五种脂肪源对点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长和三种免疫指标的影响
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摘要
为了研究不同周期、不同脂肪源对点带石斑鱼生长和免疫的影响,通过用含有玉米油、鱼油、花生油、大豆油、葵花籽油的5种脂肪源饲料投喂点带石斑鱼8周,定期检测增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和存活率共4项生长指标;定期检测血细胞呼吸爆发性、巨噬细胞杀菌活性和血清凝集效价共3种免疫指标.结果表明,脂肪源对增重率、特定生长率、存活率的作用效果不显著(P>0.05),在饲料系数指标中,花生油最高,且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);在血细胞呼吸爆发性实验中,第6周,大豆油、花生油、玉米油和鱼油比对照组高,其中鱼油组效果最显著(P<0.05);在巨噬细胞杀菌活性实验中,第4周,大豆油和花生油的提高作用显著(P<0.05);血清凝集效价实验中,第2、4、6周,鱼油表现的血清凝集效最高.综合比较,5种脂肪源只有鱼油对点带石斑鱼的生长和免疫的提高作用较好,其他脂肪源对提高石斑鱼生长和免疫力有一定的影响,但影响效果不理想.
In order to study the effect of various fat feeding resources on the growth and immune of Epinephelus coioides during different cycles for 8 weeks,5 kinds of fat resources-corn oil,fish oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and sunflower oil—were fed to Epinephelus coioides,and growth index and immune index were tested regularly.The results showed the effect of fat resources on WG,SGR and SR is not significant( P > 0. 05). FCR of peanut oil in the experiment groups was the highest with comparison to that in the control groups( P < 0. 05). In the experiment of blood cell respiratory burst activity,the result of soybean oil,peanut oil,corn oil and fish oil in the experiment groups is higher than that in the control groups during the 6 th week,and the result of fish oil is the most outstanding( P < 0. 05). In the experiment of macrophage bacteria killing activity,the effect of soybean oil and peanut oil was improved significantly( P < 0. 05) during the 4 th week. In the experiment of agglutination,the result of fish oil was the highest during the 2 nd,4 th and 6 th week. In conclusion,The effect of fish oil resource on the growth and immune capability of Epinephelus coioides is the best,whereas other oil resources improve the growth and immune capability as well,but with limited result.
In order to study the effect of various fat feeding resources on the growth and immune of Epinephelus coioides during different cycles for 8 weeks,5 kinds of fat resources-corn oil,fish oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and sunflower oil—were fed to Epinephelus coioides,and growth index and immune index were tested regularly.The results showed the effect of fat resources on WG,SGR and SR is not significant( P > 0. 05). FCR of peanut oil in the experiment groups was the highest with comparison to that in the control groups( P < 0. 05). In the experiment of blood cell respiratory burst activity,the result of soybean oil,peanut oil,corn oil and fish oil in the experiment groups is higher than that in the control groups during the 6 th week,and the result of fish oil is the most outstanding( P < 0. 05). In the experiment of macrophage bacteria killing activity,the effect of soybean oil and peanut oil was improved significantly( P < 0. 05) during the 4 th week. In the experiment of agglutination,the result of fish oil was the highest during the 2 nd,4 th and 6 th week. In conclusion,The effect of fish oil resource on the growth and immune capability of Epinephelus coioides is the best,whereas other oil resources improve the growth and immune capability as well,but with limited result.
引文
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[8]王骥腾,韩涛,田丽霞,等.3种植物油源对军曹鱼生长、体组成和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(3):237-245.
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[13]徐翊轩.温度和脂多糖对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血细胞免疫响应的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[14]冯碧.三种环境激素对鱼类免疫细胞活性与功能的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[15]刘雪兰,余为一,李槿年.中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素的生物学特性[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(3):365-370.
[16]徐后国.饲料脂肪酸对鲈鱼幼鱼生长、健康及脂肪和脂肪酸累积的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[17]冯健,覃志彪.4种不同脂肪源对太平洋鲑生长和体组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):256-262.
[18]高艳玲,叶元土,谭芳芳.不同脂肪源和复合肉碱对团头鲂生长的研究[J].饲料研究,2009(6):59-61.
[19]KUMAR R,MUKHERJEE S C,RANJAN R.Enhanced innate immune parameters in Labeo rohita(Ham.)following oral administration of Bacillus subtilis[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2008,24(2):168-172.
[20]SALAH M A,MOMANED F M,GEORGE J.Effect of probiotics on the survival,growth and challenge infection in Tilapia nilotica(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture research,2008,39(6):647-656.
