石羊河中游河岸沙蒿种群的空间格局和关联性分析
|
摘要
以石羊河中游荒漠河岸植被优势种群沙蒿(Artemisia arenaria)为研究对象,采用点格局分析法,对垂直于河道不同距离梯度上沙蒿种群的空间格局和空间关联性进行了分析。结果表明:①随着垂直于河道方向距离的递增,沙蒿种群由增长型逐渐演变为衰退型;②垂直于河道不同距离梯度上沙蒿种群的格局特征为,在相对小的尺度上聚集分布特征明显,随尺度的增加聚集性减弱并逐渐表现出随机分布的格局特征,但距离河道近的沙蒿种群聚集强度大于距离河道远的种群;不同距离梯度上,沙蒿种群均表现出幼体聚集分布,成体随机分布的格局特征;③垂直于河道不同距离梯度上沙蒿种群不同龄级之间的关联性表现出异质性。距离河道近的沙蒿种群中,形体差异大的植株之间具有正关联性,反映了互利的生态关系;距离河道较远的沙蒿种群中,形体差异小的植株之间具有负关联性,反映了互斥的生态关系;其他龄级植株之间没有表现出明显的关联性。
Artemisia arenaria is an important plant species of fixing sand in the Shiyang River Basin,Gansu Province.In this study,some sample plots with different distance away from the river course of the Shiyang River were delimited to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of Artemisia arenaria population.In the plots,the height,crown breadth and spatial relevancy of all the different-aged Artemisia arenaria plants were recorded.The point pattern analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and relevancy of the plants in different plots.The results were as follows:(1) Artemisia arenaria population was in a decrease trend with the increase of distance away from the river course;(2) Artemisia arenaria population was in a significant aggregation distribution pattern at relatively small scale,the aggregation distribution pattern decreased gradually with the enlargement of scale,a random distribution occurred,and the aggregation degree near the river course was higher than that far away from the river course.At different distance,young plants grew in an aggregation pattern,but the adult ones in random pattern;(3) There was a positive spatial relevancy among the high plants near the river course,but a negative one among the short plants far away from the river course.
Artemisia arenaria is an important plant species of fixing sand in the Shiyang River Basin,Gansu Province.In this study,some sample plots with different distance away from the river course of the Shiyang River were delimited to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of Artemisia arenaria population.In the plots,the height,crown breadth and spatial relevancy of all the different-aged Artemisia arenaria plants were recorded.The point pattern analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and relevancy of the plants in different plots.The results were as follows:(1) Artemisia arenaria population was in a decrease trend with the increase of distance away from the river course;(2) Artemisia arenaria population was in a significant aggregation distribution pattern at relatively small scale,the aggregation distribution pattern decreased gradually with the enlargement of scale,a random distribution occurred,and the aggregation degree near the river course was higher than that far away from the river course.At different distance,young plants grew in an aggregation pattern,but the adult ones in random pattern;(3) There was a positive spatial relevancy among the high plants near the river course,but a negative one among the short plants far away from the river course.
引文
(1)刘加珍,陈亚宁,陈永金,等.荒漠河岸生态系统退化机理的定量分析(J).生态环境学报,2010,19(1):131-139.(Liu Ji-azhen,Chen Yaning,Chen Yongjin,et al.Quantitative analysis ofthe degradation of desert riparian ecosystem(J).Ecology and Envi-ronmental Sciences,2010,19(1):131-139.)
(2)程霞.塔里木河中下游生态系统服务功能价值变化研究(D).乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007.(Chen Xia.Research on EcosystemService Value Change in the Middle and Lower Reaches of TarimRiver(D).Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2007.)
(3)刘虎俊,刘世增,李毅,等.石羊河中下游河岸带植被对地下水位变化的响应(J).干旱区研究,2012,29(2):335-341.(LiuHujun,Liu Shizeng,Li Yi,et al.Response of riparian vegetation tothe change of groundwater level at middle and lower reaches of theShiyang River(J).Arid Zone Research,2012,29(2):335-341.)
