微肥配施小分子有机物对烤烟生长及品质的影响
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摘要
为了提高烤烟对微肥的利用率及改善烟叶品质,以云烟87为材料,通过大田喷施试验(CK:喷施清水;T1:喷施微肥;T2:喷施微肥+山梨醇;T3:喷施微肥+葡萄糖酸钠;T4:喷施微肥+甘氨酸)不同处理研究了微肥配施不同小分子有机物对烤烟生长及品质的影响。结果显示:与对照及单独喷施微肥相比,微肥配施小分子有机物处理下烟株在不同生育期的株高、茎围、最大叶面积和干物质积累量均有不同程度提高;微肥配施小分子有机物能有效提高烟叶叶绿素含量,同时叶片的光合作用指标Pn、Gs、和Tr均显著高于对照处理,而Ci则显著较低(P<0.05);有效提高了烤后烟叶叶长、叶宽、单叶重、拉力和填充值等物理特性指标,烟叶含梗率有所降低;提高了烟叶还原糖、总糖、钾、糖碱比和钾氯比等常规化学成分指标,而烟碱、总氮和氯含量有不同程度降低,同时Ca、Mg、B、Mo、Fe、Mn和Zn含量均有不同程度提高;美拉德反应产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物、茄酮及新植二烯等中性致香物质含量均表现较高,感官评吸质量亦有较大提升。研究结果表明,微肥配施小分子有机物能有效改善烤烟叶片光合特性,促进烟株生长发育,同时改善烤后烟叶品质,在本试验中以微肥配施甘氨酸处理对烤烟生长及品质提高效果最佳。
In order to improve the utilization rate of micro-fertilizer by flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,using cultivar Yunyan 87 as the material in the field spray test,different treatments(CK :spraying water;T1 :spraying micro-fertilizer;T2 :spraying micro-fertilizer + sorbitol;T3 :spraying micro-fertilizer + sodium gluconate;T4 :spraying micro-fertilizer + glycine)were carried out to study the effects of micro-fertilizer combined with different small-molecule organic matter on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants under different growth stages increased at different degrees in combination of micro-fertilizer and small-molecule organic matter while compared with the control and sole spraying micro-fertilizer. Fertilization with small-molecule organic matter effectively increased the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves,and the photosynthesis indexes Pn,Gs,and Tr of leaves were significantly higher than that of the control,while Ci was significantly lower(P < 0.05). Physical characteristics such as leaf width,single leaf weight,tensile force and filling value increased,while the tobacco stem stalk rate reduced. The chemical constituents such as reducing sugar,total sugar,potassium,sugar-to-alcohol ratio and potassium-chloride ratio of tobacco leaves rose at varied degree,while the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen and chlorine decreased,and the contents of Ca,Mg,B,Mo,Fe,Mn and Zn all increased at varying degrees. Maillard reaction products,carotenoid degradation products,solanone and content of neutral aroma components such as phytoene were high,and the quality of sensory evaluation was also greatly improved.The above results revealed that micro-fertilizer combined with small molecular organic matter may effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,promote the growth and development of tobacco plants,and improve the quality flue-cured tobacco leaves. In this experiment,the effect of glycine treatment combined with micro-fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco was the best.
In order to improve the utilization rate of micro-fertilizer by flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,using cultivar Yunyan 87 as the material in the field spray test,different treatments(CK :spraying water;T1 :spraying micro-fertilizer;T2 :spraying micro-fertilizer + sorbitol;T3 :spraying micro-fertilizer + sodium gluconate;T4 :spraying micro-fertilizer + glycine)were carried out to study the effects of micro-fertilizer combined with different small-molecule organic matter on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants under different growth stages increased at different degrees in combination of micro-fertilizer and small-molecule organic matter while compared with the control and sole spraying micro-fertilizer. Fertilization with small-molecule organic matter effectively increased the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves,and the photosynthesis indexes Pn,Gs,and Tr of leaves were significantly higher than that of the control,while Ci was significantly lower(P < 0.05). Physical characteristics such as leaf width,single leaf weight,tensile force and filling value increased,while the tobacco stem stalk rate reduced. The chemical constituents such as reducing sugar,total sugar,potassium,sugar-to-alcohol ratio and potassium-chloride ratio of tobacco leaves rose at varied degree,while the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen and chlorine decreased,and the contents of Ca,Mg,B,Mo,Fe,Mn and Zn all increased at varying degrees. Maillard reaction products,carotenoid degradation products,solanone and content of neutral aroma components such as phytoene were high,and the quality of sensory evaluation was also greatly improved.The above results revealed that micro-fertilizer combined with small molecular organic matter may effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,promote the growth and development of tobacco plants,and improve the quality flue-cured tobacco leaves. In this experiment,the effect of glycine treatment combined with micro-fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco was the best.
