邦布造山型金矿床黄铁矿原位微量元素特征及其成矿意义
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摘要
邦布金矿床是目前在雅江缝合带研究程度最高且唯一正在开采的大型造山型金矿床.为理解邦布金矿床中金的来源及迁移沉淀机制,运用原位微区分析技术对邦布矿床中不同世代含金黄铁矿的微量元素组成进行测定.结果显示,亲铁元素Co、Ni主要以类质同象的形式进入到黄铁矿的晶格中替代Fe,As和Se呈类质同象形式替换S,Au是以纳米颗粒的形式均匀或不均匀的分布于不同产状的黄铁矿之中.邦布金矿床中的含金石英脉中三个不同世代的黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值均小于1,保存了围岩中黄铁矿的信息,显示出一种沉积或沉积改造成因.Au与As和Se具有明显的正相关关系,As和Se对Au的迁移及富集具有重要的作用.
The Bangbu deposit is the only large orogenic gold deposit that is being exploited with the highest degree of research in the Yurlung-Zangbo suture zone. In order to understand the source, transportation and precipitation of Au in the Bangbu deposit,in situ microanalysis technique was used to obtain the trace elements compositions of Au-bearing pyrite from different generations.In situ trace elements results show that the siderophile elements Co and Ni mainly enter the lattice of pyrite to substitute Fe while As and Se substitute S in the form of isomorphism. Gold is distributed evenly in different generations of pyrite in the form of nanoparticles. The Co/Ni ratios of pyrite from three generations of Au-bearing quartz veins are all less than 1 which preserve the information of pyrite of the surrounding rocks indicating a kind of sedimentation or sedimentation-reformation origin. As and Se play important roles in the migration and accumulation of Au as Au has obvious positive correlation with As and Se.
The Bangbu deposit is the only large orogenic gold deposit that is being exploited with the highest degree of research in the Yurlung-Zangbo suture zone. In order to understand the source, transportation and precipitation of Au in the Bangbu deposit,in situ microanalysis technique was used to obtain the trace elements compositions of Au-bearing pyrite from different generations.In situ trace elements results show that the siderophile elements Co and Ni mainly enter the lattice of pyrite to substitute Fe while As and Se substitute S in the form of isomorphism. Gold is distributed evenly in different generations of pyrite in the form of nanoparticles. The Co/Ni ratios of pyrite from three generations of Au-bearing quartz veins are all less than 1 which preserve the information of pyrite of the surrounding rocks indicating a kind of sedimentation or sedimentation-reformation origin. As and Se play important roles in the migration and accumulation of Au as Au has obvious positive correlation with As and Se.
引文
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Mo,X.X.,Zhao,Z.D.,Deng,J.F.,et al.,2003.Response of Volcanism to the India-Asia Collision.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pals,D.W.,Spry,P.G.,Chryssoulis,S.,2003.Invisible Gold and Tellurium in Arsenic-Rich Pyrite from the Emperor Gold Deposit,Fiji:Implications for Gold Distribution and Deposition.Economic Geology,98(3):479-493.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.479
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Sun,Q.Z.,Zheng,Y.C.,Hou,Z.Q.,et al.,2013.Genesis of Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit in Tibet:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Composition.Mineral Deposits,32(2):353-366(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Q.Z.,Zheng,Y.C.,Li,W.,et al.,2012.Study on the Occurrence State of Au in the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Southern Tibet.Journal of East China Institute of Technology(Natural Science),35(2):136-142(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,X.M.,Shi,G.Y.,Xiong,D.X.,et al.,2007.Platinum Group Elements Geochemistry and Re-Os Isotopic Compositions of Daping Gold Deposit in Ailaoshan Gold Belt,Yunnan Province,China and Their Metallogenic Implications.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(3):394-404(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,X.M.,Wei,H.X.,Zhai,W.,et al.,2016.Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry and Ar-Ar Geochronology of the Cenozoic Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Southern Tibet,China.Ore Geology Reviews,74:196-210.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.11.021
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Wei,H.X.,Sun,X.M.,Zhai,W.,et al.,2010.He-Ar-S Isotopic Compositions of Ore-Forming Fluids in the Bangbu Large-Scale Gold Deposit in Southern Tibet,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(6):1685-1691(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye,T.,Li,N.,2015.The Application of Pyrite LA-ICP-MSTrace Element Analysis to Gold Deposits.Chinese Journal of Geology,50(4):1178-1199(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,A.,Harrison,T.M.,2000.Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28(1):211-280.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211
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Bralia,A.,Sabatini,G.,Troja,F.,1979.A Revaluation of the Co/Ni Ratio in Pyrite as Geochemical Tool in Ore Genesis Problems.Mineralium Deposita,14(3):353-374.