(4)张浩,赵智杰,谢金开.近20a来乌鲁木齐河下游地区生态系统服务价值的动态变化(J).干旱区研究,2011,28(2):341-348.(Zhang Hao,Zhao Zhijie,Xie Jinkai.Study on dynamicchange of service values of the ecosystems in the lower reaches ofthe Urumqi River in recent 20 years based on RS/GIS(J).AridZone Research,2011,28(2):341-348.)
(5)刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征(J).应用生态学报,2004,15(4):549-555.(Liu Jiazhen,Chen Yaning,Zhang Yuanming.Niche charac-teristics of plants on four environmental gradients in middle reachesof Tarim River(J).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(4):549-555.)
(6)赵锐锋,周华荣,钱亦兵,等.塔里木河中下游湿地及周边植物群落与环境因子的关系初探(J).应用生态学报,2006,17(6):955-960.(Zhao Ruifeng,Zhou Huarong,Qian Yibing,et al.In-terrelations between plant communities and environm ental factorsofwetlands and surrounding lands in mid-and lower reaches of Tar-im River(J).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(6):955-960.)
(7)张绘芳,李霞,王建刚,等.塔里木河下游植物群落结构特征分析(J).生态环境,2007,16(4):1219-1224.(Zhang Huifang,Li Xia,Wang Jiangang,et al.The structure characteristic of theplant community in the lower reaches of Tarim River(J).Ecologyand Environment,2007,16(4):1 219-1 224.)
(8)张元明,陈亚宁,张小雷.塔里木河下游植物群落分布格局及其环境解释(J).地理学报,2004,59(6):903-910.(ZhangYuanming,Chen Yaning,Zhang Xiaolei,et al.Plant communitiesand their interrelations with environmental factors in the lower rea-ches of Tarim River(J).Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(6):903-910.)
(9)刘建军,吴秀芹.塔里木河下游土地利用格局的景观生态学评价(J).干旱环境监测,2002,16(4):210-211,222.(Liu Jian-jun,Wu Xiuqin.Assessment of land utilization pattern at the lowerreaches of Tarim River by landscape ecology(J).Arid Environ-mental Monitoring,2002,16(4):210-211,222.)
(10)王春芳.塔里木河下游受损生态人工恢复与重建探讨(D).北京:中国农业大学,2005.(Wang Chunfang.Study on the Restora-tion and Reconstruction of the Lower Reaches of Degraded TarimRiver Ecological System(D).Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Univer-sity,2005.)
(11)于军,王海珍,陈加利,等.塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林胡杨群落的空间格局研究(J).中国沙漠,2011,31(4):913-918.(YuJun,Wang Haizhen,Chen Jiali,et al.Spatial pattern of Populus eu-phratica community of desert riparian forest in Tarim River basin(J).Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(4):913-918.)
(12)韩路,王海珍,彭杰.塔里木河上游灰叶胡杨种群结构与空间格局研究(J).塔里木大学学报,2008,20(3):67-71.(HanLu,Wang Haizhen,Pen Jie.Study on spatial distribution patternand structure of Populus pruinosa Schrenk population in the upperreaches of Tarim River(J).Journal of Tarim University,2008,20(3):67-71.)
(13)赵峰侠,尹林克.荒漠内陆河岸胡杨和多枝柽柳幼苗种群空间分布格局及种间关联性(J).生态学杂志,2007,26(7):972-977.(Zhao Fengxia,Yin Linke.Spatial distribution pattern and in-terspecific association of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosis-sima seedlings populations along desert inland river(J).ChineseJournal of Ecology,2007,26(7):972-977.)
(14)刘虎俊,王继和,常兆丰,等.石羊河下游荒漠植物区系及其植被特征(J).生态学杂志,2006,25(2):113-118.(Liu Hujun,Wang Jihe,Chang Zhaofeng,et al.Characteristics of desert floraand vegetation in lower reach of Shiyang River Basin(J).ChineseJournal of Ecology,2006,25(2):113-118.)