引文
[1]He ZL, Yang XE, Stoffella PJ. Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment[J]. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2005, 19(2):125-140.
[2]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[3]于建军,叶贤文,董高峰,等.土壤与烤烟中微量元素含量的相关性[J].生态学杂志, 2010, 29(6):1127-1134.
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[5]张勇强,宋航,薛志伟,等.施用锌肥和硼肥对玉米穗粒性状和品质的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(2):371-378.
[6]孟肖依,艾应伟,李瑞瑞,等.有机络合微肥对烤烟品质和效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):108-113.
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[8]沈欣,袁亮,李燕婷,等.小分子有机物质螯合钙肥的应用效果[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(3):87-92.
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[11]任志广,杨立均,龚治翔,等.不同小分子有机物对烤烟生理特性、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017(7):1225-1233.
[12]Khan AS, Ahmad B, et al. Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed(Ascophylum nodosum)extract improve growth and physicochemical properties of grapes[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2012, 14(3):383-388.
[13]Abdel-Mawgoud AMR, El-Bassiouny AM, Ghoname A, et al.Foliar Application of amino acids and micronutrients enhance performance of green bean crop under newly reclaimed land conditions[J]. Australian Journal of Basic&Applied Sciences,2011, 5(6):51-55.
[14]张木,胡承孝,孙学成,等.叶面喷施微量元素和氨基酸对小白菜产量及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报, 2011, 30(5):613-617.
[15]刘德辉,田蕾,等.氨基酸螯合微量元素肥料在小麦和后作水稻上的效果[J].土壤通报, 2005, 36(6):917-920.
[16]YC/T 142-2010.烟草农艺性状调查测量方法[S].北京:国家烟草专卖总局, 2010.
[17]鲁黎明.烟草科学研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2013.
[18]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[20]Boriboonkaset T, Chaum S, et al. Effect of exogenous sugar classes and concentrations on salt-tolerant ability of Indica Rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Acta Hort, 2007(764):155-164.
[21]Rolland F, Baenagonzalez E, Sheen J. Sugar sensing and signaling in plants:conserved and novel mechanisms[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2006, 57(1):675-709.
[22]王莹,史振声,王志斌,等.植物对氨基酸的吸收利用及氨基酸在农业中的应用[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2008(1):6-11.
[23]Tegeder M. Transporters for amino acids in plant cells:some functions and many unknowns[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2012, 15(3):315-321.
[24]Bartwal A, Mall R, Lohani P, et al. Role of secondary metabolites and brassinosteroids in plant defense against environmental stresses[J]. J Plant Growth Regul, 2013, 32(1):216-232.
[25]陈彪,李继伟,王小东,等.外源硒对干旱胁迫下烤烟生长和生理特性的影响[J].植物生理学报, 2018(1):165-172.
[26]Assche F, Clijsters H. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J]. Plant Cell&Environment, 2010, 13(3):195-206.
[27]鲁黎明,尹园,等.凉攀烟区烤烟微量元素含量与常规化学成分相关性分析[J].河南农业大学学报, 2012, 46(3):252-257.
[28]刘国顺,王佩,段史江,等.增施微量元素肥或生物肥对烤烟化学品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2009, 43(3):241-246.
[29]聂新柏,靳志丽.烤烟中微量元素对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 2003, 24(4):30-34.
[30]史宏志.烟草香味学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1998.
[31]齐永杰,徐茂华,潘武宁,等.硼锌钼肥及其配施对烤烟上部叶香气物质含量的影响[J].天津农业科学, 2015, 21(6):116-119.
[32]徐雪芹,许霭飞,王维刚,等.微量元素对烤烟香气品质的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2012, 39(3):30-31.
