高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印
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摘要
3D打印技术是一种逐层成形的增材制造技术,而纤维增强树脂基复合材料是一种力学性能优异的先进结构材料,结合3D打印的工艺先进性和纤维的材料性能优势,提出新型的纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印工艺,为进一步促进两者共同发展与应用提供了可能。综述并分析了纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印技术的研究现状与瓶颈,提出了一种连续纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料3D打印工艺,将3D打印丝材制备、3D打印预成型体、3D打印预成型体固化分隔成3个独立的模块,并根据不同模块设计搭建了不同的试验平台及设备,成功制备得到了连续纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料3D打印构件,还测试得出其(纤维含量为52%)拉伸强度及拉伸模量分别达到1325.14MPa和100.28GPa;弯曲强度及弯曲模量分别为1078.03MPa和80.01GPa;层间剪切强度为58.89MPa。大幅提高了纤维增强树脂基复合材料3D打印成型构件的力学性能。
3D printing is a layer-by-layer forming additive manufacturing technology. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are advanced structural materials with excellent mechanical performance. Combining 3D printing technology and fiber reinforced polymer composites, this paper proposes a novel composite preparation process which will certainly promote their development and applications. This paper reviews and analyzes the current research progress and difficulties of 3D printing for fiber reinforced polymer composites, and meanwhile, presents a new 3D printing process for continuous fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer composites. This process separated the whole preparation into three independent modules, including fiber impregnating, 3D printing and pre-formed sample curing. Relevant experimental equipments were designed and built independently, and the 3D printed samples were successfully fabricated. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of these(52% fiber content) specimens were 1325.14 MPa and100.28 GPa, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were 1078.03 MPa and 80.01 GPa, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength was 58.89 MPa. The mechanical performance had been greatly improved.
3D printing is a layer-by-layer forming additive manufacturing technology. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are advanced structural materials with excellent mechanical performance. Combining 3D printing technology and fiber reinforced polymer composites, this paper proposes a novel composite preparation process which will certainly promote their development and applications. This paper reviews and analyzes the current research progress and difficulties of 3D printing for fiber reinforced polymer composites, and meanwhile, presents a new 3D printing process for continuous fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer composites. This process separated the whole preparation into three independent modules, including fiber impregnating, 3D printing and pre-formed sample curing. Relevant experimental equipments were designed and built independently, and the 3D printed samples were successfully fabricated. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of these(52% fiber content) specimens were 1325.14 MPa and100.28 GPa, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were 1078.03 MPa and 80.01 GPa, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength was 58.89 MPa. The mechanical performance had been greatly improved.
引文
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[3]李梦倩,王成成,包玉衡,等.3D打印复合材料的研究进展[J].高分子通报,2016(10):41-46.LI Mengqian,WANG Chengcheng,BAOYuheng,et al.Research progress of 3D printing composites[J].Polymer Bulletin,2016(10):41-46.
[4]李新,孙良双,杨亮,等.FDM 3D打印高分子材料改性及应用进展[J].胶体与聚合物,2017(3):139-141.LI Xin,SUN Liangshuang,YANG Liang,et al.FDM 3D printing polymer modification progress and application[J].Chinese Journal of Colloid&Polymer,2017(3):139-141.
[5]郭华清,徐冬梅.3D打印用高分子材料的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2016,44(11):118-121.GUO Huaqing,XU Dongmei.Research progress of polymer materials for 3D printing[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2016,44(11):118-121.
[6]于晓东,陈涛,贾茹.聚乳酸3D打印件材料性能表征[J].现代塑料加工应用,2016,28(2):51-53.YU Xiaodong,CHEN Tao,JIA Ru.Property Characterization of polylactic acid product formed by 3D printing[J].Modern Plastics Processing&Applications,2016,28(2):51-53.
[7]乔雯钰,徐欢,马超,等.3D打印用ABS丝材性能研究[J].工程塑料应用,2016,44(3):18-23.QIAO Wenyu,XU Huan,MA Chao,et al.Research on properties of ABS filament used in3D printing[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2016,44(3):18-23.
[8]BLOK L G,LONGANA M L,YU H,et al.An investigation into 3D printing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites[J].Additive Manufacturing,2018,22:176-186.
[9]NAMIKI M,UEDA M,TODOROKIA,et al.3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced plastic[J].Materials Science Forum,2014,914:558-563.
[10]WANG X,JIANG M,ZHOU Z,et al.3D printing of polymer matrix composites:Areview and prospective[J].Composites Part B,2016,110:442-458.
[11]ZHONG W,LI F,ZHANG Z,et al.Short fiber reinforced composites for fused deposition modeling[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2001,301(2):125-130.
[12]TEKINALPHL,KUNCV,VELEZ-GARCIA G M,et al.Highly oriented carbon fiber-polymer composites via additive manufacturing[J].Composites Science&Technology,2014,105:144-150.
[13]NING F,CONG W,QIU J,et al.Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modeling[J].Composites Part B,2015,80:369-378.
[14]COMPTONBG,LEWIS JA.3D-printing of lightweight cellular composites[J].Advanced Materials,2015,26(34):5930-5935.
[15]GRIFFINI G,INVERNIZZI M,LEVI M,et al.3D-printable CFR polymer composites with dual-cure sequential IPNs[J].Polymer,2016,91:174-179.
[16]YAN C,ZHU W,SHI Y,et al.Method for manufacturing composite product from chopped fiber reinforced thermosetting resin by 3D printing:US20170266882[P].2017-09-21.
[17]SAARI M,COX B,RICHER E,et al.Fiber encapsulation additive manufacturing:an enabling technology for 3D printing of electromechanical devices and robotic components[J].3D Printing&Additive Manufacturing,2016,2(1):32-39.
[18]MATSUZAKI R,UEDA M,NAMIKIM,et al.Three-dimensional printing of continuousfiber composites by in-nozzle impregnation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:23058.
[19]田小永,杨春成,李涤尘,等.一种连续纤维增强智能复合材料3D打印头及其使用方法:CN104441658A[P].2015-03-25.TIAN Xiaoyong,YANG Chuncheng,LIDichen,et al.A continuous fiber reinforced intelligent composite 3D printing head and its usage method:CN104441658A[P].2015-03-25.
[20]TIAN X,LIU T,YANG C,et al.Interface and performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLAcomposites[J].Composites Part A,2016,88:198-205.
[21]RONALD S,BAUER R S.Epoxy resin chemistry[M].Washington:American Chemical Society,1979.
[22]谷晓昱,张军营.用FT-IR研究双氰胺固化环氧树脂的反应机理[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2006,22(5):182-184.GU Xiaoyu,ZHANG Junying.Study on the curing mechanism of Epoxy/DICY system by FT-IR[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2006,22(5):182-184.