Al/CuO复合物的制备及其热反应性能研究
|
摘要
利用高能球磨法,制备了Al/CuO复合物,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段观察了Al/CuO复合物的相结构和组织形貌,同时采用热失重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC),对其热性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明,Al/CuO复合物呈片状,颗粒粒径变大,但晶粒细化至微米级。球磨制备的Al/CuO复合物与空气的热反应性能得到显著提高,且在3h制备条件时最优。其增重率和铝反应率分别提高到74.33%和92.91%,最大放热热流率提高了53W/g,热反应焓变增加到3095.62J/g,活化能仅为202.7kJ/mol。在含能材料中具有很重要的应用价值。
Al/CuO composite was fabricated by high-energy ball milling. Phase structure and morphology were inspected using scanning electron microscopy( SEM),particle size analyzer,X-ray diffraction( XRD),and thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry( TG-DSC). The results show that microscopic morphology of Al/CuO composite is sheet,particle size increases while grain size is refined into micrometer scale. Moreover,thermal properties of Al/CuO composite reacted with air are significantly improved,and reach a peak value when Al/CuO was milled for 3 h. The weight increase of Al/CuO composite and reactivity of Al is up to 74. 33% and 92. 91%,respectively. The maximum heat flow rate( Qmax) is increased by 53 W/g. Al/CuO-O2 system exhibits an intense exothermic peak with reaction heat of 3 095. 62 J/g. Finally,A low activation energy merely with 202. 7 k J/mol can be obtained,Which shows important values in the application of energetic materials.
Al/CuO composite was fabricated by high-energy ball milling. Phase structure and morphology were inspected using scanning electron microscopy( SEM),particle size analyzer,X-ray diffraction( XRD),and thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry( TG-DSC). The results show that microscopic morphology of Al/CuO composite is sheet,particle size increases while grain size is refined into micrometer scale. Moreover,thermal properties of Al/CuO composite reacted with air are significantly improved,and reach a peak value when Al/CuO was milled for 3 h. The weight increase of Al/CuO composite and reactivity of Al is up to 74. 33% and 92. 91%,respectively. The maximum heat flow rate( Qmax) is increased by 53 W/g. Al/CuO-O2 system exhibits an intense exothermic peak with reaction heat of 3 095. 62 J/g. Finally,A low activation energy merely with 202. 7 k J/mol can be obtained,Which shows important values in the application of energetic materials.
引文
[1]安亭,赵凤起,裴庆,等.超级铝热剂对双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响[J].固体火箭技术,2012,35(6):773-777.
[2]Danali S M,Palaiah R S,Raha K C.Developments in pyrotechnics(review paper)[J].Defence Science Journal,2010,60(2).
[3]Abraham A,Obamedo J,Schoenitz M,et al.Effect of composition on properties of reactive Al·Bi powders prepared by mechanical milling[J].Journal of Physics&Chemistry of Solids,2015,83:1-7.
[4]Gong H,Yin Y,Wang X,et al.Fabrication and microstructure of in situ toughened Al2O3/Fe3Al[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2004,39:513-521.
[5]邹美帅,杜旭杰,李晓东,等.反应抑制球磨法制备超级铝热剂的研究进展[J].兵工学报,2013(6):783-791.
[6]周超,李国平,罗运军.纳米铝热剂的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2010,38(31):4-7.
[7]安亭,赵凤起,肖立柏.高反应活性纳米含能材料的研究进展[J].火炸药学报,2010,33(3):55-62.
[8]Motlagh E B,Khaki J V,Sabzevar M H.Welding of aluminum alloys through thermite like reactions in Al-Cu O-Ni system[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2012,133(2-3):757-763.
[9]Zou M S,Yang R J,Guo X Y,et al.The preparation of Mgbased hydro-reactive materials and their reactive properties in seawater[J].Fuel&Energy Abstracts,2011,36.
[10]Stamatis D,Izin E L.Thermal initiation of consolidated nanocomposite thermites[J].Combustion&Flame,2011,158(8):1631-1637.
[11]Wang Y,Jiang W,Liang L,et al.Thermal reactivity of nanostructure Al(0.8)Mg(0.2)alloy powder used in termites[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2012,41(1):9-13.
[12]周超,李国平,罗运军.球磨时间对Fe2O3/Al纳米复合材料性能的影响[J].固体火箭技术,2010,33(4):445-448.
[13]Starink M J.A new method for the derivation of activation energies from experiments performed at constant heating rate[J].Thermochemica Acta,1996,288:97-104.
[14]Starink M J.The determination of activation energy from linear heating rate experiments:a comparison of the accuracy of isoconversion methods[J].Thermochemica Acta,2003,404:163-176.
[15]Vyazovkin S,Wight C A.Kinetics in solids[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,1997,48(4):326-327.
[16]Song X,Yi W,An C,et al.Dependence of particle morphology and size on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(2-3):222-229.
[2]Danali S M,Palaiah R S,Raha K C.Developments in pyrotechnics(review paper)[J].Defence Science Journal,2010,60(2).
[3]Abraham A,Obamedo J,Schoenitz M,et al.Effect of composition on properties of reactive Al·Bi powders prepared by mechanical milling[J].Journal of Physics&Chemistry of Solids,2015,83:1-7.
[4]Gong H,Yin Y,Wang X,et al.Fabrication and microstructure of in situ toughened Al2O3/Fe3Al[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2004,39:513-521.
[5]邹美帅,杜旭杰,李晓东,等.反应抑制球磨法制备超级铝热剂的研究进展[J].兵工学报,2013(6):783-791.
[6]周超,李国平,罗运军.纳米铝热剂的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2010,38(31):4-7.
[7]安亭,赵凤起,肖立柏.高反应活性纳米含能材料的研究进展[J].火炸药学报,2010,33(3):55-62.
[8]Motlagh E B,Khaki J V,Sabzevar M H.Welding of aluminum alloys through thermite like reactions in Al-Cu O-Ni system[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2012,133(2-3):757-763.
[9]Zou M S,Yang R J,Guo X Y,et al.The preparation of Mgbased hydro-reactive materials and their reactive properties in seawater[J].Fuel&Energy Abstracts,2011,36.
[10]Stamatis D,Izin E L.Thermal initiation of consolidated nanocomposite thermites[J].Combustion&Flame,2011,158(8):1631-1637.
[11]Wang Y,Jiang W,Liang L,et al.Thermal reactivity of nanostructure Al(0.8)Mg(0.2)alloy powder used in termites[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2012,41(1):9-13.
[12]周超,李国平,罗运军.球磨时间对Fe2O3/Al纳米复合材料性能的影响[J].固体火箭技术,2010,33(4):445-448.
[13]Starink M J.A new method for the derivation of activation energies from experiments performed at constant heating rate[J].Thermochemica Acta,1996,288:97-104.
[14]Starink M J.The determination of activation energy from linear heating rate experiments:a comparison of the accuracy of isoconversion methods[J].Thermochemica Acta,2003,404:163-176.
[15]Vyazovkin S,Wight C A.Kinetics in solids[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,1997,48(4):326-327.
[16]Song X,Yi W,An C,et al.Dependence of particle morphology and size on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(2-3):222-229.