黔北桐梓松坎志留系石牛栏组的后生动物礁
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摘要
黔北桐梓志留纪兰多维列世埃隆晚期石牛栏组石牛栏段以壳相灰岩为主,分布于黔中古陆以北的陆表海浅水区。桐梓松坎韩家店剖面石牛栏段上部出露后生动物礁相单元,薄层灰岩礁翼亚相之上覆盖无层理、无分选的生物灰岩砾块则属塌积岩亚相,由此可推测未出露的点礁生长已经达到明显的正向地貌隆起阶段,礁核部分的造礁珊瑚或已固结的礁灰岩在强水流作用下破碎后被搬运到礁体周围堆积;在塌积岩之上叠复层状礁。在整个礁体生长过程中,珊瑚格架是构建绑结岩的主体,造礁动物和附礁动物的生物多样性和丰度高。这个造礁期的生态群落分异与距离黔中古陆海岸线的距离密切相关,南区代家沟属近岸叠层石生长带,韩家店是后生动物格架型点礁分布的南缘,点礁分布向北延伸区截止于水坝塘。桐梓上升造成区域海底暴露并终结礁相生长。
The Shihniulan Member of the Shihniulan Formation is of late Aeronian in age(Llandovery,Silurian).It was deposited in shallow marine environments in an epicontinental sea on the northern Qianzhong Land.Reefal limestones of the upper Shihniulan Member at the Hanjiadian section,Songkan,Tongzi County are dominated by rich coral fossils,and can be further subdivided into three subfacies including the reef-flank,talus and biostrome facies.Thin-bedded limestones of the reef flank facies is replaced by poor-bedded and unsorted breccia,the latter of which is interpreted as talus deposites.Therefore,topographic relief of the reef-core was apparent.Some broken hermatypic coral and reefal limestones of the reef-core were impacted by strong currents and then accumulated in surrounding belts.The final stage of reef development shows biostromal unit with a gentle relief.Coral frameworks played key roles in the formation of the boundstones.Metazoan fauna of the reef ecosystem is taxonomically diverse and numerically abundant.Differentiation of reef communities was essentially controlled by the palaeogeological setting,especially the spatial distance from the Qianzhong Land.Stromatolites of the Daijiagou section are limited along the southern near-shoal belt.Metazoan patch reefs extend from the Hanjiadian area in the south to the Shuibatang area in the north.The Tongzi Uplift event caused regression and eventually the regional disappearance of the reef system.
The Shihniulan Member of the Shihniulan Formation is of late Aeronian in age(Llandovery,Silurian).It was deposited in shallow marine environments in an epicontinental sea on the northern Qianzhong Land.Reefal limestones of the upper Shihniulan Member at the Hanjiadian section,Songkan,Tongzi County are dominated by rich coral fossils,and can be further subdivided into three subfacies including the reef-flank,talus and biostrome facies.Thin-bedded limestones of the reef flank facies is replaced by poor-bedded and unsorted breccia,the latter of which is interpreted as talus deposites.Therefore,topographic relief of the reef-core was apparent.Some broken hermatypic coral and reefal limestones of the reef-core were impacted by strong currents and then accumulated in surrounding belts.The final stage of reef development shows biostromal unit with a gentle relief.Coral frameworks played key roles in the formation of the boundstones.Metazoan fauna of the reef ecosystem is taxonomically diverse and numerically abundant.Differentiation of reef communities was essentially controlled by the palaeogeological setting,especially the spatial distance from the Qianzhong Land.Stromatolites of the Daijiagou section are limited along the southern near-shoal belt.Metazoan patch reefs extend from the Hanjiadian area in the south to the Shuibatang area in the north.The Tongzi Uplift event caused regression and eventually the regional disappearance of the reef system.
引文
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陈旭,戎嘉余,王成源,耿良玉,邓占球,伍鸿基,陈挺恩,徐均涛,Holland C H,Aldridge R J,Bassett M G,Downie C,Lane P D,Richards R B&Scrutton C T.1996.中国扬子区兰多维列统特列奇阶及其与英国的对比.北京:科学出版社.1-162.
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邓小杰,王冠,李越.2012.黔北桐梓志留系石牛栏组顶部特征指示的海岸线位置.地层学杂志,36(4):718-722.
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何心一,陈建强.1999.西秦岭迭部地区早志留世四射珊瑚动物群.古生物学报,38:423-434.
金淳泰.1982.西南地区地层总结志留系.成都:地质部成都地质矿产研究所.1-135.
