镉和铅在茶园土壤—茶树系统中分布及迁移特征
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摘要
以福建泉州大坪乡、三明坂面乡和福州福建农林大学茶园为研究对象,使用ICP-MS测定茶园土壤及对应茶树的根、老枝、嫩枝、老叶和嫩叶样品中镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)含量,并对Cd和Pb在茶园土壤—茶树系统中的分布情况以及迁移富集特征进行分析.结果表明:大坪乡、坂面乡和农林大学茶园土壤的Cd和Pb的平均含量分别介于0.022～0.076 mg·kg~(-1)和20.73～65.73 mg·kg~(-1),均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)限定值.3个茶园茶叶中Cd和Pb含量分别介于0.003～0.054 mg·kg~(-1)和0.01～4.28 mg·kg~(-1),均低于国家标准限值,表明研究区茶园无Cd和Pb污染.整体而言,Cd和Pb不易向茶树地上部迁移,各茶园Cd和Pb在茶树中的转移系数表现为从上而下递减的趋势,嫩叶的转移系数最小,分别为0.01～0.05和0.01～0.06.此外,各茶园茶树对Cd和Pb的富集能力基本表现为叶<枝<根,嫩叶富集能力最弱,分别为0.098～1.006和0.009～0.048,且各茶园茶树对Cd的富集能力明显大于Pb.本研究结果可为茶园选址及茶园重金属污染防治提供理论依据.
To elucidate heavy metal migration patterns from soil to tea tree, soil and tea tree were sampled from tea gardens in Daping(DP) in Quanzhou, Banmian(BM) in Sanming and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The contents of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) in rhizosphere soil and different parts of tea tree(i.e., root, branch, shoot, old leaf and tender leaf) were measured by ICP-MS. The results indicated that average soil Cd and Pb contents for 3 tea gardens ranged between 0.022-0.076 mg·kg~(-1) and 20.73-65.73 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, meeting the requirement of "Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land"(GB 15618—2018). Leaf Cd and Pb contents also were under the limits, averaging at 0.003-0.054 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.01-4.28 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, indicating that 3 tea gardens from the study areas were not contaminated by Cd and Pb. The transfer factors of Cd and Pb decreased from lower parts to higher parts, with the lowest transfer factor being 0.01-0.05 and 0.01-0.06 for tender leaf, which was confirmed that Cd and Pb were relatively immobile from underground to aboveground parts. Enrichment ability of Cd and Pb in a descending order was followed by root, branch, and leaf, with the lowest accumulation factors being 0.098-1.006 and 0.009-0.048 for tender leaf. The enrichment ability of Cd was significantly higher than that of Pb for all the study gardens.
To elucidate heavy metal migration patterns from soil to tea tree, soil and tea tree were sampled from tea gardens in Daping(DP) in Quanzhou, Banmian(BM) in Sanming and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The contents of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) in rhizosphere soil and different parts of tea tree(i.e., root, branch, shoot, old leaf and tender leaf) were measured by ICP-MS. The results indicated that average soil Cd and Pb contents for 3 tea gardens ranged between 0.022-0.076 mg·kg~(-1) and 20.73-65.73 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, meeting the requirement of "Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land"(GB 15618—2018). Leaf Cd and Pb contents also were under the limits, averaging at 0.003-0.054 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.01-4.28 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, indicating that 3 tea gardens from the study areas were not contaminated by Cd and Pb. The transfer factors of Cd and Pb decreased from lower parts to higher parts, with the lowest transfer factor being 0.01-0.05 and 0.01-0.06 for tender leaf, which was confirmed that Cd and Pb were relatively immobile from underground to aboveground parts. Enrichment ability of Cd and Pb in a descending order was followed by root, branch, and leaf, with the lowest accumulation factors being 0.098-1.006 and 0.009-0.048 for tender leaf. The enrichment ability of Cd was significantly higher than that of Pb for all the study gardens.
引文
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[20] 周玉婵,李明顺.广西两茶园土壤—茶叶—茶汤系统重金属污染及其转移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2 151-2 157.
[21] 杨居荣,车宇瑚,刘坚.重金属在土壤—植物系统的迁移、累积特征及其与土壤环境条件的关系[J].生态学报,1985,5(4):306-314.
[22] 戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[23] 麻万诸,章明奎.浙江省典型茶园生态系统中重金属流及其平衡分析[J].茶叶科学,2011,31(4):362-370.
[24] 石元值,马立峰,韩文炎,等.铅在茶树中的吸收累积特性[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1 272-1 278.
[25] 石元值,阮建云,马立峰,等.茶树中镉、砷元素的吸收累积特性[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(3):70-75.
[26] 王春梅,唐茜,张小琴,等.高浓度镉胁迫对茶树生理及吸收积累特性的影响[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(2):107-114.
[27] 林龙勇,阎秀兰,廖晓勇,等.三七对土壤中镉、铬、铜、铅的累积特征及健康风险评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2 868-2 875.
[28] 张清海,龙章波,林绍霞,等.贵州名优茶产区土壤—茶叶中重金属污染及迁移[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(61):85-88.