Brill,B.,1989.Trace-Element Contents and Partitioning of Elements in Ore Minerals from the CSA Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit,Australia.Canadian Mineralogist,27:263-274.
Chen,L.M.,Song,X.Y.,Danyushevsky,L.V.,et al.,2015.ALaser Ablation ICP-MS Study of Platinum-Group and Chalcophile Elements in Base Metal Sulfide Minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit,NW China.Ore Geology Reviews,65:955-967.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.07.011
Cook,N.J.,Chryssoulis,S.L.,1990.Concentrations of Invisible Gold in the Common Sulfides.The Canadian Mineralogist,28(1):1-16.
Cook,N.J.,Ciobanu,C.L.,Danyushevsky,L.V.,et al.,2011.Minor and Trace Elements in Bornite and Associated Cu-(Fe)-Sulfides:A LA-ICP-MS Study Bornite Mineral Chemistry.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,75(21):6473-6496.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.021
Cook,N.J.,Ciobanu,C.L.,Pring,A.,et al.,2009.Trace and Minor Elements in Sphalerite:A LA-ICP-MS Study.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(16):4761-4791.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.045
Franchini,M.,McFarlane,C.,Maydagán,L.,et al.,2015.Trace Metals in Pyrite and Marcasite from the Agua Rica Porphyry-High Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit,Catamarca,Argentina:Textural Features and Metal Zoning at the Porphyry to Epithermal Transition.Ore Geology Reviews,66:366-387.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.10.022
Gong,W.,Jiang,X.D.,2017.Thermal Evolution History and Its Genesis of the Ailao Shan-Red River Fault Zone in the Ailao Shan and Day Nui Con Voi Massif during Oligocene-Early Miocene.Earth Science,42(2):223-239(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou,Z.Q.,Cook,N.J.,2009.Metallogenesis of the Tibetan Collisional Orogen:A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue.Ore Geology Reviews,36(1-3):2-24.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.05.001
Hou,Z.Q.,Wang,E.Q.,2008.Metallogenesis of the IndoAsian Collisional Orogen:New Advances.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,29(3):275-292(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,S.H.,Nie,F.J.,Hu,P.,et al.,2009.Mayum:An Orogenic Gold Deposit in Tibet,China.Ore Geology Reviews,36(1-3):160-173.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.03.006
Large,R.R.,Bull,S.W.,Maslennikov,V.V.,2011.A Carbonaceous Sedimentary Source-Rock Model for CarlinType and Orogenic Gold Deposits.Economic Geology,106(3):331-358.https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.3.331
Leng,C.B.,2017.Genesis of Hongshan Cu Polymetallic Large Deposit in the Zhongdian Area,NW Yunnan:Constraints from LA-ICP-MS Trace Elements of Pyrite and Pyrrhotite.Earth Science Frontiers,24(6):162-175(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin,Y.,Cook,N.J.,Ciobanu,C.L.,et al.,2011.Trace and Minor Elements in Sphalerite from Base Metal Deposits in South China:A LA-ICP-MS Study.Ore Geology Reviews,39(4):188-217.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.03.001
Liu,Y.S.,Hu,Z.C.,Gao,S.,et al.,2008.In Situ Analysis of Major and Trace Elements of Anhydrous Minerals by LA-ICP-MS without Applying an Internal Standard.Chemical Geology,257(1-2):34-43.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.004
Mikucki,E.J.,Ridley,J.R.,1993.The Hydrothermal Fluid of Arch?an Lode-Gold Deposits at Different Metamorphic Grades:Compositional Constraints from Ore and Wallrock Alteration Assemblages.Mineralium Deposita,28(6):469-481.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02431603
Mo,X.X.,Zhao,Z.D.,Deng,J.F.,et al.,2003.Response of Volcanism to the India-Asia Collision.Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pals,D.W.,Spry,P.G.,Chryssoulis,S.,2003.Invisible Gold and Tellurium in Arsenic-Rich Pyrite from the Emperor Gold Deposit,Fiji:Implications for Gold Distribution and Deposition.Economic Geology,98(3):479-493.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.479
