不同灌水条件下施氮量对滴灌夏棉冠层指标的影响
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摘要
【目的】揭示施氮量对滴灌夏棉冠层指标的调控作用。【方法】设置3个灌水水平(滴灌,灌水定额30、22.5、15mm,分别记为I1、I2、I3)和5个氮素水平(0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm~2,分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4),研究了不同灌水条件下施氮量对株高、叶面积指数、叶片含氮量和比叶重的影响。【结果】I2条件下,株高和叶面积指数随施氮量增加呈不断增加趋势,施氮量为240 kg/hm~2时达到最大。I1和I3条件下,增加施氮量,株高和叶面积指数先增加后减小,在施氮量为60或120 kg/hm~2的处理达到最大。夏棉比叶重和叶片含氮量随着生育期推进分别呈不断上升和不断下降趋势,5个施氮水平下夏棉叶片比叶重均表现为I1 【Objective】This paper aims to investigate the impact of different combinations of irrigation schedule and nitrogen application on canopy traits of summer cotton.【Method】The experiment was conducted at a field under drip irrigation in Xinxiang of Henan province. We compared three irrigation amounts: 30(I1), 22.5(I2) and15 mm(I3), and five nitrogen applications: 0(N0), 60(N1), 120(N2), 180(N3) and 240 kg/hm~2(N4). In each treatment, we measured plant height, leaf area index(LAI), leaf nitrogen content(LNC) and specific leaf weight(SLW).【Result】When the irrigation was 30 mm, plant height and LAI increased with nitrogen application up to240 kg/hm~2. When the irrigation was 30 mm and 15 mm, the plant height and LAI firstly increased with nitrogen application up to 120 kg/hm~2 and then declined with a further increase in nitrogen application. As the plant grew,SLW monotonically increased while the LNC declined. In all nitrogen treatments, the SLW increased as irrigation amount decreased. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield and LAI were best correlated with R~2=0.7035,while the yield and SLW was worst correlated with R~2=0.072 6.【Conclusion】Nitrogen application significantly increased plant height, LAI and LNC. Water deficit effectively increased the SLW at flowering-bolling stage. The seed-yield and LAI was best correlated, implicating that LAI can be used as an indicator to predict summer cotton production.
引文
[1]杨成勋,张旺锋,徐守振,等.喷施化学打顶剂对棉花冠层结构及群体光合生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(9):1 672-1 684.
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[3]邓忠,翟国亮,王晓森,等.灌溉和施氮策略对滴灌施肥棉花蕾铃脱落的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(8):1-6.
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[7]马宗斌,严根土,刘桂珍,等.施氮量对黄河滩区棉花叶片生理特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):849-857.
[8]李双,高阳,司转运,等.氮量与株间竞争对番茄幼苗根系形态、生物量积累及氮素利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):13-18,74.
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[10]吴伟斌,洪添胜,王锡平,等.叶面积指数地面测量方法的研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007(2):270-275.
[11]王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等.花后小麦叶面积指数与光合和产量关系的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):27-34.
[12]ZHAO C,ZHANG S,WANG F,et al.Spatial variability and correlation of spring soybean LAI and yield[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010.
[13]吕建林,陈如凯,张木清,等.甘蔗净光合速率、叶绿素和比叶重的季节变化及其关系[J].福建农业大学学报,1998(3):30-35.
[14]许东恒,石玉海,孙宁,等.氮肥运筹对玉米叶片光合速率、比叶重和SPAD值的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):102-106,110.
[15]王凯玺,丁增伟,张海金,等.谷子灌浆期叶片比叶重变化及产量关系研究[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(1):32-34,63.
[16]马革新,张泽,温鹏飞,等.施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):44-51.
[17]BHASKAR R,BONDADA,DERRICK M O.Canopy photosynthesis,specific leaf weight,and yield components of cotton under varying nitrogen supply[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(3):469-477.
[18]张昊,刘浩,孙景生,等.灌溉方式及灌溉制度对麦后移栽棉的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):20-24.
[19]张怀志,曹卫星,周治国,等.棉花适宜叶面积指数的动态知识模型[J].棉花学报,2003(3):151-154.
[20]杜太生,康绍忠,王振昌,等.隔沟交替灌溉对棉花生长、产量和水分利用效率的调控效应[J].作物学报,2007(12):1 982-1 990.
[21]邓忠,白丹,翟国亮,等.膜下滴灌水氮调控对南疆棉花产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2 525-2 532.
[22]石洪亮,张巨松,严青青,等.非充分滴灌下施氮量对棉花生长特性、产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):129-136.
[23]刘新永,田长彦.棉花膜下滴灌水氮耦合效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(2):286-291.
