正庚烷/空气混合气最小点火能量及其影响因素
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摘要
利用定容弹燃烧系统对正庚烷/空气混合气的最小点火能量进行了实验测量,获得了不同初始条件下正庚烷/空气混合气的最小电火花点火能量。实验结果表明:正庚烷/空气混合气的最小点火能量随当量比的增大先减小后增大。对于初始压力为0.1MPa和初始温度为450K的混合气,最小点火能量在当量比1.1附近达到最小值,为0.390 4mJ。实验发现:正庚烷/空气预混气的初始压力和初始温度对最小点火能量有重要的影响,与对火焰传播速度的影响是一致的。分析表明,初始温度和初始压力无论是对最小点火能量还是对火焰传播速度的影响,都与混合气的化学反应速率密切相关,化学反应速率越快,火焰传播速度越大,最小点火能量越小。
The minimum ignition energy(MIE)at different conditions of n-heptane/air mixtures can be obtained by the experimentation in constant volume combustion bomb.The experimental results showed that:MIE decreased and then increased with the increase of equivalence ratio.When the equivalence ratio was 1.1,MIE reached the minimum value.At the condition of the initial pressure 0.1 MPa and initial temperature 450 K,MIE was 0.3904 mJ.Initial pressure and initial temperature of premixed gas had a major influence on MIE,and their effect was consistent with the effect on flame propagation speed.The impact of initial temperature and initial pressure on flame propagation speed and MIE is related to the chemical reaction rate of mixture,the faster reaction rate means the greater flame propagation speed and smaller the MIE.
The minimum ignition energy(MIE)at different conditions of n-heptane/air mixtures can be obtained by the experimentation in constant volume combustion bomb.The experimental results showed that:MIE decreased and then increased with the increase of equivalence ratio.When the equivalence ratio was 1.1,MIE reached the minimum value.At the condition of the initial pressure 0.1 MPa and initial temperature 450 K,MIE was 0.3904 mJ.Initial pressure and initial temperature of premixed gas had a major influence on MIE,and their effect was consistent with the effect on flame propagation speed.The impact of initial temperature and initial pressure on flame propagation speed and MIE is related to the chemical reaction rate of mixture,the faster reaction rate means the greater flame propagation speed and smaller the MIE.
引文
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[14]Comite Europeen de Normalisation.2002 Potentially explosive atmospheres,explosion prevention and protection,determination of minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures:EN 13821[S].London:Comite Europeen de Normalisation,2002:5-14.
[15]American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard test method for minimum ignition energy of a dust cloud in air:ASTM E2019-03[S].Philadelphia,US:American Society for Testing and Materials,2013:4-7.
[16]BANE S P M,SHEPHERD J E,KWON E,et al.Statistical analysis of electrostatic spark ignition of lean H2/O2/Ar mixtures[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(3):2344-2350.
[17]郑东.汽油替代燃料燃烧机理研究与火焰传播速度测量[D].北京:清华大学,2016.ZHENG Dong.Research on combustion mechanism of gasoline surrogate fuel and measurement of laminar flame speed[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2016.(in Chinese)
[18]岑可法.高等燃烧学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012.
[2]ECKHOFF R K,OLSEN M N.On the minimum ignition energy(MIE)for propane/air[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175(1/2/3):293-297.
[3]MAN C K,GIBBINS J R.Factors affecting coal particle ignition under oxy fuel combustion atmospheres[J].Fuel,2011,90(1):294-304.
[4]HAN J,YAMASHITA H,HAYASHI N.Numerical study on the spark ignition characteristics of a methane-air mixture using detailed chemical kinetics:effect of equivalence ratio,electrode gap distance,and electrode radius on MIE,quenching distance,and ignition delay[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157(7):1414-1421.
[5]KELLEY A P,JOMAAS G,LAW C K.Critical radius for sustained propagation of spark-ignited spherical flame[J].Combust Flame,2009,156(5):1006-1013.
[6]KONDO S,TAKAHASHI A,TOKUHASHI K.Calculation of minimum ignition energy of premixed gases[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,103(1/2):11-23.
[7]马秋菊,张奇,庞磊.甲烷-空气最小点火能量预测理论模型[J].高压物理学报,2012,26(3):301-305.MA Qiuju,ZHANG Qi,PANG Lei.Theoretical model of minimum ignition energy prediction for methane-air mixture[J].Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2012,26(3):301-305.(in Chinese)
[8]刘庆明,汪建平,李磊,等.电火花放电能量及其损耗的计算[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1255-1260.LIU Qingming,WANG Jianping,LI Lei,et al.Calculation of electric spark discharge energy and its energy loss[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(4):1255-1260.(in Chinese)
[9]王国情,李玉阳,杨玖重,等.不同压力下正庚烷火焰传播的实验和模型研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2016,22(3):252-256.WANG Guoqing,LI Yuyang,YANG Jiuchong,et al.Flame propagation of n-heptane at various pressures and its kinetic modeling[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2016,22(3):252-256.(in Chinese)
[10]莫胜钧.小型航空点燃式重油活塞发动机点火及火焰传播特性的模拟研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.MO Shengjun.Study on the ignition and flame propagation property of light-weight,spark ignition,heavy oil aeroengine[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese)
[11]李新光,董洪光,RADANDT S,等.粉尘云最小点火能测试方法的比较与分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(1):44-47.LI Xinguang,DONG Hongguang,RADANDT S,et al.Comparison and analysis of different testing methods of minimum ignition energy of dust cloud[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2004,25(1):44-47.(in Chinese)
[12]张增亮,张景林,蔡康旭.最小点火能的影响因素及计算误差分析研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(5):88-91.ZHANG Zengliang,ZHANG Jinglin,CAI Kangxu,et al.Study on affecting factors of minimum ignition energy(MIE)and analysis on its calculation error[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[13]International Electrotechnical Commission.Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust:Part 2test methods,section 3 method of determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures:IEC 61241-2-3-1994[S].Geneva,Swiss:International Electrotechnical Commission,1994:13-15.
[14]Comite Europeen de Normalisation.2002 Potentially explosive atmospheres,explosion prevention and protection,determination of minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures:EN 13821[S].London:Comite Europeen de Normalisation,2002:5-14.
[15]American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard test method for minimum ignition energy of a dust cloud in air:ASTM E2019-03[S].Philadelphia,US:American Society for Testing and Materials,2013:4-7.
[16]BANE S P M,SHEPHERD J E,KWON E,et al.Statistical analysis of electrostatic spark ignition of lean H2/O2/Ar mixtures[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(3):2344-2350.
[17]郑东.汽油替代燃料燃烧机理研究与火焰传播速度测量[D].北京:清华大学,2016.ZHENG Dong.Research on combustion mechanism of gasoline surrogate fuel and measurement of laminar flame speed[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2016.(in Chinese)
[18]岑可法.高等燃烧学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012.