[29] 许中坚,吴灿辉,邱喜阳,等.铅—锌—镉复合污染物在土壤—芥菜/油菜系统中的迁移及交互作用[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):1-6.
[30] 赵中秋,朱永官,蔡运龙.镉在土壤—植物系统中的迁移转化及其影响因素[J].生态环境,2005,14(2):282-286.
[31] KIM H T,KIM J G.Seasonal variations of metal (Cd,Pb,Mn,Cu,Zn) accumulation in a voluntary species,Salix subfragilis,in unpolluted wetlands[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2018,610/611:1 210-1 221.
[32] RASHID M H,FARDOUS Z,CHOWDHURY M A,et al.Determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves:an evaluation of six digestion methods[J].Chemistry Central Journal,2016,10(1):7.
[33] 许燕,曾艳,郭湘,等.重金属复合污染对茶叶重金属、主要生化成分含量及冲泡茶汤浸出率的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(1):369-374.
[2] 环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[N].中国国土资源报,2014-04-18(2).
[3] 林跃胜,方凤满,魏晓飞.皖南茶园土壤重金属化学形态及其生物有效性[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):59-63.
[4] 叶宏萌,李国平,郑茂钟,等.武夷山茶园土壤中五种重金属的化学形态和生物有效性[J].环境化学,2016,35(10):2 071-2 078.
[5] 赵璇,李新生,赵佐平,等.陕南茶区土壤重金属含量评价分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):287-290.
[6] BRZEZICHA-CIROCKA J,GREMBECKA M,SZEFER P.Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(3):183.
[7] 王秋霜,陈栋,操君喜,等.国内外红茶重金属及稀土元素的安全性评价[J].食品科学技术学报,2017,35(1):87-94.
[8] 石元值,韩文炎,马立峰,等.龙井茶中重金属元素Pb含量的影响因子探究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(5):899-903.
[9] 兰海霞,夏建国.川西蒙山茶树中铅、镉元素的吸收累积特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):1 077-1 083.
[10] LU Y,YANG H,MA L,et al.Application of Pb isotopic tracing technique to constraining the source of Pb in the West Lake Longjing tea[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2011,30(4):554-562.
[11] 李云,张进忠,童华荣.茶苗对重金属Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr的吸收累积规律[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):454-459.
[12] 向素雯,刘素纯.茶叶中重金属铅、镉的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(15):386-389.
[13] 刘声传,罗显扬,赵志清,等.茶树对铅、镉、铜的吸收累积特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(5):1 805-1 812.
[14] 周娜,白艳艳,王文伟,等.福建省不同品种茶叶中重金属元素含量的调查分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(13):1 948-1 950.
[15] 陈增文.福建土壤重金属地积累污染特征及潜在生态危害评价[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2016,11(4):37-45.
[16] 生态环境部.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618—2018[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2018.
[17] 中华人民共和国农业部.茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量:NY 659—2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[19] 陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1992,13(4):70-75,95.
[20] 周玉婵,李明顺.广西两茶园土壤—茶叶—茶汤系统重金属污染及其转移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2 151-2 157.
[21] 杨居荣,车宇瑚,刘坚.重金属在土壤—植物系统的迁移、累积特征及其与土壤环境条件的关系[J].生态学报,1985,5(4):306-314.
[22] 戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[23] 麻万诸,章明奎.浙江省典型茶园生态系统中重金属流及其平衡分析[J].茶叶科学,2011,31(4):362-370.
[24] 石元值,马立峰,韩文炎,等.铅在茶树中的吸收累积特性[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1 272-1 278.
[25] 石元值,阮建云,马立峰,等.茶树中镉、砷元素的吸收累积特性[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(3):70-75.
[26] 王春梅,唐茜,张小琴,等.高浓度镉胁迫对茶树生理及吸收积累特性的影响[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(2):107-114.
[27] 林龙勇,阎秀兰,廖晓勇,等.三七对土壤中镉、铬、铜、铅的累积特征及健康风险评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2 868-2 875.
[28] 张清海,龙章波,林绍霞,等.贵州名优茶产区土壤—茶叶中重金属污染及迁移[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(61):85-88.
[29] 许中坚,吴灿辉,邱喜阳,等.铅—锌—镉复合污染物在土壤—芥菜/油菜系统中的迁移及交互作用[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):1-6.
[30] 赵中秋,朱永官,蔡运龙.镉在土壤—植物系统中的迁移转化及其影响因素[J].生态环境,2005,14(2):282-286.
[31] KIM H T,KIM J G.Seasonal variations of metal (Cd,Pb,Mn,Cu,Zn) accumulation in a voluntary species,Salix subfragilis,in unpolluted wetlands[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2018,610/611:1 210-1 221.
[32] RASHID M H,FARDOUS Z,CHOWDHURY M A,et al.Determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves:an evaluation of six digestion methods[J].Chemistry Central Journal,2016,10(1):7.
[33] 许燕,曾艳,郭湘,等.重金属复合污染对茶叶重金属、主要生化成分含量及冲泡茶汤浸出率的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(1):369-374.