[24]谢志良,田长彦.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):160-165.
[25]李大勇,陈展宇,徐克章,等.不同年代大豆品种叶片氮含量及其与净光合速率的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(2):171-178.
[26]陈华蕊,陈业渊,高爱平,等.芒果叶绿素含量、比叶重与光合速率关系的研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(6):1 848-1 850.
[27]厉广辉,张昆,刘风珍,等.不同抗旱性花生品种的叶片形态及生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):644-654.
[28]王海江,崔静,侯振安,等.膜下滴灌棉花水氮耦合对其干物质和水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(3):76-80.
[29]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.施氮量对棉花功能叶片生理特性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):81-91.
[30]杨荣,苏永中.水氮供应对棉花花铃期净光合速率及产量的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):404-410.
[2]邓忠,翟国亮,吕谋超,等.耕作措施与植物生长调节剂对膜下滴灌棉花生长特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(12):75-80.
[3]邓忠,翟国亮,王晓森,等.灌溉和施氮策略对滴灌施肥棉花蕾铃脱落的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(8):1-6.
[4]ZHAN D,ZHANG C,YANG Y,et al.Water deficit alters cotton canopy structure and increases photosynthesis in the mid-canopy layer[J].Agronomy Journal,2015,107(5):1 947-1 957.
[5]MAO L,ZHANG L,ZHAO X,et al.Crop growth,light utilization and yield of relay intercropped cotton as affected by plant density and a plant growth regulator[J].Field Crops Research,2014,155:67-76.
[6]罗宏海,张旺锋,赵瑞海,等.种植密度对新疆膜下滴灌棉花群体光合速率、冠层结构及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006(4):112-114.
[7]马宗斌,严根土,刘桂珍,等.施氮量对黄河滩区棉花叶片生理特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):849-857.
[8]李双,高阳,司转运,等.氮量与株间竞争对番茄幼苗根系形态、生物量积累及氮素利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):13-18,74.
[9]郑淑霞,上官周平.不同功能型植物光合特性及其与叶氮含量、比叶重的关系[J].生态学报,2007(1):171-181.
[10]吴伟斌,洪添胜,王锡平,等.叶面积指数地面测量方法的研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007(2):270-275.
[11]王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等.花后小麦叶面积指数与光合和产量关系的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):27-34.
[12]ZHAO C,ZHANG S,WANG F,et al.Spatial variability and correlation of spring soybean LAI and yield[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010.
[13]吕建林,陈如凯,张木清,等.甘蔗净光合速率、叶绿素和比叶重的季节变化及其关系[J].福建农业大学学报,1998(3):30-35.
[14]许东恒,石玉海,孙宁,等.氮肥运筹对玉米叶片光合速率、比叶重和SPAD值的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):102-106,110.
[15]王凯玺,丁增伟,张海金,等.谷子灌浆期叶片比叶重变化及产量关系研究[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(1):32-34,63.
[16]马革新,张泽,温鹏飞,等.施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):44-51.
[17]BHASKAR R,BONDADA,DERRICK M O.Canopy photosynthesis,specific leaf weight,and yield components of cotton under varying nitrogen supply[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(3):469-477.
[18]张昊,刘浩,孙景生,等.灌溉方式及灌溉制度对麦后移栽棉的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):20-24.
[19]张怀志,曹卫星,周治国,等.棉花适宜叶面积指数的动态知识模型[J].棉花学报,2003(3):151-154.
[20]杜太生,康绍忠,王振昌,等.隔沟交替灌溉对棉花生长、产量和水分利用效率的调控效应[J].作物学报,2007(12):1 982-1 990.
[21]邓忠,白丹,翟国亮,等.膜下滴灌水氮调控对南疆棉花产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2 525-2 532.
[22]石洪亮,张巨松,严青青,等.非充分滴灌下施氮量对棉花生长特性、产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):129-136.
[23]刘新永,田长彦.棉花膜下滴灌水氮耦合效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(2):286-291.
[24]谢志良,田长彦.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):160-165.
[25]李大勇,陈展宇,徐克章,等.不同年代大豆品种叶片氮含量及其与净光合速率的关系[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(2):171-178.
[26]陈华蕊,陈业渊,高爱平,等.芒果叶绿素含量、比叶重与光合速率关系的研究[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(6):1 848-1 850.
[27]厉广辉,张昆,刘风珍,等.不同抗旱性花生品种的叶片形态及生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):644-654.
[28]王海江,崔静,侯振安,等.膜下滴灌棉花水氮耦合对其干物质和水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(3):76-80.
[29]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.施氮量对棉花功能叶片生理特性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):81-91.
[30]杨荣,苏永中.水氮供应对棉花花铃期净光合速率及产量的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):404-410.