含硫天然气管道中毒潜在影响半径计算方法
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摘要
含硫天然气的泄漏会造成人员中毒,严重威胁管道附近人员的生命安全,ASME标准中推荐的潜在影响半径计算模型不适用于含硫天然气管道。常用气体扩散模型忽略泄漏气体的喷射作用导致中毒影响半径计算结果过于保守,因此首先分析含硫天然气管道泄漏特点,考虑泄漏气体喷射高度和泄漏速率的变化对硫化氢地面体积分数的影响,基于天然气泄漏扩散规律建立了不同时刻烟团和烟羽体积分数叠加表征的硫化氢中毒潜在影响半径R计算模型。考虑截断阀紧急关闭影响,按照30 s时间提出了泄漏速率分段计算依据,并合理确定了瞬时泄漏气团质量Q、连续性泄漏源强q、扩散参数以及泄漏气团中心高度H等基本参数。针对不同压力、管径、硫化氢体积分数条件,进行了中毒影响半径、热辐射潜在影响半径及忽略喷射高度的影响半径对比分析,合理提出了按照中毒潜在影响半径确定含硫天然气管道潜在影响半径的计算方法。
The present article is inclined to offer a model we have developed for calculating the impact of the potential poisoning radius in ASME B31 on the leakage of the acidic natural gas in the pipe. As is known,since the current model for doing such calculations recommended in the ASME standard proves not to be suitable for its being a bit too conservative due to its main concern about the natural gas dispersion rather than the poisoning radius.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze first of all the particular features of the natural gas pipeline and the R radius effects of the hydrogen sulfide poisoning while full attention has to be paid to the hydrogen sulfide concentration of the discharging height and the variation of the discharging rate of the pipeline. It is just on the aforementioned basis that we have developed a method for determining the acidic natural gas pipeline potential impact radius. To build up the said model,we have first of all analyzed the characteristics of the acidic natural gas pipeline discharge and dispersion. Based on the natural gas dispersion law,we have established a potential poisoning radius calculation model while considering the effects of the emergent releasing height and the variation of the releasing rate on the hydrogen sulfide concentration. To determine the chief parameters of the model,we have attributed the atmospheric stability to class A. At the same time,taking into careful account the cut-off emergency shutdown effects,we have segmented all the calculating pipeline releasing rates in a period of time of 30 seconds. Later,we have also defined the instantaneous release mass Q and the continuous release accidence strength q reasonably by working out the releasing rate of the pipeline in different cases. With all the rest basic parameters determined,such as the flow coefficient and the central height of the release puff H in accordance with the relative literature,we have finally determined the potential poisoning radius,the thermal radiation potential impact radius and the jet height-neglected impact radius while a comparison is made between the pipe diameters and hydrogen sulfide content at the different pressures. Thus,it can be seen that this study presents a reasonable way for calculating the acidic natural gas pipeline potential affecting radii in accordance with the potential poisoning radius. Thus,it is certain that the model we have developed for calculating the impact of the potential poisoning radius in ASME B31 which can serve as a reasonable reference for establishing a innovated identification method for the gas pipeline risk-zone consequence area.
The present article is inclined to offer a model we have developed for calculating the impact of the potential poisoning radius in ASME B31 on the leakage of the acidic natural gas in the pipe. As is known,since the current model for doing such calculations recommended in the ASME standard proves not to be suitable for its being a bit too conservative due to its main concern about the natural gas dispersion rather than the poisoning radius.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze first of all the particular features of the natural gas pipeline and the R radius effects of the hydrogen sulfide poisoning while full attention has to be paid to the hydrogen sulfide concentration of the discharging height and the variation of the discharging rate of the pipeline. It is just on the aforementioned basis that we have developed a method for determining the acidic natural gas pipeline potential impact radius. To build up the said model,we have first of all analyzed the characteristics of the acidic natural gas pipeline discharge and dispersion. Based on the natural gas dispersion law,we have established a potential poisoning radius calculation model while considering the effects of the emergent releasing height and the variation of the releasing rate on the hydrogen sulfide concentration. To determine the chief parameters of the model,we have attributed the atmospheric stability to class A. At the same time,taking into careful account the cut-off emergency shutdown effects,we have segmented all the calculating pipeline releasing rates in a period of time of 30 seconds. Later,we have also defined the instantaneous release mass Q and the continuous release accidence strength q reasonably by working out the releasing rate of the pipeline in different cases. With all the rest basic parameters determined,such as the flow coefficient and the central height of the release puff H in accordance with the relative literature,we have finally determined the potential poisoning radius,the thermal radiation potential impact radius and the jet height-neglected impact radius while a comparison is made between the pipe diameters and hydrogen sulfide content at the different pressures. Thus,it can be seen that this study presents a reasonable way for calculating the acidic natural gas pipeline potential affecting radii in accordance with the potential poisoning radius. Thus,it is certain that the model we have developed for calculating the impact of the potential poisoning radius in ASME B31 which can serve as a reasonable reference for establishing a innovated identification method for the gas pipeline risk-zone consequence area.