(15)刘虎俊,尉秋实,王继和,等.甘肃北砸山沙冬青种群的空间分布格局(J).干旱区研究,2009,26(6):865-871.(Liu Hujun,Yu Qiushi,Wang Jihe,et al.Spatial distribution patterns of thepopulation of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in the Beiza Mountain,China(J).Arid Zone Research,2009,26(6):865-871.)
(16)曹晏宁,史利莎,韩烁,等.科尔沁沙地植被恢复中差不嘎蒿种群不同龄级个体的点格局分析(J).植物学通报,2008,25(4):437-442.(Cao Yanning,Shi Lisha,Han Shuo,et al.Point pattern a-nalysis for a population of Artemisia halodendron in a Kerqin Sandlot(J).Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2008,25(4):437-442.)
(17)杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,等.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563-570.(Yang Hongxiao,Zhang Jintun,Wu Bo,et al.Point pattern analysis of Artemisia or-dosica population in the Mu Us sandy land(J).Journal of Plant E-cology,2006,30(4):563-570.)
(18)惠刚盈,李丽,赵中华,等.林木空间分布格局分析方(J).生态学报,2007,27(11):4717-4728.(Hui Gangying,Li Li,ZhaoZhonghua,et al.Comparison of methods in analysis of the tree spa-tial distribution pattern(J).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4 717-4 728.)
(19)张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.(Zhang Jintun.Analysis of spatial pointpattern for plant species(J).Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1998,22(4):344-349.)
(20)Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles and null-models for pointpattern analysis in ecology(J).Oikos,2004,104:209-229.
(21)鲁为华,朱进忠,靳瑰丽.小尺度条件下退化绢蒿种群幼苗更新时空格局(J).草业学报,2011,20(5):272-277.(LuWeihua,Zhu Jinzhong,Jin Guili.Spatial and temporal pattern ofSeriphidium seedling in small-scale under two gradient degradation(J).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(5):272-277.)
(22)赵成章,高福元,王小鹏,等.狼毒种群小尺度空间分布格局及空间关联性研究(J).干旱区地理,2011,34(3):492-498.(Zhao Chengzhang,Gao Fuyuan,Sheng Yaping,et al.Fine-scalespatial distribution and spatial association of Stellera chamaejasmepopulation(J).Arid Land Geography,2011,34(3):492-498.)
(23)王辉,孙栋元,刘丽霞,等.干旱荒漠区沙蒿种群根系生态特征研究(J).水土保持学报,2007,21(1):99-102,122.(WangHui,Sun Dongyuan,Liu Lixia,et al.Ecological characteristics ofroots of Artemisa arenaria population in arid desert area(J).Jour-nal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(1):99-102,122.)
(24)李海东,沈渭寿,方颖,等.雅鲁藏布江中游河岸带几种主要沙生植物种群点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,2011,35(8):834-843.(Li Haidong,Shen Weishou,Fang Ying,et al.Point patternanalysis of several psammophyte populations in the riparian ecotonein the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet,China(J).Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(8):834-843.)
(25)谢江波,刘彤,崔运河,等.多尺度上的多物种多格局:以莫索湾沙漠四种灌木及其生境为例(J).生态学报,2008,28(5):2 176-2 190.(Xie Jiangbo,Liu Tong,Cui Yunhe,et al.Multispe-cies,multi-patterns atmultiple scales:A case study of four shrubs atMosuowan Desert,China(J).Acta Ecological Sinica,2008,28(5):2176-2190.)
(2)程霞.塔里木河中下游生态系统服务功能价值变化研究(D).乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007.(Chen Xia.Research on EcosystemService Value Change in the Middle and Lower Reaches of TarimRiver(D).Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2007.)
