核四极共振技术的邮件爆炸物检测系统[C]//第十五届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集.2010:429-432.
[20]Rudakov T N.Further Improvement of NQR Technique for Detection of Illicit Substances[J].Nato Science for Peace&Security,2014:3-17.
[21]Ostafin M,Nogaj B.14N-NQR based device for detection of explosives in landmines[J].Measurement,2007,40:43-54.
[22]李康宁,李兴,张向阳,等.NQR方法中平面型天线探测爆炸物研究[C]//第六届(2010年)北京核学会核技术应用学术交流会.北京:北京核学会,2010:483-485.
[23]Pannetier-Lecoeur M,Fermon C,Dyvorne H,et al.14N Nqr Detection of Explosives With Hybrid Sensors[J].Nato Science for Peace&Security,2009:31-39.
[24]He D F,Tachiki M,Itozaki H.Detecting the 14 N NQR signal using a High-Tc SQUID[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2007,17(2):843-845.
[25]Peshkovsky A S,Forguez J,Cerioni L,et al.RF probe recovery time reduction with a novel active ringing suppression circuit[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2005,177(1):67-73.
[26]Aissani S,Guendouz L,Canet D.CMOS based Qswitch for low-power pulsed14N quadruple resonance[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2014,44(1):12-17.
[26]Marino R A,Klainer S M.Multiple spin echoes in pure quadrupole resonance[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1977,67(7):3388-3389.
[27]Miller J B,Sauer K L,Klug C A,et al.Efficient Excitation and Ringing Suppression in Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[M].Netherland:Springer,2009:57-71.