沉积盆地热历史研究方法的基本原理与进展
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摘要
沉积盆地的热历史研究对盆地的动力学研究和油气成藏研究都具有重要的意义,已经成为当前盆地分析的一个热点及前沿领域。沉积盆地的热历史研究包括岩石圈尺度上的构造热演化法和盆地尺度上的古温标法,而两者都经历了从定性到半定量再到定量的发展过程。文章综述了目前沉积盆地热历史研究方法的基本原理和进展。构造热演化法按照不同的动力学机制将盆地划分成不同的类型:伸展盆地、前陆挠曲盆地、克拉通盆地、走滑拉分盆地。不同类型盆地的定量模型彼此各不相同。古温标方法的种类繁多,但各种方法都拥有自身的特点。文章综述了镜质体反射率、沥青反射率及镜状体反射率、裂变径迹、(U-Th)/He定年方法、有机质自由基浓度、岩石热声发射等古温标方法。利用古温标法进行热史反演,主要通过随机演化法、古地温梯度法、古热流法3种基本方法。此外,采用多种古温标耦合同步反演可以极大程度上提高反演结果的质量。因为单纯使用构造热演化法或古温标法存在较大的不确定性和多解性,所以利用计算机软件将二者结合使用成了沉积盆地热历史研究的趋势。
Thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins plays an important role in the study of both basin dynamics and hydrocarbon formation,already it has become a hotspot and frontier of basin research.Thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins has two paths:modeling of tectono-thermal evolution on the lithospheric scale & inversion of paleo-geothermometers on the basin scale,both have experienced developmental periods of from qualitative to semi-quantitative to quantitative.This paper reviews the principles and progresses of the thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins up-to-date.For the tectono-thermal evolution,basins can be divided into different types according to different dynamic mechanisms of sedimentary basins formation,such as the stretching basins,foreland flexural basins,cratonic basins and strike-slip basins.Each type of basins has a different quantitative dynamical model.Basin thermal history can also be reconstructed based on different kinds of paleo-geothermometers such as vitrinite reflectance,bitumen reflectance,vitrinitelike reflectance,fission track,(U-Th)/He thermochronometry,free radicals in organic matter and rock thermosacoustic emission,whereas each way of reconstruction has its advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,three basic methods of thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins by using paleo-geothermometers are also described in this paper,which are the stochasti inversion,paleo-geothermal gradient and paleo-heat flow methods.Moreover,simultaneous inversion of multiple paleo-geothermometers can highly improve the quality of the inversion results.Because much uncertainty and non-uniqueness are made by simply using the tectono-thermal evolution or paleo-geothermometers methods,use of a combination of lithospheric and basin scales with the aid of computer softwares has become a trend in the thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins.
Thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins plays an important role in the study of both basin dynamics and hydrocarbon formation,already it has become a hotspot and frontier of basin research.Thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins has two paths:modeling of tectono-thermal evolution on the lithospheric scale & inversion of paleo-geothermometers on the basin scale,both have experienced developmental periods of from qualitative to semi-quantitative to quantitative.This paper reviews the principles and progresses of the thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins up-to-date.For the tectono-thermal evolution,basins can be divided into different types according to different dynamic mechanisms of sedimentary basins formation,such as the stretching basins,foreland flexural basins,cratonic basins and strike-slip basins.Each type of basins has a different quantitative dynamical model.Basin thermal history can also be reconstructed based on different kinds of paleo-geothermometers such as vitrinite reflectance,bitumen reflectance,vitrinitelike reflectance,fission track,(U-Th)/He thermochronometry,free radicals in organic matter and rock thermosacoustic emission,whereas each way of reconstruction has its advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,three basic methods of thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins by using paleo-geothermometers are also described in this paper,which are the stochasti inversion,paleo-geothermal gradient and paleo-heat flow methods.Moreover,simultaneous inversion of multiple paleo-geothermometers can highly improve the quality of the inversion results.Because much uncertainty and non-uniqueness are made by simply using the tectono-thermal evolution or paleo-geothermometers methods,use of a combination of lithospheric and basin scales with the aid of computer softwares has become a trend in the thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins.
引文
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