基于ABM的矿井火灾应急疏散数值模拟
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摘要
通过分析前人对于矿井应急疏散的研究成果,结合ABM相关理论和方法,建立了矿井火灾人员疏散ABM模型,并选取Agent逃生速度作为主要参数,分析年龄、负重情况、巷道坡度和火灾烟气条件下的消光系数对逃生速度的影响。基于非煤矿山试验巷道,建立了火灾区域三维数学物理模型以及矿井火灾人员疏散物理模型。划分了火灾区域、避难硐室区域和坡道区域,设置了出口、可通行门、不可通行门等边界条件,使其更符合疏散时的实际情况。利用Pyrosim软件求解矿井火灾区域烟气分布,得出了烟气在火灾区域巷道的扩散情况,火灾区域视线平面消光系数K的分布(Z=1.6 m)及取值范围,并通过比例为1∶10的相似实验验证。利用Pathfinder软件分别求解了正常条件下疏散、火灾烟气条件下疏散以及火灾烟气条件下避险3种状况下的疏散情况,3种状况下的疏散时间分别为146,163,91 s。同时得出了Agent逃生速度的时空分布,以及Agent数量随时间变化规律。通过对比分析,得出火灾烟气对整体疏散时间的影响情况,从而为相关应急预案的制定、自救装备的选型、避险设施的布置以及被困人员位置的预测提供参考。
By analyzing the research results of mine emergency evacuation,combined with Agent Based Model( ABM)theory and method,the ABM model of personnel evacuation during mine fire is established.The escape speed of agent is chosen as a main parameter.The influence of age,load condition,roadway slope,fire smoke condition and extinction coefficient on escape speed are analyzed.Based on the non-coal mine test roadway,the 3D mathematical and physical model of fire area and mine fire evacuation are established. By dividing fire area,refuge chamber area and ramp area and setting boundary conditions like exit,passable door and impassable door,the mathematical and physical models become more in line with the actual situation.By using Pyrosim software to solve the soot distribution in the mine fire area,the diffusion of smoke in the fire region and the distribution of the extinction coefficient K( Z = 1.6 m) as well as its range are calculated,which are validated by a similarity experiment with 1 ∶ 10 scale.Pathfinder software is used to solve the evacuation situation under the condition of normal,evacuation during fire and refuge during fire.The evacua-tion time of the three conditions are 146,163 and 91 s respectively.At the same time,the temporal and spatial distribution of Agent escape rate and the law of agent quantity variation with time are obtained.Through a comparative analysis,the influence of soot on the general evacuation time is obtained,which could provide a reference for the formulation of relevant emergency plans,the selection of the self-escape equipment,the layout of the refuge facilities and the forecast of the trapped personnel.
By analyzing the research results of mine emergency evacuation,combined with Agent Based Model( ABM)theory and method,the ABM model of personnel evacuation during mine fire is established.The escape speed of agent is chosen as a main parameter.The influence of age,load condition,roadway slope,fire smoke condition and extinction coefficient on escape speed are analyzed.Based on the non-coal mine test roadway,the 3D mathematical and physical model of fire area and mine fire evacuation are established. By dividing fire area,refuge chamber area and ramp area and setting boundary conditions like exit,passable door and impassable door,the mathematical and physical models become more in line with the actual situation.By using Pyrosim software to solve the soot distribution in the mine fire area,the diffusion of smoke in the fire region and the distribution of the extinction coefficient K( Z = 1.6 m) as well as its range are calculated,which are validated by a similarity experiment with 1 ∶ 10 scale.Pathfinder software is used to solve the evacuation situation under the condition of normal,evacuation during fire and refuge during fire.The evacua-tion time of the three conditions are 146,163 and 91 s respectively.At the same time,the temporal and spatial distribution of Agent escape rate and the law of agent quantity variation with time are obtained.Through a comparative analysis,the influence of soot on the general evacuation time is obtained,which could provide a reference for the formulation of relevant emergency plans,the selection of the self-escape equipment,the layout of the refuge facilities and the forecast of the trapped personnel.
引文
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[3]王凯,蒋曙光,张卫青,等.矿井火灾应急救援系统的数值模拟及应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(5):857-862.WANG Kai,JIANG Shuguang,ZHANG Weiqing,et al.Numerical simulation and application research of mine fire emergency rescue system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):857-862.
[4]李翠平,曹志国,钟媛.矿井火灾的场量模型构建及其可视化仿真[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):902-908.LI Cuiping,CAO Zhiguo,ZHONG Yuan.Field variables modeling and visualization simulation of fire disaster in underground mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):902-908.
[5]周福宝,王德明.矿井火灾烟流滚退距离的数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):499-503.ZHOU Fubao,WANG Deming.Numerieal analysis of backflow distance of smoke in mine fire[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):499-503.
[6]MACAL C M,NORTH M J.Tutorial on agent-based modeling and simulation part 2:how to model with agents[A].Simulation Conference,2005 Proceedings of the Winter[C].IEEE,2006:14.
[7]DEVITA Paul,FELLIN R E,SEAY Josephf,et al.The relationships between age and running biomechanics[J].Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,2016,48(1):117-125.
[8]FRANTZICH H,NILSSON D.Utrymning genom tt r9k:Beteende och f9rflyttning Report 3126[R].Department of Fire Safety Engineering,Lund University,Sweden,2003:75.
[9]贾庆轩,陈钢,孙汉旭,等.基于A*算法的空间机械臂避障路径规划[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(13):109-115.JIA Qingxuan,CHEN Gang,SUN Hanxu,et al.Path planning for space manipulator to avoid obstacle based on A*algorithm[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(13):109-115.
[10]王云海,马海涛,翟盛锐.非煤矿山基地科研实验巷道功能设计与实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(S):141-146.WANG Yunhai,MA Haitao,ZHAI Shengrui.Function designing and experimental researching of the scientific researching roadway in noncoal base[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(S):141-146.
[11]RAJENDRAM A,KHAN F,GARANIYA V.Modelling of fire risks in an offshore facility[J].Fire Safety Journal,2015,71:79-85.
[12]FU R W,XU Z S.Research on the effects of charring on the polymer combustion process[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,135:335-341.
[13]WONG L T.Scale modelling studies of smoke filling[J].International Journal of Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes,2001,3(3):118-127.
[14]杜长宝,朱国庆,李俊毅.疏散模拟软件STEPS与Pathfinder对比研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015(4):456-460.DU Changbao,ZHU Guoqing,LI Junyi.Comparison of evacuation simulation software:STEPS and Pathfinder[J].Fire Science and Technology,2015(4):456-460.
[15]THORNTON C,O’KONSKI R,KLEIN B,et al.New wayfinding techniques in pathfinder and supporting research[J].Pedestrian&Evacuation Dynamics,2014:1315-1322.