塔北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩颗粒滩沉积特征及分布规律
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摘要
为了深入研究塔北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩颗粒滩沉积特征与分布规律。利用地震、测井、岩心和薄片等资料,分析了塔北地区奥陶系一间房组和良里塔格组的岩石学特征,颗粒滩体的沉积特征、垂向组合和分布规律等,并探讨了颗粒滩发育的主控因素与良里塔格组颗粒滩发育储层的可能性。结果表明:塔北地区一间房组为浅水宽缓台地,垂向上发育厚层颗粒滩和生物礁,颗粒滩体呈连片状分布,点礁分散于缓坡高能带,沉积微相主要为内碎屑滩、藻粒滩、生屑滩和鲕粒滩等;良里塔格组为弱镶边型台地,垂向上发育中厚层颗粒滩和生物礁丘,颗粒滩体呈片状分布于台缘洼地中,环绕古隆起呈环带状展布,沉积微相主要为内碎屑滩、藻粒滩、生屑滩、鲕粒滩和核形石滩等。颗粒滩体的发育主要受海平面相对变化、水体能量和古地貌影响,良里塔格组颗粒滩的发育规模虽不如一间房组,但其台缘带的颗粒滩仍可发育良好储层,为塔北地区潜在的油气储层段。
The data of seismic,logging,core and thin sections were used to analyze the petrology characteristics,sedimentary characteristics,vertical depositional combination and distribution regularities of Ordovician Yijianfang Formation and Lianglitage Formation in northern Tarim Basin,and the main controlling factors of carbonate shoals development and the possibility about effective reservoir development of Lianglitage Formation werediscussed. The results show that the sedimentary microfacies of Yijianfang Formation can be divided into four types:intraclastic shoal,algaeclastic shoal,bioclastic shoal and oolitic shoal. Tabei area was shallow and width platform during the Yijianfang Formation depositional stage,thick-layer grainstone shoal and reefs were developed vertically. The platform grainstone shoals present plate-like with good lateral continuity,and the reefs scattered among high-energy zones. The sedimentary microfacies of Lianglitage Formation can be divided into five types:intraclastic shoal,algae clastic shoal,bioclastic shoal,oolitic shoal and oncolite shoal. Tabei area turned into weak rimmed platform during the Lianglitage Formation depositional stage. The water was deep and less high-enegry facies developed. Medium-thick layer grainstone shoals and reefs were developed vertically. The grainstone shoals distributed as plate-like among the depression,and around the paleo-uplift as circle-type distribution. The development of grainstone shoals was mainly affected by relative sea level change,hydrodynamic conditions and paleogeomorphology. The development scale of grainstone shoal during Lianglitage Formation depositional stage is less than that of Yijianfang Formation depositional stage,however,the grainstone shoals in platform margin still could develop into effective reservoir,which is potential oil-gas reservoir.
The data of seismic,logging,core and thin sections were used to analyze the petrology characteristics,sedimentary characteristics,vertical depositional combination and distribution regularities of Ordovician Yijianfang Formation and Lianglitage Formation in northern Tarim Basin,and the main controlling factors of carbonate shoals development and the possibility about effective reservoir development of Lianglitage Formation werediscussed. The results show that the sedimentary microfacies of Yijianfang Formation can be divided into four types:intraclastic shoal,algaeclastic shoal,bioclastic shoal and oolitic shoal. Tabei area was shallow and width platform during the Yijianfang Formation depositional stage,thick-layer grainstone shoal and reefs were developed vertically. The platform grainstone shoals present plate-like with good lateral continuity,and the reefs scattered among high-energy zones. The sedimentary microfacies of Lianglitage Formation can be divided into five types:intraclastic shoal,algae clastic shoal,bioclastic shoal,oolitic shoal and oncolite shoal. Tabei area turned into weak rimmed platform during the Lianglitage Formation depositional stage. The water was deep and less high-enegry facies developed. Medium-thick layer grainstone shoals and reefs were developed vertically. The grainstone shoals distributed as plate-like among the depression,and around the paleo-uplift as circle-type distribution. The development of grainstone shoals was mainly affected by relative sea level change,hydrodynamic conditions and paleogeomorphology. The development scale of grainstone shoal during Lianglitage Formation depositional stage is less than that of Yijianfang Formation depositional stage,however,the grainstone shoals in platform margin still could develop into effective reservoir,which is potential oil-gas reservoir.
引文
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[7]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元.岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.LI Y J,YANG H J,ZHANG G Y,et al.Redivision of the tectonic units of Tabei Rise in Tarim Basin,NW China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[8]林畅松,杨海军,蔡振中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应.沉积学报,2013,31(5):907-919.LIN C S,YANG H J,CAI Z Z,et al.Evolution of depression architecture of the Ordovician carbonate platform in the Tarim Basin and its response to basin processes.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):907-919.
[9]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:187-188.ZHU X M.Sedimentary petrology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:187-188.
