涡轮转子起动温升曲线优化及试验研究
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摘要
涡轮转子在快速起动的过程中会产生较大的热应力,影响转子的热疲劳寿命。结合遗传算法与转子结构热分析,提出发动机起动温升控制曲线非单调参数化,对涡轮转子快速起动过程中的温升控制曲线进行优化设计。优化过程以转子最大热应力为目标函数,计算搜索最优解,并研究温升控制曲线对转子最大热应力的影响。结果显示,优化后的发动机快速起动温升控制曲线可以有效地降低转子的最大热应力和缩短快速起动时间。同时,为了验证提出的涡轮转子快速起动温升曲线优化设计方法的有效性,搭建转子热冲击应力测试试验台,通过对比优化前后温升曲线下的转子最大热应力,验证了理论分析结果。提出的优化设计方法可以为发动机设计初期的快速起动控制方案设计提供一定借鉴。
The process of engine fast start-up will generate huge thermal stress on rotor,which affects the thermal fatigue life of rotor. Based on the genetic algorithm and structure thermal analysis,the temperature control curve for engine start-up process is parameterized non-monotonically,and the temperature rising control curve of engine rotor on fast start-up process is optimized. The maximum thermal stress on rotor is set as the objective function,the optimal temperature control curve is searched,and the impact of the temperature rising control curve on maximum thermal stress on rotor is investigated. Results show that the maximum thermal stress and start-up time are reduced effectively by the genetic algorithm optimized temperature rising control curve. In order to validate the proposed method,a thermal impact test rig for rotor is established. Comparison between the original temperature rising curve and the optimized curve validates the proposed method. The proposed method could be an effective reference for engine design on the first stage.
The process of engine fast start-up will generate huge thermal stress on rotor,which affects the thermal fatigue life of rotor. Based on the genetic algorithm and structure thermal analysis,the temperature control curve for engine start-up process is parameterized non-monotonically,and the temperature rising control curve of engine rotor on fast start-up process is optimized. The maximum thermal stress on rotor is set as the objective function,the optimal temperature control curve is searched,and the impact of the temperature rising control curve on maximum thermal stress on rotor is investigated. Results show that the maximum thermal stress and start-up time are reduced effectively by the genetic algorithm optimized temperature rising control curve. In order to validate the proposed method,a thermal impact test rig for rotor is established. Comparison between the original temperature rising curve and the optimized curve validates the proposed method. The proposed method could be an effective reference for engine design on the first stage.
引文
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[11]丁水汀,王子尧,李果.变厚度涡轮盘上能量与应力分布的关联分析[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(2):341-348.DING Shuiting,WANG Ziyao,LI Guo.Correlation analysis of energy and stress distributions on variable thickness turbine disks[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(2):341-348.
[12]NAKAI A,NAKAMOTO M,KAKEHI A,et al.Turbine start-up algorithm based on prediction of rotor thermal stress[C]//Proceedings of the 34th SICE Annual Conference.International Session Papers,IEEE,1995:1561-1564.
[13]徐自力,王凯,方宇,等.汽轮机启动过程温升分配对转子热应力的影响[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(12):136-141.XU Zili,WANG Kai,FANG Yu,et al.Effect of temperature rising distribution on thermal stress of rotor during steam turbine start-up[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(12):136-141.
[14]江宁,曹祖庆.稳态、热态启动中的最佳温度匹配方式探讨[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):57-61.JIANG Ning,CAO Zuqing.Discussion of the optimum temperature mismatch for hot turbine start up[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,29(17):57-61.
[15]徐宁,刘占生,王庆超.基于舰船发动机转子热应力的快速启动优化[J].船舶力学,2015(1):198-205.XU Ning,LIU Zhansheng,WANG Qingchao.Optimization of fast start-up process based on thermal stress of marine engine rotor[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2015(1):198-205.
[2]THOMPSON B D,GROBLER J.Development US navy gas turbine vibration analysis expertise:LM2500vibration and trim balance[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2012:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2012:243-253.
[3]魏先英,郑鑫元,杜怡宾.转子寿命计算与延长转子寿命的措施[J].中国电机工程学报,1986,6(2):14-26.WEI Xianying,ZHENG Xinyuan,DU Yibin.Calculation of the life of large steam turbine rotor and method to extend it[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1986,6(2):14-26.
[4]DHANANJAYA R P,SARKAR A,SASTRI V M K.Finite element analysis of the three-dimensional transient temperature field in steam turbine casings[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1993,35(7):587-595.
[5]杨昆,张保衡.汽轮机转子暂态热应力控制最佳汽温变化率条件[J].中国电机工程学报,1990,10(1):24-28.YANG Kun,ZHANG Baoheng.The optimum change rate of steam temperature for transient thermal stress controlling of steam turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1990,10(1):24-28.
[6]张光.大型汽轮发电机纽动态运行优化控制的数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(3):86-89.ZHANG Guang.Optimization control model of dynamic operation for large steam turbine units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(3):86-89.
[7]NOWAK G,RUSIN A.Shape and operation optimisation of a supercritical steam turbine rotor[J].Journal of Energy Conversion and Management,2013:417-425.
[8]RZA DKOWSKI R,LAMPART P,KWAPISZ L,et al.Transient thermodynamic,thermal and structure analysis of a steam turbine during its start-up[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2010:Power for Land,Sea,and Air.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2010:1103-1112.
[9]ELHEFNY A,LIANG G.Stress and deformation of rocket gas turbine disc under different loads using finite element modelling[J].Propulsion and Power Research,2013,2(1):38-49.
[10]DING S,LI G,LUO B.Active control thermal-loading method to ameliorate stress in aeroengine turbine disk[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,2013,27(2):274-285.
[11]丁水汀,王子尧,李果.变厚度涡轮盘上能量与应力分布的关联分析[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(2):341-348.DING Shuiting,WANG Ziyao,LI Guo.Correlation analysis of energy and stress distributions on variable thickness turbine disks[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(2):341-348.
[12]NAKAI A,NAKAMOTO M,KAKEHI A,et al.Turbine start-up algorithm based on prediction of rotor thermal stress[C]//Proceedings of the 34th SICE Annual Conference.International Session Papers,IEEE,1995:1561-1564.
[13]徐自力,王凯,方宇,等.汽轮机启动过程温升分配对转子热应力的影响[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(12):136-141.XU Zili,WANG Kai,FANG Yu,et al.Effect of temperature rising distribution on thermal stress of rotor during steam turbine start-up[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(12):136-141.
[14]江宁,曹祖庆.稳态、热态启动中的最佳温度匹配方式探讨[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(9):57-61.JIANG Ning,CAO Zuqing.Discussion of the optimum temperature mismatch for hot turbine start up[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,29(17):57-61.
[15]徐宁,刘占生,王庆超.基于舰船发动机转子热应力的快速启动优化[J].船舶力学,2015(1):198-205.XU Ning,LIU Zhansheng,WANG Qingchao.Optimization of fast start-up process based on thermal stress of marine engine rotor[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2015(1):198-205.