(3)刘虎俊,刘世增,李毅,等.石羊河中下游河岸带植被对地下水位变化的响应(J).干旱区研究,2012,29(2):335-341.(LiuHujun,Liu Shizeng,Li Yi,et al.Response of riparian vegetation tothe change of groundwater level at middle and lower reaches of theShiyang River(J).Arid Zone Research,2012,29(2):335-341.)
(4)张浩,赵智杰,谢金开.近20a来乌鲁木齐河下游地区生态系统服务价值的动态变化(J).干旱区研究,2011,28(2):341-348.(Zhang Hao,Zhao Zhijie,Xie Jinkai.Study on dynamicchange of service values of the ecosystems in the lower reaches ofthe Urumqi River in recent 20 years based on RS/GIS(J).AridZone Research,2011,28(2):341-348.)
(5)刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征(J).应用生态学报,2004,15(4):549-555.(Liu Jiazhen,Chen Yaning,Zhang Yuanming.Niche charac-teristics of plants on four environmental gradients in middle reachesof Tarim River(J).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(4):549-555.)
(6)赵锐锋,周华荣,钱亦兵,等.塔里木河中下游湿地及周边植物群落与环境因子的关系初探(J).应用生态学报,2006,17(6):955-960.(Zhao Ruifeng,Zhou Huarong,Qian Yibing,et al.In-terrelations between plant communities and environm ental factorsofwetlands and surrounding lands in mid-and lower reaches of Tar-im River(J).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(6):955-960.)
(7)张绘芳,李霞,王建刚,等.塔里木河下游植物群落结构特征分析(J).生态环境,2007,16(4):1219-1224.(Zhang Huifang,Li Xia,Wang Jiangang,et al.The structure characteristic of theplant community in the lower reaches of Tarim River(J).Ecologyand Environment,2007,16(4):1 219-1 224.)
(8)张元明,陈亚宁,张小雷.塔里木河下游植物群落分布格局及其环境解释(J).地理学报,2004,59(6):903-910.(ZhangYuanming,Chen Yaning,Zhang Xiaolei,et al.Plant communitiesand their interrelations with environmental factors in the lower rea-ches of Tarim River(J).Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(6):903-910.)
(9)刘建军,吴秀芹.塔里木河下游土地利用格局的景观生态学评价(J).干旱环境监测,2002,16(4):210-211,222.(Liu Jian-jun,Wu Xiuqin.Assessment of land utilization pattern at the lowerreaches of Tarim River by landscape ecology(J).Arid Environ-mental Monitoring,2002,16(4):210-211,222.)
(10)王春芳.塔里木河下游受损生态人工恢复与重建探讨(D).北京:中国农业大学,2005.(Wang Chunfang.Study on the Restora-tion and Reconstruction of the Lower Reaches of Degraded TarimRiver Ecological System(D).Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Univer-sity,2005.)
(11)于军,王海珍,陈加利,等.塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林胡杨群落的空间格局研究(J).中国沙漠,2011,31(4):913-918.(YuJun,Wang Haizhen,Chen Jiali,et al.Spatial pattern of Populus eu-phratica community of desert riparian forest in Tarim River basin(J).Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(4):913-918.)
(12)韩路,王海珍,彭杰.塔里木河上游灰叶胡杨种群结构与空间格局研究(J).塔里木大学学报,2008,20(3):67-71.(HanLu,Wang Haizhen,Pen Jie.Study on spatial distribution patternand structure of Populus pruinosa Schrenk population in the upperreaches of Tarim River(J).Journal of Tarim University,2008,20(3):67-71.)
(13)赵峰侠,尹林克.荒漠内陆河岸胡杨和多枝柽柳幼苗种群空间分布格局及种间关联性(J).生态学杂志,2007,26(7):972-977.(Zhao Fengxia,Yin Linke.Spatial distribution pattern and in-terspecific association of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosis-sima seedlings populations along desert inland river(J).ChineseJournal of Ecology,2007,26(7):972-977.)