Pan,G.T.,Wang,L.Q.,Li,R.S.,et al.,2012.Tectonic Evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,53:3-14.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.12.018
Pei,Y.R.,Sun,Q.Z.,Zheng,Y.C.,et al.,2016.Genesis of the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Tibet:Evidence from Fluid Inclusion,Stable Isotopes,and Ar-Ar Geochronology.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),90(2):722-737.https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12700
Phillips,G.N.,Evans,K.A.,2004.Role of CO2in the Formation of Gold Deposits.Nature,429:860-863.https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02644
Phillips,G.N.,Powell,R.,2010.Formation of Gold Deposits:A Metamorphic Devolatilization Model.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,28(6):689-718.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00887.x
Reich,M.,Kesler,S.E.,Utsunomiya,S.,et al.,2005.Solubility of Gold in Arsenian Pyrite.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,69(11):2781-2796.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.011
Ridley,J.R.,Diamond,L.W.,2000.Fluid Chemistry of Orogenic Lode Gold Deposits and Implications for Genetic Models.Reviews in Economic Geology,13:141-162.
Sun,Q.Z.,Zheng,Y.C.,Hou,Z.Q.,et al.,2013.Genesis of Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit in Tibet:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Composition.Mineral Deposits,32(2):353-366(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Q.Z.,Zheng,Y.C.,Li,W.,et al.,2012.Study on the Occurrence State of Au in the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Southern Tibet.Journal of East China Institute of Technology(Natural Science),35(2):136-142(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,X.M.,Shi,G.Y.,Xiong,D.X.,et al.,2007.Platinum Group Elements Geochemistry and Re-Os Isotopic Compositions of Daping Gold Deposit in Ailaoshan Gold Belt,Yunnan Province,China and Their Metallogenic Implications.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(3):394-404(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,X.M.,Wei,H.X.,Zhai,W.,et al.,2016.Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry and Ar-Ar Geochronology of the Cenozoic Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Southern Tibet,China.Ore Geology Reviews,74:196-210.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.11.021
Sun,X.M.,Zhang,Y.,Xiong,D.X.,et al.,2009.Crust and Mantle Contributions to Gold-Forming Process at the Daping Deposit,Ailaoshan Gold Belt,Yunnan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,36(1-3):235-249.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.05.002
Wei,H.X.,Sun,X.M.,Zhai,W.,et al.,2010.He-Ar-S Isotopic Compositions of Ore-Forming Fluids in the Bangbu Large-Scale Gold Deposit in Southern Tibet,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(6):1685-1691(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye,T.,Li,N.,2015.The Application of Pyrite LA-ICP-MSTrace Element Analysis to Gold Deposits.Chinese Journal of Geology,50(4):1178-1199(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,A.,Harrison,T.M.,2000.Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28(1):211-280.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211
Zhang,X.,Deng,X.G.,Yang,Z.S.,et al.,2017.Genesis of the Gold Deposit in the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone,Southern Tibet:Evidence from Geological and Geochemical Data.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),91(3):947-970.https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13318
Zhao,X.Y.,Yang,Z.S.,Hou,Z.Q.,et al.,2019.The Structural Deformation Characteristics and the Control of Gold Mineralization of the Upper Triassic Flysch(Langjiexue Group)in Tibetan Plateau.Geological Journal,54(3):1331-1342.https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3230
Zhao,Z.H.,Zhao,H.L.,Yang,W.H.,et al.,1987.Trace Element Geochemical Characteristics of Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Strata in the Duibian and Wushan Profiles.Geochimica,16(2):99-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
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