柴达木盆地东北缘早石炭世生物礁发育特征及成礁模式
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摘要
在野外踏勘及岩心观察的基础上,结合室内鉴定分析,首次对柴达木盆地东北缘早石炭世生物礁的发育特征、沉积环境及成礁模式进行了相关研究。结果表明:柴达木盆地东北缘早石炭世生物礁类型有珊瑚礁和海百合礁2种,主要造礁生物为四射珊瑚,发育有柱状、牛角状、锥状的单体珊瑚和短簇状、丛状、团块状的群体珊瑚两大类型;附礁生物主要包含腕足类、腹足类、苔藓虫、有孔虫、海百合等。通过对典型礁体的解剖分析,结合研究区当时的沉积环境及沉积相展布特征,初步反演出该区早石炭世生物礁的形成过程及其相应的生长条件,总结出柴东北缘地区生物礁的成礁模式主要是陆表海背景下的台地边缘斜坡点礁模式,该模式下礁体主要以坍塌的角砾灰岩为基础,礁体的生长和消亡对应着由浅变深的沉积序列。该研究对中国石炭纪生物礁的发育演化具有十分重要意义,对恢复柴达木盆地东北缘早炭世的古地理、古环境、油气勘探等方面有一定的指导作用。
On the basis of field reconnaissance and core observation,combining laboratory identification and analysis,the developing feature,sedimentary environment and forming mode of the Early Carboniferous reefs in NE margin of the Qaidam Basin were firstly studied. The results indicate that the Early Carboniferous reefs in the study area include two types( coral reef and crinoid reef); the major reef building organism is rugose corals,developing two major coral patterns: simple coral in columnar shape,ceratoid shape or coniform shape,and colonial coral in short cluster shape,cluster shape or lumpy shape; the chief reef-inserted organisms include brachiopod,gastropod,bryozoan,foraminifer and crinoid etc. By analyzing typical reefs,and integrating distribution features of sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies in the study area at that time,the forming process and relevant growing conditions of the Early Carboniferous reefs in this area was initially inverted,and summarized that the major forming mode of the reefs in NE margin of the Qaidam Basin is platform edge slope patch reef mode in epicontinental sea setting. The reefs of this mode are mainly based on caving brecciated limestone,and the growth and consumption of the reefs correspond to the deposit sequence from shallower to deeper. This study has great significance for the development of Carboniferous reefs in China,the restoration of palaeogeography and palaeoenvironment,and petroleum exploration etc. in this study area.
On the basis of field reconnaissance and core observation,combining laboratory identification and analysis,the developing feature,sedimentary environment and forming mode of the Early Carboniferous reefs in NE margin of the Qaidam Basin were firstly studied. The results indicate that the Early Carboniferous reefs in the study area include two types( coral reef and crinoid reef); the major reef building organism is rugose corals,developing two major coral patterns: simple coral in columnar shape,ceratoid shape or coniform shape,and colonial coral in short cluster shape,cluster shape or lumpy shape; the chief reef-inserted organisms include brachiopod,gastropod,bryozoan,foraminifer and crinoid etc. By analyzing typical reefs,and integrating distribution features of sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies in the study area at that time,the forming process and relevant growing conditions of the Early Carboniferous reefs in this area was initially inverted,and summarized that the major forming mode of the reefs in NE margin of the Qaidam Basin is platform edge slope patch reef mode in epicontinental sea setting. The reefs of this mode are mainly based on caving brecciated limestone,and the growth and consumption of the reefs correspond to the deposit sequence from shallower to deeper. This study has great significance for the development of Carboniferous reefs in China,the restoration of palaeogeography and palaeoenvironment,and petroleum exploration etc. in this study area.
引文
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[14]黄鸿光,杜学斌,陆永潮,等.南海西部深水区中新世断控台缘生物礁生长演化[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):35-39.
[15]牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油地质研究与试验攻关实践及体会[J].石油科技论坛,2016,35(4):38-46.
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[18]崔鑫,李江海,姜洪福,等.断陷盆地内构造带对油气聚集的控制作用:以海拉尔盆地霍多莫尔构造带为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):40-47.
[19]牛子铖,柳广弟,曹喆,等.银额盆地查干凹陷油藏特征及油气成藏过程[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):32-39.
[20]孙梦迪,于炳松,夏威,等.渝东南地区下志留统底部黑色岩系沉积环境及有机质富集机制——以鹿角剖面为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(5):51-60.
[21]郭书元,詹伟,黄太柱,等.塔里木盆地西部海西中期抬升事件及其对沉积-构造格局的影响[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):147-155.
[22]张科,赵汝敏,程岳宏,等.西北巴拉望盆地生物礁识别与预测应用研究[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(4):22-25.
