生物炭配施有机菌肥对豫中烤烟生长与产量及品质的影响
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摘要
在施用等量烟草专用肥(m(N)∶m(P_2O_5)∶m(K_2O)=10∶10∶20)750 kg·hm~(-2)的基础上,设置CK(不施有机物料)、T1(增施生物炭1 500 kg·hm~(-2))、T2(增施有机菌肥1 500 kg·hm~(-2))、T3(增施60%有机菌肥+40%生物炭)、T4(增施50%有机菌肥+50%生物炭)、T5(增施40%有机菌肥+60%生物炭)6个处理,研究了生物炭配施有机菌肥对烤烟生长与品质的影响。结果表明,T3处理改善了整个生育期烟株的农艺性状;T2处理在30 d时显著提高了硝酸还原酶活性(10.85 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)),60 d(9.40 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1))和90 d(3.36 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1))和转化酶活性;T3处理在30 d时显著提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(22.38 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1))。T1处理提高了上部叶的总糖(215.4 g·kg~(-1))以及还原糖含量(200.3 g·kg~(-1));T3处理提高了中下部叶总糖(172.6,155.5 g·kg~(-1))、还原糖含量(149.0,131.0 g·kg~(-1))和钾含量(10.0,12.4 g·kg~(-1))。与对照相比,T2和T3处理烤后烟致香物质总量最高,分别达到874.80和818.26μg·g~(-1),并提高了烟叶的产值和产量及中上等烟的比例。综上所述,施用有机菌肥(T2)及60%有机菌肥配施40%生物炭(T3)有利于提高烤烟生长、品质及经济效益。
A field experiment was carried out to explore the effect of compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer(COBBF) or/and biochar on flue-cured tobacco growth and quality in central Henan Province. Six treatments were set as:(1) no organic fertilizer(CK, Farmers' fertilization practice),(2) additionally apply biochar 1 500 kg·hm~(-2)(T1),(3) additionally apply COBBF 1 500 kg·hm~(-2)(T2),(4) additionally apply 60% COBBF combined with 40% biochar(T3),(5) additionally apply 50% COBBF combined with 50% biochar(T4),(6) additionally apply 40% COBBF combined with 60% biochar(T5). The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco were significantly improved under T3 treatment. The nitrate reductase activity after tobacco transplanted 30 d(10.85 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)), and the invertase activity after tobacco transplanted 60 d(9.40 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)) and 90 d(3.36 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)) were significantly promoted under T2 treatment. The glutamine synthetase activity was improved under T3 treatment after tobacco transplanted 30 d(22.38 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)). The total sugar and reduced sugar of upper leaves were enhanced to 215.4 g·kg~(-1) and 200.3 g·kg~(-1) under T1 treatment, respectively. The total sugar(172.6, 155.5 g·kg~(-1)), reduced sugar(149.0, 131.0 g·kg~(-1)) and K content(10.0, 12.4 g·kg~(-1)) of flue-cured tobacco in C3 F and B2 F were increased under T3 treatment. Compared with CK, T2 and T3 treatment can improve the highest total amount of aroma components to 874.80 μg·g~(-1) and 818.26 μg·g~(-1) respectively, which also improved the tobacco yield and output value and the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco. In conclusion, the COBBF only and 60% COBBF+40% biochar application can significantly improve the quality and economic characteristics of flued-cured tobacco in central Henan Province tobacco-planting area.