李越.2004.华南晚奥陶世至早志留世生物礁的演化历程∥戎嘉余,方宗杰主编.生物大绝灭与复苏---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据(上卷).合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.187-222.
林宝玉,苏养正,朱秀芳,戎嘉余.1998.中国地层典志留系.北京:地质出版社.1-104.
穆恩之,林彩华.1987.贵州石阡地区志留纪花瓣海百合科.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所丛刊,12:1-22.
穆恩之.1959.中国含笔石地层.中国地质学基本资料专题总结论文集,第3号.北京:地质出版社.1-75.
戎嘉余,Johnson M E,杨学长.1984.上扬子区早志留世(兰多维列世)的海平面变化.古生物学报,23:672-693.
戎嘉余,王怿,詹仁斌,唐鹏,黄冰,吴荣昌,王光旭,李越,邓小杰.2012.论桐梓上升---志留纪埃隆晚期黔中古陆北扩的证据.地层学杂志,36(4):679-691.
戎嘉余,詹仁斌.2004.牛场组---上扬子区南部志留系兰多维列统的一个新地层单位.地层学杂志,28(4):300-306.
万云,张廷山,兰光志,袁建新.1995.川南黔北志留纪生物礁与古环境演化.重庆石油高等专科学校学报,1:2-7.
王立亭.1976.贵州的志留系/贵州省革命委员会地质局编.贵州省各时代地层总结.惠水:贵州省区域地质调查队.1-68.
尹赞勋.1949.中国南部志留纪地层之分类与对比.中国地质学会志,29:1-62.
尹赞勋,谌义睿.1947.四川綦江楚米铺观音桥间之志留纪剖面.中国地质学会志,27:273-297.
张廷山,兰光志,高卫东,Copper P.1994.中国川西北地区志留纪生物礁.成都:成都科技大学出版社.1-115.
张文堂,陈旭,许汉奎,王俊庚,林尧坤,陈均远.1964.贵州北部的志留系∥中国科学院地质古生物研究所编.黔北地层现场会议贵州北部的古生代地层.南京:中国科学院地质古生物研究所.79-110.
周希云,翟志强,鲜思远.1981.贵州志留系牙形刺生物地层及新属种.石油天然气地质,2:123-140.
Aldridge R J,Jeppsson L&Dorning K J.1993.Early Silurian oceanic episodes and events.Journal of the Geological Society,London.150:501-513.
Brunton F R&Copper P.1994.Paleoecologic,temporal,and spatial analysis of Early Silurian reefs of the Chicotte Formation,Anticosti Island,Quebec,Canada.Facies,31:57-80.
Brunton F R,Copper P&Dixon O A.1997a.Silurian reef-building episodes∥Proceedings 8th International Coral Reef Symposium,2:1643-1650.
Brunton F R,Smith L,Dixon O A,Copper P,Nestor H&Kershaw S.1998.Silurian reef episodes changing seascapes and paleobiogeography.New York State Museum Bulletin,491:265-282.
Brunton F R,Smith L,Dixon O A,Kershaw S&Nestor H.1997b.Silurian reef evolution and paleo-oceanography/biogeography.CSPG/SEPM Joint Convention,Calgary,Alta.,June 1-7.
Copper P.2002.Silurian and Devonian reefs:80 million years of global greenhouse between two ice ages.∥Kiessling W,Flügel E&Golonka J eds.Phanerozoic Reef Patterns.SEPM Special Publication,72:181-238.
Copper P&Brunton F R.1991.A global review of Silurian reefs/Bassett M G,Lane P D&Edward D eds.The Murchison Symposium:Proceedings of an International Conference on the Silurian System.Special Paper of Palaeontology,44:225-260.
Copper P&Jin Ji-suo.2012.Early Silurian(Aeronian)East Point coral patch reefs of Anticosti Island,Eastern Canada:first reef recovery from the Ordovician/Silurian Mass Extinction in Eastern Laurentia.Geosciences,2:64-89.
De Freitas T A&Dixon O A.1995.Silurian microbial buildups in the Canadian Arctic∥Monty C L V,Bosence D W J,Bridges PH&Pratt B R eds.Carbonate Mud Mounds:their origin and E-volution.International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,23:151-169.
De Freitas T A,Trettin H P,Dixon O A&Mallamo M.1999.Silurian System of the Canadian arctic Archipelago.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,47:136-193.
Dixon O A&Graf G C.1992.Upper Silurian reef mounds on a shallowing carbonate ramp Devon Island arctic Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,40:1-23.
Johnson M,Rong Jia-yu&Kershaw S.1998.Calibrating Silurian eustasy by erosion and burial of coastal paleotopography.New York StateMuseum,Bulletin 491:3-14.