引文
[1]YAN Dafan(严大凡),WENG Yongji(翁永基),DONG Shaohua(董绍华).Oil and gas pipeline integrity management and risk assessment(油气长输管道风险评价与完整性管理)[M].Beijing:Science and Engineering Publishing Center of Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[2]The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.B31.8S―2010Managing system integrity of gas pipelines[S].
[3]QIU Kui(邱奎),FAN Zhong(范忠).Precautions against highsulfur natural gas leakage and hazard scope estimation[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development(天然气勘探与开发),2007,30(3):55-58.
[4]LIANG Meifang(梁梅芳).Consequence assessment of leakage of sour gas[J].Oil-Gas field Surface Engineering(油气田地面工程),2011,30(6):71-72.
[5]YU Hongxi(于洪喜),LI Zhenlin(李振林),ZHANG Jian(张建),et al.Numerical simulation of leakage and dispersion of acid gas in gathering pipeline[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition(中国石油大学学报:自然科学版),2008,32(2):119-122.
[6]SY/T 5087—2005 Recommended practice for safe drilling operations involving hydrogen sulfide(含硫化氢油气井安全钻井推荐作法[S].
[7]The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Science Research.Safety study on the transportation of natural gas and LPG by underground pipeline in the Netherlands[R].1982.
[8]LI Youlü(李又绿),YAO Anlin(姚安林),LI Yongjie(李永杰).Study on diffusion model of gas pipeline leaking[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2004,24(8):102-104.
[9]HJ 2.2—2008 Guidelines for environmental impact assessment(环境影响评价技术导则)[S].
[10]The Nether Lands Organization of Applied Scientific Research.CRP 14E Science Research Institute.Methods for the calculation of the physical effects of the escape of dangerous material[S].1989.
[11]ZHANG Wenyan(张文艳),YAO Anlin(姚安林),LI Youlü(李又绿),et al.Study on wind influence of wind on gas diffusion process during gas pipeline leakage emergency[J].Natural gas industry(天然气工业),2006,26(12):150-152.
[12]STEPHENS M J,LEEWIS K,MOORE D K.A model for sizing high consequence areas associated with natural gas pipelines[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Pipeline Conference,Alberta,Canada,October 10-15,2000.Alberta:Gas Research Institute,2000.
[2]The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.B31.8S―2010Managing system integrity of gas pipelines[S].
[3]QIU Kui(邱奎),FAN Zhong(范忠).Precautions against highsulfur natural gas leakage and hazard scope estimation[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development(天然气勘探与开发),2007,30(3):55-58.
[4]LIANG Meifang(梁梅芳).Consequence assessment of leakage of sour gas[J].Oil-Gas field Surface Engineering(油气田地面工程),2011,30(6):71-72.
[5]YU Hongxi(于洪喜),LI Zhenlin(李振林),ZHANG Jian(张建),et al.Numerical simulation of leakage and dispersion of acid gas in gathering pipeline[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition(中国石油大学学报:自然科学版),2008,32(2):119-122.
[6]SY/T 5087—2005 Recommended practice for safe drilling operations involving hydrogen sulfide(含硫化氢油气井安全钻井推荐作法[S].
[7]The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Science Research.Safety study on the transportation of natural gas and LPG by underground pipeline in the Netherlands[R].1982.
[8]LI Youlü(李又绿),YAO Anlin(姚安林),LI Yongjie(李永杰).Study on diffusion model of gas pipeline leaking[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2004,24(8):102-104.
[9]HJ 2.2—2008 Guidelines for environmental impact assessment(环境影响评价技术导则)[S].
[10]The Nether Lands Organization of Applied Scientific Research.CRP 14E Science Research Institute.Methods for the calculation of the physical effects of the escape of dangerous material[S].1989.
[11]ZHANG Wenyan(张文艳),YAO Anlin(姚安林),LI Youlü(李又绿),et al.Study on wind influence of wind on gas diffusion process during gas pipeline leakage emergency[J].Natural gas industry(天然气工业),2006,26(12):150-152.
[12]STEPHENS M J,LEEWIS K,MOORE D K.A model for sizing high consequence areas associated with natural gas pipelines[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Pipeline Conference,Alberta,Canada,October 10-15,2000.Alberta:Gas Research Institute,2000.