[23]刘存革,李国蓉,罗明霞,等.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起与柯坪露头中上奥陶统地层对比及烃源岩分布[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):170-177.
[24]黄正良,武春英,马占荣,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组沉积层序及其对储层发育的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):20-29.
[25]谭先锋,蒋威,吴康军,等.陆相碎屑岩中钙质胶结物沉淀机制及油气储集意义:来自济阳坳陷孔店组和川西须家河组的对比研究[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):293-302.
[26]刘世翔,张功成,赵志刚,等.南海构造旋回对曾母盆地油气成藏的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(2):37-44.
[27]王柯,黄兴文,郝建荣.盐岩对烃源岩热演化及储层温度的影响——以加蓬盆地X区块为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):47-51.
[28]杨艳秋,李刚,易春燕.南黄海盆地海相地层地震反射特征及地震层序地质时代[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):50-59.
[29]吴江,侯渎杰,许汇源,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷原油轻烃地球化学特征及油源区分[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(5):23-31.
[2]范嘉松,张维.生物礁的基本概念、分类及识别特征[J].岩石学报,1985,1(3):45-59,97.
[3]淡永,梁彬,曹建文,等.塔北哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶层组特征与溶蚀强度分析[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(5):582-590.
[4]聂明龙,童晓光,刘群明,等.土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸地区盐下碳酸盐岩气藏类型及油气富集因素[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):70-75.
[5]王昱翔,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈勒法耶油田塞迪组碳酸盐岩储层特征及高孔低渗成因分析[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):224-230.
[6]张义楷,康安,闵小刚,等.伊拉克米桑油田群Mishrif组MB_2~1段碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):360-365.
[7]卫平生,刘全新,张景廉,等.再论生物礁与大油气田的关系[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):38-42.
[8]钟建华,温志峰,李勇,等.生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质论评,2005,51(3):288-300.
[9]孙娇鹏,陈世悦,彭渊,等.欧龙布鲁克微地块下奥陶统复理石物源和构造背景研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):27-35.
[10]杨超,陈清华,王冠民,等.柴达木地区晚古生代沉积构造演化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(5):38-43,49.
[11]杨平,胡勇.柴达木盆地石炭纪古生态与沉积环境[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):280-284.
[12]Wilson J L.Carbonate Facies in Geologic History[M].New York:Springer Verlag,1975:471.
[13]汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木盆地构造古地理分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):421-429.
[14]黄鸿光,杜学斌,陆永潮,等.南海西部深水区中新世断控台缘生物礁生长演化[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):35-39.
[15]牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油地质研究与试验攻关实践及体会[J].石油科技论坛,2016,35(4):38-46.
[16]席敏红,周兴海,王琳,等.琼东南盆地深水区生物礁发育模式研究[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(4):435-441.
[17]韩克猷,查全衡,孙玮.扬子地台古生界页岩气资源及勘探前景[J].石油科技论坛,2016,35(2):37-45.
[18]崔鑫,李江海,姜洪福,等.断陷盆地内构造带对油气聚集的控制作用:以海拉尔盆地霍多莫尔构造带为例[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):40-47.
[19]牛子铖,柳广弟,曹喆,等.银额盆地查干凹陷油藏特征及油气成藏过程[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):32-39.
[20]孙梦迪,于炳松,夏威,等.渝东南地区下志留统底部黑色岩系沉积环境及有机质富集机制——以鹿角剖面为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(5):51-60.
[21]郭书元,詹伟,黄太柱,等.塔里木盆地西部海西中期抬升事件及其对沉积-构造格局的影响[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):147-155.
[22]张科,赵汝敏,程岳宏,等.西北巴拉望盆地生物礁识别与预测应用研究[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(4):22-25.
[23]刘存革,李国蓉,罗明霞,等.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起与柯坪露头中上奥陶统地层对比及烃源岩分布[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):170-177.
[24]黄正良,武春英,马占荣,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组沉积层序及其对储层发育的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):20-29.
[25]谭先锋,蒋威,吴康军,等.陆相碎屑岩中钙质胶结物沉淀机制及油气储集意义:来自济阳坳陷孔店组和川西须家河组的对比研究[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):293-302.
[26]刘世翔,张功成,赵志刚,等.南海构造旋回对曾母盆地油气成藏的控制作用[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(2):37-44.
[27]王柯,黄兴文,郝建荣.盐岩对烃源岩热演化及储层温度的影响——以加蓬盆地X区块为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):47-51.
[28]杨艳秋,李刚,易春燕.南黄海盆地海相地层地震反射特征及地震层序地质时代[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):50-59.
[29]吴江,侯渎杰,许汇源,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷原油轻烃地球化学特征及油源区分[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(5):23-31.