Li Yue,Kershaw S&Chen Xu.2004.Control of carbonate sedimentation and reef growth in Llandovery sequences on the northwestern margin of Yangtze Platform,South China.Gondwana Research,7:937-949.
Rong Jia-yu,Chen Xu,Su Yang-zheng,Ni Yu-nan,Zhan Ren-bin,Chen Ting-en,Fu Li-pu,Li Rong-yu&Fan Juan-xuan.2003.Silurian paleogeography of China∥Landing E&Johnson M Eeds.Silurian lands and seas-paleogeography outside of Laurentia.New York State Museum,Bulletin493:243-298.
Ruppel S C,James E W,Barrlck J E,Nowlan G&Uyeno T T.1998.High resolution Silurian 87Sr/86Sr record:evidence of eustatic control of seawater chemistry.New York State Museum,Bulletin491:285-295.
Wang Guan,Li Yue,Kershaw S&Deng Xiao-jie.2014.Global reef recovery after the end-Ordovician extinction:evidence from the late Aeronian coral-stromatoporoid reefs in South China.GFF,136:286-289.
Zadoroshnaya N M&Nikitin I F.1990.Kazachstan region∥Belenitskaya G A&Zadoroshnaya N M.eds.Phanerozoic reefal and sulfate-bearing formations of the SSSR.Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR,Nedra,Moscow.41-52(in Russian).
Zhan Ren-bin&Jin Ji-suo.2007.Ordovician-Early Silurian(Llandovery)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China.Beijing:Science Press.1-169.
陈旭,戎嘉余,王成源,耿良玉,邓占球,伍鸿基,陈挺恩,徐均涛,Holland C H,Aldridge R J,Bassett M G,Downie C,Lane P D,Richards R B&Scrutton C T.1996.中国扬子区兰多维列统特列奇阶及其与英国的对比.北京:科学出版社.1-162.
邓小杰,王冠,黄勇,张嘉玮,龙胜清,马义波,李越.2016.黔北桐梓狮溪志留纪埃隆晚期石牛栏段的生物滩相.贵州地质,出版中.
邓小杰,王冠,李越.2012.黔北桐梓志留系石牛栏组顶部特征指示的海岸线位置.地层学杂志,36(4):718-722.
丁文江.1947.丁文江先生地质调查报告.北京:前经济部中央地质调查所.118-129.
葛治洲,戎嘉余,杨学长,刘耕武,倪寓南,董得源,伍鸿基.1979.西南地区的志留系∥中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所著.西南地区碳酸盐生物地层.北京:科学出版社.155-220.
何心一,陈建强.1999.西秦岭迭部地区早志留世四射珊瑚动物群.古生物学报,38:423-434.
金淳泰.1982.西南地区地层总结志留系.成都:地质部成都地质矿产研究所.1-135.
李越.2004.华南晚奥陶世至早志留世生物礁的演化历程∥戎嘉余,方宗杰主编.生物大绝灭与复苏---来自华南古生代和三叠纪的证据(上卷).合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.187-222.
林宝玉,苏养正,朱秀芳,戎嘉余.1998.中国地层典志留系.北京:地质出版社.1-104.
穆恩之,林彩华.1987.贵州石阡地区志留纪花瓣海百合科.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所丛刊,12:1-22.
穆恩之.1959.中国含笔石地层.中国地质学基本资料专题总结论文集,第3号.北京:地质出版社.1-75.
戎嘉余,Johnson M E,杨学长.1984.上扬子区早志留世(兰多维列世)的海平面变化.古生物学报,23:672-693.
戎嘉余,王怿,詹仁斌,唐鹏,黄冰,吴荣昌,王光旭,李越,邓小杰.2012.论桐梓上升---志留纪埃隆晚期黔中古陆北扩的证据.地层学杂志,36(4):679-691.
戎嘉余,詹仁斌.2004.牛场组---上扬子区南部志留系兰多维列统的一个新地层单位.地层学杂志,28(4):300-306.
万云,张廷山,兰光志,袁建新.1995.川南黔北志留纪生物礁与古环境演化.重庆石油高等专科学校学报,1:2-7.
王立亭.1976.贵州的志留系/贵州省革命委员会地质局编.贵州省各时代地层总结.惠水:贵州省区域地质调查队.1-68.
尹赞勋.1949.中国南部志留纪地层之分类与对比.中国地质学会志,29:1-62.
尹赞勋,谌义睿.1947.四川綦江楚米铺观音桥间之志留纪剖面.中国地质学会志,27:273-297.
