利用手机通信基站信号测量降水分布的初步研究
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摘要
利用手机通信基站信号的衰减反演降水分布是一种较为新兴的降水测量方法。本文利用2014年5月4～5日福州市手机通信基站、雨量站以及降水雷达观测资料,对比分析了3种估测降水方法的精度。结果表明,手机通信基站信号衰减法测得的降水结果整体略大于雨量站测量结果,平均偏差为0. 3 mm/h,但两者的相关性较好,可达0. 92。降水雷达测量结果则整体偏小,且降水中心位置偏差较大,最大偏差可达20 km,相关系数也仅有0. 82。上述结论表明基站信号衰减法对降水的测量,具有准确性好,时空分辨率高等优点,可以作为现有降水测量方法的补充。
To estimate the precipitation amount from the attenuation of communication signal is relatively a novel and promising method for its measurement with high accuracy and spatio-temporal resolution. Using the observational data of mobile communications obtained from the base stations,a comparative analysis had been made on the accuracy for three kinds of methods used to estimate precipitation using rain gauge and precipitation radar of Fuzhou during the period May 4-5,2014. Results showed that the mobile base station measurement tends to be overestimated compared with the rain gauge observations for the entire period,with an average deviation of 0. 3 mm/h and correlation coefficient as high as 0. 92. In contrast,the rainfall estimation from precipitation radar tends to be underestimated relative to the rain gauge measurement,and the location where the largest precipitation occurred has relatively large errors with the maximum deviation up to 20 km. The correlation coefficient between these two measurements was observed to be fair with 0. 82. The key findings obtained here indicate that the method is promising for quantifying the precipitation distribution,and has the potential to serve as a complementary to the existing methods to estimate precipitation.
To estimate the precipitation amount from the attenuation of communication signal is relatively a novel and promising method for its measurement with high accuracy and spatio-temporal resolution. Using the observational data of mobile communications obtained from the base stations,a comparative analysis had been made on the accuracy for three kinds of methods used to estimate precipitation using rain gauge and precipitation radar of Fuzhou during the period May 4-5,2014. Results showed that the mobile base station measurement tends to be overestimated compared with the rain gauge observations for the entire period,with an average deviation of 0. 3 mm/h and correlation coefficient as high as 0. 92. In contrast,the rainfall estimation from precipitation radar tends to be underestimated relative to the rain gauge measurement,and the location where the largest precipitation occurred has relatively large errors with the maximum deviation up to 20 km. The correlation coefficient between these two measurements was observed to be fair with 0. 82. The key findings obtained here indicate that the method is promising for quantifying the precipitation distribution,and has the potential to serve as a complementary to the existing methods to estimate precipitation.
引文
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[2]Upton G J G,Holt A R,Cummings R J,et al.Microwave links:The future for urban rainfall measurement?Atmospheric Research,2005,77(1):300-312.
[3]刘欢,郭建平,陈田萌,等.全球热带海洋地区降水季节变化的TRMM卫星观测研究.科学通报,2017,62(1):90-104.
[4]白先达,王艳兰,孙莹.雷达定量测量降水.气象科技,2011,39(1):61-65.
[5]沈洁.微波遥感反演降水量算法研究进展.价值工程,2012,31(5):165-166.
[6]刘元波,傅巧妮,宋平,等.卫星遥感反演降水研究综述.地球科学进展,2011,26(11):1162-1172.
[7]刘西川,高太长,秦健,等.降雨对微波传输特性的影响分析.物理学报,2010,59(3):2156-2162.
[8]Laws J O,Parsons D A.The relationship of raindrop size to intensity.Trans Am Geophys Union,1943,24:452-460.
[9]Marshall J S,Palmer W M.The distribution of rain drops with size.Meteoro,1948,5:165-166.
[10]赵振维,吴振森.水凝物的电波传播特性与遥感研究.西安电子科技大学,2001.
[11]朱亚乔,刘元波.地面雨滴谱观测技术及特征研究进展.地球科学进展,2013,28(6):685-694.
[12]Atlas D,Ulbrich C W.Path-and Area-Integrated Rainfall Measurement by Microwave Attenuation in the 1-3 cm Band.Journal of Applied Meteorology,1978,16(12).
[13]Upton G J G,Holt A R,Cummings R J,et al.Microwave links:The future for urban rainfall measurement?Atmospheric Research,2005,77(1):300-312.
[14]赵振维.广州地区雨滴谱尺寸分布及雨衰减预报.电波科学学报,1995,10(4):33-37.
[15]印敏,姜世泰,高太长,等.微波雨衰特性在降雨测量中的应用.气象科技,2015,43(1):1-7.
[16]Hogg D C.Millimeter-Wave Communication through the Atmosphere.Science,1968,159(3810):39-46.
[17]赵振维.广州地区1-400GHz降雨传播特性的计算.电波科学学报,1996,11(2):9-17.
[18]Leijnse H,Uijlenhoet R,Stricker J N M.Rainfall measurement using radio links from cellular communication networks.Water Resources Research,2007,43(3):455-456.
[19]Zinevich A,Alpert P,Messer H.Estimation of rainfall fields using commercial microwave communication networks of variable density.Advances in Water Resources,2008,31(11):1470-1480.
[20]Messer H,Zinevich A,Alpert P.Environmental monitoring by wireless communication networks.Science,2006,312(5774):713-713.