[10]刘宏,谭秀成,周彦,等.颗粒碳酸盐岩测井相及其对滩相储层的指示意义.天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):527-530.LIU H,TAN X C,ZHOU Y,et al.Logging facies of granular carbonate rocks and its implication on reservoir evaluation.Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):527-530.
[11]李凌,谭秀成,夏吉文,等.海平面升降对威远寒武系滩相储层的影响.天然气工业,2008,28(4):19-21.LI L,TAN X C,XIA J W,et al.Influences of eustatic movement on the Cambrian reservoirs of bank facies in Weiyuan gasfield,Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(4):19-21.
[12]朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究.岩石学报,2011,27(3):827-844.ZHU G Y,YANG H J,ZHU Y F,et al.Study on petroleum geological characteristics and accumulation of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area.Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):827-844.
[13]王建坡,邓小杰,王冠,等.中国奥陶纪生物礁的类型和造礁生物群的演替.科学通报,2012,57(11):924-932.WANG J P,DENG X J,WANG G,et al.Types and biotic successions of Ordovician reefs in China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(11):924-932.
[14]张学丰,李明,陈志勇,等.塔北哈拉哈塘奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层发育特征及主要岩溶期次.岩石学报,2012,28(3):815-826.ZHANG X F,LI M,CHEN Z Y,et al.Characteristics and karstification of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,Halahatang area,northern Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):815-826.
[15]毛雪莲,马青,刘伟,等.哈拉哈塘地区良里塔格组沉积特征分析.岩性油气藏,2012,24(3):21-26.MAO X L,MA Q,LIU W,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Halahatang area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(3):21-26.
[2]丁熊,陈景山,谭秀成,等.川中—川南过渡带雷口坡组台内滩组合特征.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):444-451.DING X,CHEN J S,TAN X C,et al.Structural characteristics of intra-platform shoal in the Leikoupou Formation(T2)in the transitional zone of the central and southern Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):444-451.
[3]马腾,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地及邻区下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩沉积特征与空间分布.古地理学报,2015,17(2):213-228.MA T,TAN X C,LI L,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and distribution of grain shoals in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas.Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(2):213-228.
[4]杨鹏飞,张丽娟,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩大型缝洞集合体定量描述.岩性油气藏,2014,25(6):89-94.YANG P F,ZHANG L J,ZHENG D M,et al.Quantitative characterization of Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity aggregate in Tarim Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,25(6):89-94.
[5]崔海峰,郑多明,滕团余.塔北隆起哈拉哈塘凹陷石油地质特征与油气勘探方向.岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):54-58.CUI H F,ZHENG D M,TENG T Y.Petroleum geologic characteristics and exploration orientation in Halahatang Depression of Tabei uplift.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):54-58.
[6]顾家裕,张兴阳,罗平,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):277-283.GU J Y,ZHANG X Y,LUO P,et al.Development characteristics of organic reef-bank complex on Ordovician carbonate platfor margin in Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(3):277-283.
[7]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元.岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.LI Y J,YANG H J,ZHANG G Y,et al.Redivision of the tectonic units of Tabei Rise in Tarim Basin,NW China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[8]林畅松,杨海军,蔡振中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应.沉积学报,2013,31(5):907-919.LIN C S,YANG H J,CAI Z Z,et al.Evolution of depression architecture of the Ordovician carbonate platform in the Tarim Basin and its response to basin processes.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):907-919.
[9]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:187-188.ZHU X M.Sedimentary petrology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:187-188.
[10]刘宏,谭秀成,周彦,等.颗粒碳酸盐岩测井相及其对滩相储层的指示意义.天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):527-530.LIU H,TAN X C,ZHOU Y,et al.Logging facies of granular carbonate rocks and its implication on reservoir evaluation.Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):527-530.
[11]李凌,谭秀成,夏吉文,等.海平面升降对威远寒武系滩相储层的影响.天然气工业,2008,28(4):19-21.LI L,TAN X C,XIA J W,et al.Influences of eustatic movement on the Cambrian reservoirs of bank facies in Weiyuan gasfield,Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(4):19-21.
[12]朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究.岩石学报,2011,27(3):827-844.ZHU G Y,YANG H J,ZHU Y F,et al.Study on petroleum geological characteristics and accumulation of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area.Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):827-844.
[13]王建坡,邓小杰,王冠,等.中国奥陶纪生物礁的类型和造礁生物群的演替.科学通报,2012,57(11):924-932.WANG J P,DENG X J,WANG G,et al.Types and biotic successions of Ordovician reefs in China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(11):924-932.
[14]张学丰,李明,陈志勇,等.塔北哈拉哈塘奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层发育特征及主要岩溶期次.岩石学报,2012,28(3):815-826.ZHANG X F,LI M,CHEN Z Y,et al.Characteristics and karstification of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,Halahatang area,northern Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):815-826.
[15]毛雪莲,马青,刘伟,等.哈拉哈塘地区良里塔格组沉积特征分析.岩性油气藏,2012,24(3):21-26.MAO X L,MA Q,LIU W,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Halahatang area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(3):21-26.