核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件的研发
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摘要
目的:研发气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件,为在核辐射突发事件发生后能够快速、准确地计算出气载放射性物质的扩散范围。方法:以高斯模式为计算基础,在考虑重力沉降、地面反射和放射性衰变等因素的条件下,进行大气弥散计算。结果:设计并研发出核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件,以表格、制图和下风向坐标点设置等形式给出计算结果。结论:该软件可有效降低气载放射性物质扩散计算的难度,满足核辐射突发事件应急响应的需要。
Objective: To calculate the diffusion of airborne radioactive material fastly and accuratly when nuclear radiation emergencies occurs. Methods: Gaussian model were used for basis of the calculation, the conditions such as gravitational settling, ground reflection as well as radioactive decay and other factors were considered during the atmospheric dispersion calculation. Results: A software that can be used to calculate airborne radioactive material atmospheric dispersion under nuclear radiation emergencies were designed and developed. With tables, graphics and other forms downwind coordinates given in the results. Conclusion: This software can effectively reduce some difficulty of the calculation for the airborne spread of radioactive material, and can meet the need during nuclear radiation emergency response.
Objective: To calculate the diffusion of airborne radioactive material fastly and accuratly when nuclear radiation emergencies occurs. Methods: Gaussian model were used for basis of the calculation, the conditions such as gravitational settling, ground reflection as well as radioactive decay and other factors were considered during the atmospheric dispersion calculation. Results: A software that can be used to calculate airborne radioactive material atmospheric dispersion under nuclear radiation emergencies were designed and developed. With tables, graphics and other forms downwind coordinates given in the results. Conclusion: This software can effectively reduce some difficulty of the calculation for the airborne spread of radioactive material, and can meet the need during nuclear radiation emergency response.
引文
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[2]迟妍妍,张惠远.大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究综述[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(5):376-381.
[3]余琦,刘原中.分段烟羽模型和烟团模型在核事故应急中的应用比较[J].核科学与工程,2001,21(3):288-292.
[4]王孔森.基于高斯模型对氯气泄漏浓度分布的快速估算方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(9):33-37.
[5]魏东,董法军,董希琳.核事故中放射性核素扩散浓度的理论预测[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(3):107-113.
[6]D.H.斯莱德.气象学与原子能[M].张永兴,译.北京:原子能出版社,1979.
[7]蔡旭辉,陈家宜,康凌.核事故条件下的大气扩散模式及应用[J].辐射防护,2003,23(5):293-299.
[8]赵力.核突发事件内照射剂量快速评估研究[D].上海:复旦大学放射医学研究所,2011.
[9]姬文超,李华.大亚湾核电站正常运行工况下气载放射性流出物浓度计算[J].辐射防护,2007,27(6):336-343.
[10]宋妙发,强亦忠.核环境学基础[M].北京:原子能出版社,1999.
[11]国家标准.GB/T 17982-2000核事故应急情况下公众受照剂量估算的模式和参数[S].国家质量技术监督局,2000-01-13.
[12]刘玉娟,陈应祖,卢克功.龙贝格积分法及其应用编程[J].重庆科技学院学报,2007,9(1):97-99.
[13]谷清,李云生.大气环境模式计算方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2002.
[14]Steven G.Homann.HOTSPOT-health physics codes version 2.07.1 user's Guide[M].Livermore:National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,CA94550,2010.
[15]IAEA safety series 86.Techniques and Decision Making in the Assessment of Offsite Consequences of an Accident in a Nuclear Facility[M].Vienna:International atomic energy agency,1987.