张廷山,兰光志,高卫东,Copper P.1994.中国川西北地区志留纪生物礁.成都:成都科技大学出版社.1-115.
张文堂,陈旭,许汉奎,王俊庚,林尧坤,陈均远.1964.贵州北部的志留系∥中国科学院地质古生物研究所编.黔北地层现场会议贵州北部的古生代地层.南京:中国科学院地质古生物研究所.79-110.
周希云,翟志强,鲜思远.1981.贵州志留系牙形刺生物地层及新属种.石油天然气地质,2:123-140.
Aldridge R J,Jeppsson L&Dorning K J.1993.Early Silurian oceanic episodes and events.Journal of the Geological Society,London.150:501-513.
Brunton F R&Copper P.1994.Paleoecologic,temporal,and spatial analysis of Early Silurian reefs of the Chicotte Formation,Anticosti Island,Quebec,Canada.Facies,31:57-80.
Brunton F R,Copper P&Dixon O A.1997a.Silurian reef-building episodes∥Proceedings 8th International Coral Reef Symposium,2:1643-1650.
Brunton F R,Smith L,Dixon O A,Copper P,Nestor H&Kershaw S.1998.Silurian reef episodes changing seascapes and paleobiogeography.New York State Museum Bulletin,491:265-282.
Brunton F R,Smith L,Dixon O A,Kershaw S&Nestor H.1997b.Silurian reef evolution and paleo-oceanography/biogeography.CSPG/SEPM Joint Convention,Calgary,Alta.,June 1-7.
Copper P.2002.Silurian and Devonian reefs:80 million years of global greenhouse between two ice ages.∥Kiessling W,Flügel E&Golonka J eds.Phanerozoic Reef Patterns.SEPM Special Publication,72:181-238.
Copper P&Brunton F R.1991.A global review of Silurian reefs/Bassett M G,Lane P D&Edward D eds.The Murchison Symposium:Proceedings of an International Conference on the Silurian System.Special Paper of Palaeontology,44:225-260.
Copper P&Jin Ji-suo.2012.Early Silurian(Aeronian)East Point coral patch reefs of Anticosti Island,Eastern Canada:first reef recovery from the Ordovician/Silurian Mass Extinction in Eastern Laurentia.Geosciences,2:64-89.
De Freitas T A&Dixon O A.1995.Silurian microbial buildups in the Canadian Arctic∥Monty C L V,Bosence D W J,Bridges PH&Pratt B R eds.Carbonate Mud Mounds:their origin and E-volution.International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,23:151-169.
De Freitas T A,Trettin H P,Dixon O A&Mallamo M.1999.Silurian System of the Canadian arctic Archipelago.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,47:136-193.
Dixon O A&Graf G C.1992.Upper Silurian reef mounds on a shallowing carbonate ramp Devon Island arctic Canada.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,40:1-23.
Johnson M,Rong Jia-yu&Kershaw S.1998.Calibrating Silurian eustasy by erosion and burial of coastal paleotopography.New York StateMuseum,Bulletin 491:3-14.
Li Yue,Kershaw S&Chen Xu.2004.Control of carbonate sedimentation and reef growth in Llandovery sequences on the northwestern margin of Yangtze Platform,South China.Gondwana Research,7:937-949.
Rong Jia-yu,Chen Xu,Su Yang-zheng,Ni Yu-nan,Zhan Ren-bin,Chen Ting-en,Fu Li-pu,Li Rong-yu&Fan Juan-xuan.2003.Silurian paleogeography of China∥Landing E&Johnson M Eeds.Silurian lands and seas-paleogeography outside of Laurentia.New York State Museum,Bulletin493:243-298.
Ruppel S C,James E W,Barrlck J E,Nowlan G&Uyeno T T.1998.High resolution Silurian 87Sr/86Sr record:evidence of eustatic control of seawater chemistry.New York State Museum,Bulletin491:285-295.
Wang Guan,Li Yue,Kershaw S&Deng Xiao-jie.2014.Global reef recovery after the end-Ordovician extinction:evidence from the late Aeronian coral-stromatoporoid reefs in South China.GFF,136:286-289.
Zadoroshnaya N M&Nikitin I F.1990.Kazachstan region∥Belenitskaya G A&Zadoroshnaya N M.eds.Phanerozoic reefal and sulfate-bearing formations of the SSSR.Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR,Nedra,Moscow.41-52(in Russian).
Zhan Ren-bin&Jin Ji-suo.2007.Ordovician-Early Silurian(Llandovery)Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China.Beijing:Science Press.1-169.