[21]SUNG H H,WAN S F,TASI F M.Responses of giant fresh water prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)to challenge by two trains of Aeromonas Spp.[J].Journal of Invertebrate pathology,2000,76(4):278-284.
[22]ALI H A,M F M Qadawi.Dietary lipids modulation of performance and immune response in Nile catfish(Clarias lazera)under variable temperature in Egypt[J].Veterinary Medical Journal Giza,1997(45):325-335.
[23]SHELDON W H,BLAZER V S.Influence of dietary lipid and temperature on bactericidal activity of channel cat-fish macrophages[J].Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,1991(3):87-93.
[24]MONTERO D,GRASSO V,IZQUIERDO M S,et al.Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)diets:effects on hepatic Mx expression and some immune parameters[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2008,24:147-155.
[25]许友卿,李伟峰,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对鱼类免疫与成活的影响及机理[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(3):551-556.
[2]赵志英.2016年石斑鱼养殖预测:价格回落消费市场将进一步扩展[EB/OL].中国水产养殖网.(2016-07-18)[2017-05-30].http://www.shuichan.cc/news_view-289119.html.
[3]邓汉文.一年产量下滑近2万吨!未来海南石斑鱼养殖规模西线要超东线?[EB/OL].中国水产养殖网.(2017-04-09)[2017-05-30].http://www.shuichan.cc/news_view-318291.html.
[4]杨淑专,苏文金.网箱暂养石斑鱼体表微生物的研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,1990,2(4):48-50.
[5]覃映雪,池信才,苏永全,等.网箱养殖青石斑鱼的溃疡病病原[J].水产学报,2004,29(3):297-302.
[6]陈信忠,苏亚玲,龚艳清,等.逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测5种养殖石斑鱼的神经坏死病毒[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(3):202-207.
[7]潘瑜.亚麻油对鲤生长性能、脂质代谢及抗氧化能力的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[8]王骥腾,韩涛,田丽霞,等.3种植物油源对军曹鱼生长、体组成和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(3):237-245.
[9]LINGENFELSER J T,BLAZER V S,GAY J.Influence of fish oil in production catfish feeds on selected disease resistance factors[J].Journal of Applied Aquaculture,1995,5(2):37-48.
[10]PILARCZYK A.Changes in specific carp immune reaction caused by addition of fish oil to pellets[J].Aquaculture,1995,129(1-4):425-429.
[11]李庆习.高不饱和脂肪酸对离体大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞营养生理及免疫力的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[12]SONG Y L,HSIEH Y T.Immunostimulation of tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon)hemocytes for generation of microbicidal substances:analysis of reactive oxygen species[J].Developmental and Comparative Immunology,1994,18(3):201-209.
[13]徐翊轩.温度和脂多糖对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血细胞免疫响应的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[14]冯碧.三种环境激素对鱼类免疫细胞活性与功能的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[15]刘雪兰,余为一,李槿年.中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素的生物学特性[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(3):365-370.
[16]徐后国.饲料脂肪酸对鲈鱼幼鱼生长、健康及脂肪和脂肪酸累积的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[17]冯健,覃志彪.4种不同脂肪源对太平洋鲑生长和体组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):256-262.
[18]高艳玲,叶元土,谭芳芳.不同脂肪源和复合肉碱对团头鲂生长的研究[J].饲料研究,2009(6):59-61.
[19]KUMAR R,MUKHERJEE S C,RANJAN R.Enhanced innate immune parameters in Labeo rohita(Ham.)following oral administration of Bacillus subtilis[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2008,24(2):168-172.
[20]SALAH M A,MOMANED F M,GEORGE J.Effect of probiotics on the survival,growth and challenge infection in Tilapia nilotica(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture research,2008,39(6):647-656.
[21]SUNG H H,WAN S F,TASI F M.Responses of giant fresh water prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)to challenge by two trains of Aeromonas Spp.[J].Journal of Invertebrate pathology,2000,76(4):278-284.
[22]ALI H A,M F M Qadawi.Dietary lipids modulation of performance and immune response in Nile catfish(Clarias lazera)under variable temperature in Egypt[J].Veterinary Medical Journal Giza,1997(45):325-335.
[23]SHELDON W H,BLAZER V S.Influence of dietary lipid and temperature on bactericidal activity of channel cat-fish macrophages[J].Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,1991(3):87-93.
[24]MONTERO D,GRASSO V,IZQUIERDO M S,et al.Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)diets:effects on hepatic Mx expression and some immune parameters[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2008,24:147-155.
[25]许友卿,李伟峰,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对鱼类免疫与成活的影响及机理[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(3):551-556.