(14)刘虎俊,王继和,常兆丰,等.石羊河下游荒漠植物区系及其植被特征(J).生态学杂志,2006,25(2):113-118.(Liu Hujun,Wang Jihe,Chang Zhaofeng,et al.Characteristics of desert floraand vegetation in lower reach of Shiyang River Basin(J).ChineseJournal of Ecology,2006,25(2):113-118.)
(15)刘虎俊,尉秋实,王继和,等.甘肃北砸山沙冬青种群的空间分布格局(J).干旱区研究,2009,26(6):865-871.(Liu Hujun,Yu Qiushi,Wang Jihe,et al.Spatial distribution patterns of thepopulation of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in the Beiza Mountain,China(J).Arid Zone Research,2009,26(6):865-871.)
(16)曹晏宁,史利莎,韩烁,等.科尔沁沙地植被恢复中差不嘎蒿种群不同龄级个体的点格局分析(J).植物学通报,2008,25(4):437-442.(Cao Yanning,Shi Lisha,Han Shuo,et al.Point pattern a-nalysis for a population of Artemisia halodendron in a Kerqin Sandlot(J).Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2008,25(4):437-442.)
(17)杨洪晓,张金屯,吴波,等.毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,2006,30(4):563-570.(Yang Hongxiao,Zhang Jintun,Wu Bo,et al.Point pattern analysis of Artemisia or-dosica population in the Mu Us sandy land(J).Journal of Plant E-cology,2006,30(4):563-570.)
(18)惠刚盈,李丽,赵中华,等.林木空间分布格局分析方(J).生态学报,2007,27(11):4717-4728.(Hui Gangying,Li Li,ZhaoZhonghua,et al.Comparison of methods in analysis of the tree spa-tial distribution pattern(J).Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4 717-4 728.)
(19)张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.(Zhang Jintun.Analysis of spatial pointpattern for plant species(J).Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1998,22(4):344-349.)
(20)Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles and null-models for pointpattern analysis in ecology(J).Oikos,2004,104:209-229.
(21)鲁为华,朱进忠,靳瑰丽.小尺度条件下退化绢蒿种群幼苗更新时空格局(J).草业学报,2011,20(5):272-277.(LuWeihua,Zhu Jinzhong,Jin Guili.Spatial and temporal pattern ofSeriphidium seedling in small-scale under two gradient degradation(J).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(5):272-277.)
(22)赵成章,高福元,王小鹏,等.狼毒种群小尺度空间分布格局及空间关联性研究(J).干旱区地理,2011,34(3):492-498.(Zhao Chengzhang,Gao Fuyuan,Sheng Yaping,et al.Fine-scalespatial distribution and spatial association of Stellera chamaejasmepopulation(J).Arid Land Geography,2011,34(3):492-498.)
(23)王辉,孙栋元,刘丽霞,等.干旱荒漠区沙蒿种群根系生态特征研究(J).水土保持学报,2007,21(1):99-102,122.(WangHui,Sun Dongyuan,Liu Lixia,et al.Ecological characteristics ofroots of Artemisa arenaria population in arid desert area(J).Jour-nal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(1):99-102,122.)
(24)李海东,沈渭寿,方颖,等.雅鲁藏布江中游河岸带几种主要沙生植物种群点格局分析(J).植物生态学报,2011,35(8):834-843.(Li Haidong,Shen Weishou,Fang Ying,et al.Point patternanalysis of several psammophyte populations in the riparian ecotonein the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet,China(J).Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(8):834-843.)
(25)谢江波,刘彤,崔运河,等.多尺度上的多物种多格局:以莫索湾沙漠四种灌木及其生境为例(J).生态学报,2008,28(5):2 176-2 190.(Xie Jiangbo,Liu Tong,Cui Yunhe,et al.Multispe-cies,multi-patterns atmultiple scales:A case study of four shrubs atMosuowan Desert,China(J).Acta Ecological Sinica,2008,28(5):2176-2190.)