[2]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[3]于建军,叶贤文,董高峰,等.土壤与烤烟中微量元素含量的相关性[J].生态学杂志, 2010, 29(6):1127-1134.
[4]王影影,梁洪波,王勇,等.山东植烟土壤与烤烟微量元素分布特点及相关分析[J].中国烟草科学, 2014(2):64-68.
[5]张勇强,宋航,薛志伟,等.施用锌肥和硼肥对玉米穗粒性状和品质的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(2):371-378.
[6]孟肖依,艾应伟,李瑞瑞,等.有机络合微肥对烤烟品质和效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):108-113.
[7]Neumann PM. Plant growth and leaf-applied chemicals[M]. Plant growth and leaf-applied chemicals. Boca Raton:CRC Press, 1988.
[8]沈欣,袁亮,李燕婷,等.小分子有机物质螯合钙肥的应用效果[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(3):87-92.
[9]Chamel A, Gambonnet B, et al. Foliar absorption of 14C paclobutrazol:study of cuticular sorption and penetration using isolated cuticles[J]. Plant Physiology&Biochemistry, 1991, 29:395-401.
[10]于会丽,林治安,李燕婷,等.喷施小分子有机物对小油菜生长发育和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(6):1560-1568.
[11]任志广,杨立均,龚治翔,等.不同小分子有机物对烤烟生理特性、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017(7):1225-1233.
[12]Khan AS, Ahmad B, et al. Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed(Ascophylum nodosum)extract improve growth and physicochemical properties of grapes[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2012, 14(3):383-388.
[13]Abdel-Mawgoud AMR, El-Bassiouny AM, Ghoname A, et al.Foliar Application of amino acids and micronutrients enhance performance of green bean crop under newly reclaimed land conditions[J]. Australian Journal of Basic&Applied Sciences,2011, 5(6):51-55.
[14]张木,胡承孝,孙学成,等.叶面喷施微量元素和氨基酸对小白菜产量及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报, 2011, 30(5):613-617.
[15]刘德辉,田蕾,等.氨基酸螯合微量元素肥料在小麦和后作水稻上的效果[J].土壤通报, 2005, 36(6):917-920.
[16]YC/T 142-2010.烟草农艺性状调查测量方法[S].北京:国家烟草专卖总局, 2010.
[17]鲁黎明.烟草科学研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2013.
[18]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[20]Boriboonkaset T, Chaum S, et al. Effect of exogenous sugar classes and concentrations on salt-tolerant ability of Indica Rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Acta Hort, 2007(764):155-164.
[21]Rolland F, Baenagonzalez E, Sheen J. Sugar sensing and signaling in plants:conserved and novel mechanisms[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2006, 57(1):675-709.
[22]王莹,史振声,王志斌,等.植物对氨基酸的吸收利用及氨基酸在农业中的应用[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2008(1):6-11.
[23]Tegeder M. Transporters for amino acids in plant cells:some functions and many unknowns[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2012, 15(3):315-321.
[24]Bartwal A, Mall R, Lohani P, et al. Role of secondary metabolites and brassinosteroids in plant defense against environmental stresses[J]. J Plant Growth Regul, 2013, 32(1):216-232.
[25]陈彪,李继伟,王小东,等.外源硒对干旱胁迫下烤烟生长和生理特性的影响[J].植物生理学报, 2018(1):165-172.
[26]Assche F, Clijsters H. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J]. Plant Cell&Environment, 2010, 13(3):195-206.
[27]鲁黎明,尹园,等.凉攀烟区烤烟微量元素含量与常规化学成分相关性分析[J].河南农业大学学报, 2012, 46(3):252-257.
[28]刘国顺,王佩,段史江,等.增施微量元素肥或生物肥对烤烟化学品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2009, 43(3):241-246.
[29]聂新柏,靳志丽.烤烟中微量元素对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 2003, 24(4):30-34.
[30]史宏志.烟草香味学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1998.
[31]齐永杰,徐茂华,潘武宁,等.硼锌钼肥及其配施对烤烟上部叶香气物质含量的影响[J].天津农业科学, 2015, 21(6):116-119.
[32]徐雪芹,许霭飞,王维刚,等.微量元素对烤烟香气品质的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2012, 39(3):30-31.