A field experiment was carried out to explore the effect of compound-organic-bio-bacteria-fertilizer(COBBF) or/and biochar on flue-cured tobacco growth and quality in central Henan Province. Six treatments were set as:(1) no organic fertilizer(CK, Farmers' fertilization practice),(2) additionally apply biochar 1 500 kg·hm~(-2)(T1),(3) additionally apply COBBF 1 500 kg·hm~(-2)(T2),(4) additionally apply 60% COBBF combined with 40% biochar(T3),(5) additionally apply 50% COBBF combined with 50% biochar(T4),(6) additionally apply 40% COBBF combined with 60% biochar(T5). The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco were significantly improved under T3 treatment. The nitrate reductase activity after tobacco transplanted 30 d(10.85 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1)), and the invertase activity after tobacco transplanted 60 d(9.40 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)) and 90 d(3.36 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)) were significantly promoted under T2 treatment. The glutamine synthetase activity was improved under T3 treatment after tobacco transplanted 30 d(22.38 mg·g~(-1)·min~(-1)). The total sugar and reduced sugar of upper leaves were enhanced to 215.4 g·kg~(-1) and 200.3 g·kg~(-1) under T1 treatment, respectively. The total sugar(172.6, 155.5 g·kg~(-1)), reduced sugar(149.0, 131.0 g·kg~(-1)) and K content(10.0, 12.4 g·kg~(-1)) of flue-cured tobacco in C3 F and B2 F were increased under T3 treatment. Compared with CK, T2 and T3 treatment can improve the highest total amount of aroma components to 874.80 μg·g~(-1) and 818.26 μg·g~(-1) respectively, which also improved the tobacco yield and output value and the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco. In conclusion, the COBBF only and 60% COBBF+40% biochar application can significantly improve the quality and economic characteristics of flued-cured tobacco in central Henan Province tobacco-planting area.
引文
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[29] 黄刘亚,孙永波,刘书武,等.生物炭对植烟土壤主要性状和烤烟产质量影响的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2017(4):15-20.
[30] 邢光辉,典瑞丽,陈光辉,等.施用生物炭对烤烟根系生长和经济性状的影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(5):549-554.
[2] ANTAL M J,GRONLI M.The art,science and technology of charcoal production[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2003,42(8):1619-1640.
[3] 李江舟,娄翼来,张立猛,等.不同生物炭添加量下植烟土壤养分的淋失[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1075-1080.
[4] OGUNTUNDE P G,ABIODUN B J,AJAYI A E,et al.Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2008,171(4):591-596.
[5] MAJOR J RONDON M,MOLINA D,et al.Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol[J].Plant and Soil,2010,333(1/2):117-128.
[6] 陈冲,王小东,郭传滨,等.微生物菌剂不同用量对烤烟生长和叶片关键酶活性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(9):73-76.
[7] 张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):16-21.
[8] 田俊岭,贺广生,王军,等.生物菌肥对盆栽烟草品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(7):11-17.
[9] 刘卉,周清明,黎娟,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对烤烟生长及烟叶主要化学成分的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(5):159-166.
[10] 化党领,杨秋云,王镇,等 .施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):62-66.
[11] 吴风光,王豹祥,汪健,等.抗生菌肥对植烟土壤和烤烟生产的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(1):53-58.
[12] 刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:30-59.
[13] 邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:26-108.
[14] 何仲佩.农作物化学控制实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社:1998:60-65.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-285.
[16] 王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[17] 刘世亮,杜君,化党领,等.不同有机酸对烤烟品质和产值的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):851-858.
[18] 刘领,王艳芳,宋久洋,等.生物炭与氮肥减量配施对烤烟生长及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):62-66.
[19] 刘新源,刘国顺,刘宏恩,等.生物炭施用量对烟叶生长、产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(2):58-62.
[20] 施河丽,谭军,秦兴成,等.不同生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):74-78.
[21] 赵殿峰.不同生物炭施用量对烤烟土壤理化性状及烤烟生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[22] 张弘,刘世亮,朱金峰,等.相同碳氮比有机物料对烤烟生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(5):110-118.
[23] 刘霞.绿肥和菌肥对玉米茬土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[24] 刘国顺,彭智良,黄元炯,等.N、P互作对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(5):33-37.
[25] 郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):6-12.
[26] 赵殿峰,徐静,罗璇,等.生物炭对土壤养分、烤烟生长以及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):85-92.
[27] 赵铭钦.烟草调香学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:76-85.
[28] 肖战杰,肖佳冰,李莉,等.不同生物炭施用量对烤烟中性致香成分与评吸质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(12):69-73.
[29] 黄刘亚,孙永波,刘书武,等.生物炭对植烟土壤主要性状和烤烟产质量影响的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2017(4):15-20.
[30] 邢光辉,典瑞丽,陈光辉,等.施用生物炭对烤烟根系生长和经济性状的影响[J].作物研究,2016,30(5):549-554.